i'm sure that it was as we were. inseparable. what's a big. deal for you book. hello and welcome to in good shape as always directly from berlin this is where in 19021 of the 1st persons in germany was diagnosed with hiv that's the virus which causes aids back in those days this disease was not treatable and it caused a lot of fear thanks to medical progress and doctors like me a lot has changed and improved some coral building the city of positives on the one

hand there are a lot of people tested hiv positive and on the other hand they treat it with the highest medical standards and that's very positive but how can one lead a normal life with a potentially deadly virus and how can we protect ourselves from being infected and will we be able to defeat the virus one day i'm talking about this today with hiv researcher hendrik rick we're meeting at the famous german museum of technology in berlin. and you brought great news to bill and with you because it seems that there might be vaccination against hiv well it's a little bit too early to say but we are going to have a vaccine but there are currently 2 studies running to see a potential vaccine might work. all of them have been tested in humans that they are safe and and using immune responses and this is lou. looks like really good

data at the same time they have been tested in the monkeys and in particular one of them shows in monkeys a really high ethical sea which suggests or gives the hope that this might actually also work in humans but we will only know in 2021 or 2022 those results and then we will know if you're going to have a vaccine or not and if there will be of exceeding affective and safe well. for clinical studies that we normally 1st test and that has been done for that vaccine the 1st test it's going to be safe so these studies have been performed and all of those studies have shown that these scenes that are currently on the development of totally safe there are minor complications sometimes like for any back seen or any action like for example some rash at the site of injections but this is totally normal so right now the snow lexeme but there is something called print which is the pretax poser profile texas which can prevent hiv infection so

could you please explain the difference between those 2 well the pre-exposure prophylaxis that's a pretty new development of preventing hiv infection and it's really a good and efficacious tool that we have so if it's taking daily and correctly we have to be at preventing age of the infection in over 95 percent so this is a medication it's a chemo profile axis that has to be taking every day if it seen as basically an injection that trains the immune system like a soccer team to combat the virus then comes in so it's basically training on the one inside the moon system on the other hand you're giving a medication to prevent infection thanks for now we'll continue to talk in just a moment and i'll be back unfortunately we'll have to wait a little longer. next

a nation against hiv and until then we have to protect ourselves against an infection in other ways in 1903 an educational pamphlet was published in the us it's titled how to have sex in an epidemic oh or use the word sex on international t.v. in this publication the term safer sex was used for the 1st time or say for sex this was the year of 1903 i was 12 years old pick graham until today there are 3 problems reservations ignorance misinformation activists are fighting for sex education by various means. be home he's majesty the king of condoms. we join him in his kingdom. in america became africa's largest advents loud. this is my kingdom is my territory it is my proudest i can mia every day and use what you call the approach.

i think is to engage the community to have a little ship with them. and i teach them on the whole to use expanding did stages from the i do the most ritual. gotten. from the most everybody will pick depending to the need or want and need media people want one thing is that. the king of condoms started advocating for safe sex and the importance of using condoms after high school after losing a close friend to a change stanley decided that honest and open conversations about hiv with as many people as possible to draw people's attention here is this i catch him growing out feet is very attractive and it also makes me feel. not on the.

people in a very good level at a low level the high level coming from the slums it's very up like to me today. in the last 2 decades hiv infections in kenya have decreased by cars going to like l.v. c.t. health who supply the king of condoms with well condoms have helped steer these efforts however 5.6 percent of the population still carries the virus and recently and you worrying trend has emerged. through we've noticed that now among the new infections there's an increased number among the young people generally so here we're talking about age about 15 to 24 years who are at highest risk of infection in poor settlements like kibera infections among young people particularly on the right. i've come to realize that these are charting long buggin me because the same

god when you ask them why why what happened they'll tell me i was told this man he bought for me being he started being made into a standard windows a process man was talking of him on. thinking of condoms and his projects supply girls with green farming and full of digital so that they can sell the crops even the small income helps young girls become independent and less likely to engage in and safe sex 18 year old lucky from idea this part of the project and part of her living with a farming bag. they don't have to be a parent to those my new. small girls in sexual. activity so that you can get some money to buy. your food. their confidence their courage to say no i can't support myself thinking of condoms moves on to continue his daily mission to protect his kingdom kibera. i can tell you to.

use an african i want something to put a sample of people living. here you know. the power on that simple thing called the times. needed to fix it i believe somebody who could now mark where it hit immediately. when closed. in the 1980 s. in a chevy infection was basically a death sentence especially terrible for children who were infected by their mothers during birth today things are different the virus can be kept in check with specific medications and the ones deadly disease aids cannot break out those who are treated with those drugs in time have practically in normal life expectancy many people have been living with a virus for years some of them since birth. the

fact that she had been bald knows even walking along here today is not something she takes for granted as she's coming up for her 35th birthday and no one neither her family nor her doctors told that she would live this long. this for me and their friends so much i'm going way beyond the life expectancy they predicted for me were told that i would only live to the age of 4 and a half so every year is one more year that i not only survived but also experienced so i'm going to. shoot in is thought to be the person who's lived with hiv the longest in all of europe her parents were both drug addicts and hiv positive she contract a different birth her parents both died and she was raised by her grandmother her life revolved around doctors' appointments and heavy medication. in the small towns sharon grew up and she was ostracized not even accepted into kindergarten she was very lonely. my grandmother try to compensate for

all of the loneliness i felt there were a lot of experiences that i missed out on the experiences you get from being in a group. it's still like that today and of course i also don't have that special friend from childhood who knows you better than anyone. hiv is part of her daily life even so she even managed to finish school and trained as a medical technical assistant. sharon has been treated for the past 15 years by christophe stefan a senior physician at frankfurt university hospital he conducts research in the field of hiv medicine and says great progress has been made. the move towards a target these days we have very many different therapies and quite a few single tablet therapies available that that means a combination therapy mixed into one pill so if a patient takes one pill. nowadays sharon also only takes one tablets

a day. in the past she had to take up to 40 over the years she had an on her doctor have developed a good relationship and even hold educational events together at the university aimed specifically at young people. in the shooting that's shown it was really brave of sharing to be so vocal and open to give advice and talk about her personal experience and what it's like often in. front of me on 2 fronts it was interesting hearing things from her point of view really impressive and. even in the most difficult times she had never lost heart she continued to set herself new goals such as participating in the birth of bits here and i'm now 34 and i'm now slowly understanding who i am and feel more at peace with myself and of course nowadays the illness doesn't play the same role as it used to i'm ill longer struggling to survive each day. these days she has one main goal to simply enjoy

life to its fullest. the united nations originally wanted to get rid of aids by the year 2020 and they failed so they got a new deadline right now at 2030 so what is slowing us down in the fight against aids well the fight against aids is basically the treatment of all individuals that are on. the positive the problem with this is you need to have therapies so you need to have funding to actually treat everybody with infected at the same time you also have to test everyone who are might be a chevy infected and because of stigma and discrimination people do not like to get tested hiv so you have basically 2 problems on the one inside a lack of funding to treat everyone and the on the other hand like stick man describing. nation that prevents individuals from being tested unlike in western

europe or in the united states and africa each of us may be transmitted by hatred sexual transmission so what must be done to reduce numbers well so this test and treat is actually a very powerful tool of what we have so because we know that individuals that are positive end up being treated the against. first of all they have an almost normal life expectancy then an individual the hiv negative but more importantly they cannot transmit hiv b. to another person this treatment as prevention or task abbreviated is really powerful and that's the message that needs to go to out there because people should get tested and treated because they have a longer life expectancy and they cannot transmit hiv to another person there's still a lot of misinformation in this around each so what are the biggest obstacles holding

us back in the treatment i think one of the biggest obstacles the people are afraid of getting tested against hiv. there's so much fear and stigma and discrimination surrounding age should be that individuals would rather like to die of aids than actually being tested but knowing that the person is not infectious that undetectable virus means that the virus cannot be transmissible undetectable equals unfriends miscible is so powerful this is a message that needs to get out and condoms a very see very effective very cheap why do we need something like a prep the pre-exposure prophylaxis anyway well condoms are just not for everyone some people do not want to take quantum's as they have problems with the direction of taking a condom but at the same time for example woman may not be. they are or their

partner. that he is taking a condom so these are all factors in individual might want to have another prevention methods and for those individuals the pre-exposure prophylaxis as an individual lies chemotherapy against hiv infection it's a really powerful to think so much of this talk right now you continue talking just a moment unprotected sex is the most common way for the virus to be transmitted from person to person for a long time there were only 2 ways to protect yourself from being infected abstinence. and condoms but today there's prep the pre exposure profile axis dr streak just explained how it works prep is made to help reduce the virus will white. new york or set itself the goal of drastically reducing the number of fresh hiv infections on truvada tablets have proven to be an effective.

david jacobs has been taking truvada every morning for 3 years to medication protects him against h. i.v. infection the tablets have been available in the us as an aids prophylactic since 2012 and they're covered by health insurance studies say it offers 99 percent immunity against hiv. when i was using condoms it always felt like status was dependent on somebody else it is a really important part of my daily routine starting the day thinking like i'm in control i have agency i'm not going to be hiv positive today. truvada was originally developed to treat hiv infections if the medication is taken as a preventive measure it's known as prep short for pre-exposure prophylaxis. is part of new york sandy aid strategy it's been responsible for a complete reversal in the number of new infections. how

it grossman is a doctor and activist who also takes prep if everybody who is at risk of infection goes on crap and everybody who is a tiny positive gets treatment and access to treatment and effective treatment then in one generation this epidemic ends without a back scene without a cure without anything else and this is the 1st time that we've ever been able to say that. as a prep user daemon jacobs us to have a blood test every 3 months the medication has no side effects for most people but those with kidney disorders or osteoporosis aren't allowed to take it since prep was introduced in 2012 the number of users has risen by 500 percent and infection rates are falling damon jacobs has set up a website to publicize truvada more widely. i spoke to

a friend of mine about prep and he was like i wish you would have told me that i'm already positive that broke my heart so that is when i started a facebook group devoted to prep. there's also some drastically needed change afoot in new york's bronx district and the hot spot homosexuality is still a to boo subject amongst many communities certain health centers offer anonymous hiv tests like nonprofit organization health hiv primarily infects young people aged 13 to 21 health targets it's a message to high risk groups like homeless people sex workers drug addicts and the partners of people with hiv it's workshops teach these young people about h i.v. prophylaxis. i think one of the biggest thing was about. the people is that it's marketed as a gauge but it's something that can be used for everyone all types of identity you

know sexual in whom health young clients talk about why people don't use condoms they like going to parties having fun and those situations happen they don't we know some people who they like through things. more sex than somebody and they don't feel ok we call it. he doesn't want to move we're doing. press opponents claim that people who don't use condoms wouldn't take the tablet consistently either room health says that's just prejudice it's people like you who continue to create stigma and the fact that people can't always come out because of their sexual identity or come out to their families about wanting to take a medication such as prep it's the fear you're instilling in them the latest studies do indeed show that people take prep reliably even though no more than 25 percent of young people in the us use condoms. instead of trying to force people to do

something they're not going to do and shame them in that process what prep allows us to do is to meet people where they're. us aids activists fought for a long time to get prepped licensed on market commitment to save countless people from an h.i.v. infection. in many countries the situation for the patients is very depressing there's hardly any counseling and not enough medication and those who are affected stigmatized and criminalized like in russia where the disease is stopped and those who stand up for their rights can get into trouble the situation is especially dramatic for infected children. the day begins at 7 am at the children's home in the russian city of chelyabinsk. everyone knows what to do.

the same the same dosage and the fear. 44000 girls between the ages of 4 and 17 live here the ones who are hiv positive. the ones who were negative me go seeking. but. when we opened 11 years ago the hiv positive kids lived in a separate area. the safe is how covering white down there were no carpets. the dishes were soaked in basins full of disinfectant though. ringback it was very difficult to create a welcoming environment for these children. it took 6 years before almost off came to accept and respect them. much. these days that.

is all play and live together in this unique children's home. they're all growing up without pam. they know that they're not at risk of being infected by the hiv positive kids even if one of them has an injury. the youngest are always supervised by a caregiver. the older ones know that the hiv virus is fragile and immediately dies when it comes into contact with that huge. my friend sleeps in my room. hiv positive one day before i knew about it he said i have to tell you something i made hiv positive shocking i thought at 1st i was scared but then he explained how you get infected since then everything has been fine i treat him just like anybody else. but 1st of the

have hiv positive parents many of whom are alcoholics or drug addicts and no longer have custody of their children some of them aren't even aware that their children are. out the kids are well cared for and in a safe place they learn early on how to live responsibly and calmly with their infection they cope better than some adults. about the one time my little ones were to summer camp on the 1st evening while they were having a bath the come direct to practice how to round the door hesitantly unpaired at the children as if they might have for years or 2 had. on another occasion a colleague asked me you know you know what should i do they fought to support you with hiv i said lock him in the cellar she was confused what do you think i said just let him play with the other group. in the evening the children follow the same

familiar routine as always the same meds the same dosage day in day out. quite a few of the kids here have learning disabilities because of that mother's substance abuse before during pregnancy. that will make life even tougher for them compounded in the social stigma that can still attached to those who are hiv positive. all the more important for them for them to be able to grow up with people who accept them as they are and give them the care they need. it's most of the case when somebody is in fixed it there are currently drugs and keep the virus in check how effective are those drugs so those. extremely effective most of them do not make any side effects or individuals can have a completely normal life on top of that is getting treated very early in infection

and take polls regularly every day you will have a normal life expectancy like an individual who has been negative so you cannot in fact another person anymore and you have a normal life expectancy but why scientists is researchers trying to develop a new kind of medication if the current medications working so well one problem with the current. medication is that you have to take a pill every day until the end of your life so people are constantly reminded of being age should be a positive the new development is to try to have like for example an injection every $6.00 to $8.00 weeks that is sufficient to treat hiv infection and even in the future of your thinking about having a poll that you only have to take once a month or even half an implant in your that is sufficient to treat a shabby infection and that needs to be exchanged once a year thank you so much for this interesting talks. that's it for today i'm

looking forward to seeing you next week i'm out.

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you're watching deja vu news live from berlin the global toll of the pandemic continues to mount the number of people who have succumbed to the virus reaches 3000000 behind the statistics many families around the world mourning loved ones also coming up. in these capital delhi goes into lockdown as it struggles to contain a surgeon coronavirus cases.