not forget them they forget sins in the kitchen. only a few people could attend the requiem due to social distancing rules being clue to chancellor angela merkel as well as relatives of people who had died during the pandemic most of the ceremony was given over to them and their poignant stories. i tell you banging 8 days of worry and of waste and waiting for the doctor to call me every day hoping for a miracle praying that my worst fears would not come true my worst fears came true on the 14th of april i was allowed to go to the i.c.u. to my husband when it was clear that medicine to do nothing more for him and. germany's president frank gallagher steinmeyer spoke of hope during the ceremony germany was able to keep rates of infection in the initial phase of the pandemic

due to lockdown measures and social distancing. but numbers started to rise last autumn and now the country is battling the 3rd wave. steinmeier said by remaining united and caring for each other the pandemic will pass by. words of encouragement for a nation like so many others around the world that is grieving for all those lost to the coronavirus. and would mean a studios outputs of correspondents hounds brunt. and so i was definitely very emotional what where can we start how touching was it to hear from family members of those who had lost loved ones well yes that was i think the point of the ceremony older the president obviously spoke a eulogy it was meant to be

a service or a commemoration even for the victims and their families and they were from a very wide spectrum obviously that was the way that they were chosen also the way that they were picked there was a woman who lost her disabled young daughter took over 19 there was the wife of a doctor who ran a hospital and in his own hospital presumably caught the virus and then died there was also the daughter of a turkish immigrant who made his family life here and in germany and the daughter very young daughter of a man who is very young when he died but did not die of color 19 he died of leukemia of cancer of a blood but also died basically on his own because of the restrictions and finally there was the son of a woman who was in a care because she was suffering from dementia and she too was in

a sense left alone because her family was not able to see her during that time. is there a reason for the timing of this is why now. there is no exact reason there has been some debate about this in fact some people have said the commemoration should have happened a lot of other countries have had similar events before some people say we should be commemorating victims continuously because people continue to die and we should not ignore that the president himself has said it's not been a year of just over a year since the pandemic struck we cannot wait for the pen to make to end to do this come immigration because we don't know when it will end and so he's saying it's a moment to stand back and to in a sense commemorate but also to gather our strength for the new continuing infections the continuing the 3rd wave as we're talking about at the moment of this pandemic now take into that looking ahead jamie as you rightly said it's in the

grip of it that we would record new infections in recent days what is the government's proposing to do there's been a lot of dispute about what is the right way to go and this dispute has been in fact going on for months mainly it's the central government of i'm going to medical the chancellor on the one hand and on the other side the 16 federal states and their leaders who in fact have. the power to decide what happens in their regions and what i'm going to america has always been for stricter measures the regional leaders have resisted that and that continues to this day at the moment there are discussions about imposing a central government lockdown a got a new law is likely to be passed for that in this coming week but there's still resistance from the regions so it's not quite clear to what extent i'm going to america is able to push through what she really would like to do a hard locked on i guess only time will tell it of use for its go correspondents

front thank you. let's now take a look at other stories making headlines around the world stuti forces in may have dispersed hundreds of protesters in the southern city of meanwhile a newly formed government of national unity has east asian leaders to give it the seat of crisis talks next week and not to recognize the military seized in the field really cool. the philippines is bracing for floods and landslides storm sit again edges closer shows its peak wind is clocking more than 300 kilometers an hour it is the strongest super typhoon ever observed in the western pacific so early in the calendar year. has announced it's expelling 18 of russian diplomats the move comes over suspicions that russian intelligence services were involved in on a still munition dibble in 2014 that killed 2 people in tehran has accused

prague of engaging in tricks and says there will be diplomatic consequences. doctors for jude russian dissidents alike say the body see he could be close to death based on medical tests received from his representatives the 44 year old is on hunger strike he says authorities aren't letting his doctors treat him for back pain and numbness in his legs. now scientists say one of the world's largest ice melted away the so-called a $68.00 he said nearly 6000 square kilometers and we had approximately $1000000000.00 tons of it broke away from $2.00 to $17.00 it's drift toward the island of south georgia in the south are not planted reste fears for wildlife there but satellite shoe formation is now virtually gone broken into conklin small

fragments. i'm now joined by hugh griffiths he's the marine bio ju graf who's conducted research on ice age now we just saw some pretty dramatic pictures of the iceberg melting can you tell us a bit more about its life and times of this iceberg was one of the figures that we've ever tracked to a note about. like twice the size of luxembourg but it started life as part of a giant floating ice shelf so fresh water ice that's been pushed off the land and starts to float in the sea. and eventually the ends break off and float off is what we call icebergs and this one broke off it was about 12 percent of the ice shelf broke off in one huge chunk and didn't really move for a while and then after about a year started heading north woods and it then made its way out what we call iceberg alley an area of the ocean where a lot of icebergs travel through and up toward south georgia and it did look for

a while as if it might threaten some of the wildlife and the habitat up there because it's such a huge iceberg nearly as big as the whole island but luckily in the currents took it just south of the island and the rough seas and warmer water around there really started to break it up but we were surprised it lasted as long as it did it stage for over 2 years of this travel it without breaking out and eventually broke up into smaller pieces and those pieces just melted away and we see that it melted because of global warming. no the icebergs melt just because of the action of the ocean but also the water the warmer water that they're moving into that is naturally warmer but we also know that the ice shelves that the ice builds come off might be. in danger from global warming so that this was last and see that it came off but they used to be a loss and a and a loss and b. 2 smaller ice shelves further north and both of them disintegrated within my

lifetime and they have been linked to the actions of climate change so although last and see at the moment we think is fairly stable actually in the future it's been predicted to be one of the hotspots for the influence of climate change and could be one of the places they could go next ok you griffiths encounter each thank you thank you. in the german buy in munich have released a statement criticizing the chance of leg after he publicly stated he wants to leave the club in the summer league made the announcement of buying a secured another crucial victory in the bundesliga eric asks him to for more time was among the scorers as they beat a high flying vosburgh on saturday affleck's side are now 7 points clear of challengers life systems 5 games remaining. would deflate his 7th trophy in 18 months i'd buy it but the class think meant as another sign of tensions behind the

scenes that have brought his tenure to you very much or end. pansie flick led by into one of their most successful seasons ever last august's champions league triumph crowned a campaign in which the bavarians also retained the bundesliga title and won the german cup. but things have unraveled in recent months flix comments in press conferences have fed speculation of a rift with the club's porting director. and now he's confirmed that he feels it's time to move on. it's up to find i told the club this week that i'd like to cancel my contract at the end of the season. ended as his own on the fire and it's one of those times in life when you think about things and ask yourself which path you want to take. it's in the following day fans expressed

disappointment that flick intends to leave the club after just 18 trophy laden months. it's very sad they have a great coach and to be honest i think they should get rid of to now because to be honest the coach is so much more important than the sporting director the sport director that is if you can see flick can do whatever he wants he did everything right he won so many titles despite a very difficult personnel situation. now by an executive board has released a statement saying they disapprove of flick making the news public with the team facing 2 crucial games in the coming week buying a well on course to win their 2nd blunders liga title under flick but the latest developments suggest a marriage that seemed to be made in heaven is set to end in a messy divorce. there is a mind of the tough star we are following for you germany has been painfully do it suddenly any 80000 people who have died of course at 19 chance and on that america

was a lot of top officials of the commemorative ceremony here that live in his eulogy to the victims in germany president frank of time i have to survive the time to make doc time that has left deep ones. you're watching the dog in years up next the documentary film contest of the cathedrals they're from an east period. i. offered. you feel worried about the planets which are. funny of how stuffy on the green fence podcast and to me it's clear remains true. joining critique sides of the green transformation has remained for you for the council.

this is what the 1st christian churches look like. in the roman empire after the crucifixion christianity was a persecuted religion. its followers forced into hiding buried their dead in catacombs like this. and they also worship here in the presence of the dead. in the 4th century pope domiciles the 1st transformed this script into an underground church. the earliest christians believe that their physical reza. erection was coming soon that they would be led to heaven by christ the light of the world so they had little need of church buildings. but 1000 years later great

stone cathedrals stretched up to the sky like fortresses of god as here in shire my christianity had long become an integral part of the lives of people in the middle ages. and this era so our rulers competing to erect ever mightier symbols of their faith. my i've. in mind these researchers studying the period stumbled on a piece of evidence and attracted lots of media attention. the protestant church of st john had been due to get a modern heating system installed but the neat the floor of the church clues going

back 1000 years were revealed. excavation director archaeologist greed ofa conny and representatives from the protestant and catholic churches watch fascinated as a stone sarcophagus weighing 2 tons was uncovered its location in the navy in front of the altar suggested that it was the final resting place of a high ranking person possibly the medieval bishop of mines aircon bought c c c. for the 1st time in a 1000 years the 700 kilogram lid of the sarcophagus was raced. smite the person buried here really be bishop ecan bart archbishop of mines until his death in the year 1021 if so it would. prove that this was the location of the city's 1st original cathedral. the question may seem

unspectacular to non-specialists but for the researchers the remains contain a wealth of information about the period known as the romanesque. us. the world at that time was the result of a remarkable historical development until the 4th century christians had been subject to bloody persecution but then came a revolutionary turn of events one that led bishop eusebius of caesar ria to eulogize the roman imperial power that had previously threatened him he wrote the emperor came among us christians like a heavenly angel of god he was referring to the roman emperor constantine constantine had suddenly decriminalized christian worship and for christians he was an emissary from heaven and the patron of the church.

from then on churches became callouses the pantheon in rome was a temple in which the ancient romans had worshipped their gods this don't structure became the model for the buildings are directed to honor the christian god and his earthly representative the emperor. in the eastern roman empire the byzantine empire the hunt you know sophia in constantinople became the largest church in christendom. $10000.00 laborers built the giant basilica adorned with the magnificence that the imperial court saw as its $25.00 centuries after jesus died on the cross the christian church had become a highly political body. the imperial splendor of the south. eastern reaches of the crumbling roman empire stands in sharp contrast to the more modest style in the northwest there from the start of the 9th century charles the 1st king

of the franks ruled as successor to the roman emperors. charles later called charles the great or charlemagne built a church and often as a sign of his sovereignty. and he also copied the ancient symbols of the former roman empire. the palatine chapel in aachen is a domed building like the hug of sophia in byzantium. in the year 800 when the newly crowned emperor charlemagne climbed the steps to his throne it was an important advance for churches in the west. colonist inside of the effort to audio tapes charles permitted much chlorella he

and his empire has he allowed the various ethnic groups in his dominion to have their own laws languages and customize at least of course and far across a large realm he standardized the religious service that article practice the implementation of god's will for god to because this can only be unique in an ambiguous field or people may lead their lives in many ways but there is only one way to god to quote i'm titus. and from then on the task was to enforce the unity of faith in the frankish empire and for that charles needed his bishops the 3 former roman settlements tria cologne and minds became his most important archdiocese. but soon the bishops were vying to expand their own power and prestige. tree or in the west soon reached its limits. cologne was able to. to extend its domain northwest up to the north sea coast. mines was the most successful of the 3 soon the influence of the bishop of mines

reached from ferritin in the north to coeur in the south and far into the eastern territories. the man who so energetically advanced minds his influence around the turn of the millennium was buried here in st stephen's church built on the highest hill in the city. the mortal remains of archbishop villegas have lain here to this day. villegas sought to underscore the superiority of the diocese of mines for that he developed an ambitious architectural plan at the end of the 10th century.

the idea was to replace the old wooden cathedral with one made of stone much larger than the mighty abbey built by the monks of russian whole island in like constance . it was to be a pole a shell church with a painted wood paneled ceiling the walls were to be painted too with scenes from the bible. people of the time rarely saw pictures and villegas was convinced that the church would make a lasting impression on the faithful and lead them to god. and he was also convinced. that his cathedral would reinforce the importance of his diocese he would be the man to crown kings the son of

a right religious had surpassed his humble origins to become regent of the empire and the pope's vicar. his personal incident and we'll found its way into the coat of arms of minds bill against his plan to acquire coronation rights seem to be on track his cathedral was to shine like the heavenly jerusalem. in the year 1009 the moment had arrived for the largest building north of the alps to be consecrated. but then disaster struck on the day of its consecration villegas his church went up in flames. really is resigned and asked the villagers aspired to be the 1st among the bishops and archbishops of the kingdom of the east bronx in germany and he reinforced that by building an imposing cathedral on. a stone structure demonstrated the archbishop's

rank and he wanted to highlight that and. it was particularly tragic that the cathedral building immediately burned down just as it was being consecrated for the value you dop and. essential a forecast the burden that would place on future archbishops after all a diocese without a functioning cathedral was unthinkable its i'd forgotten the state. this are conflicts that the archaeologists opened in st john's church in mines is closed again the body inside was left to rest in peace the lid of the coffin vacuumed clean. only microscopic samples were taken to glean definitive information about the dead man's identity. among the material is this golden thread it is part of an edge it made of real gold that was lying close

to the head of the corpse mathias hind soul is a conservator and a specialist in metal alloys using a reflected light microscope he studies the structure and folding of the gold alloy and measures it with micro meter precision. a comparison with other finds suggests that the thread was part of a gold edging of a chaucer ball of bishops liturgical vestment the dead man dressed in the garment was undoubtedly a cleric probably a bishop. but the sample taken from the area of his left upper arm is even more conclusive. it's a fragment of a larger piece of fabric to which are attached to small pieces of edging made of

dark silk. despite the decomposition of the material even now 1000 years later the microscope reveals that it is of animal origin. and that it's got its clock here we clearly see the scaly structure like overlapping roof tiles of the epidermis layer if it did i miss fished and in the middle we can still see a bit of them a dull or a canal mark. on course and these 2 properties and the cape clearly that this is war of violet in. wool that suggest a garment called the pallium this will and band is seen in illustration since the early middle ages it's a kind of stole that even the pope wears and that today is still conferred on his

archbishops. it is done from the wall from 2 lambs that the pope blesses every year for the archaeologists it's another clue to the identity of the buried man. a scalp thus the good evil they said once it was clear that the piece of fabric we had found was wool or dozens of this hole also had a silk edging fals god has pulled this to us that it was a poly i'm on of the man who wore it was an off bishop when the 2 fields in the carbon 14 dating of the other fabrics on poles gave us the final certain time allowing us to say that this is. the archbishop could if the 1000 of years ago and you pressed ahead with the reconstruction of minds cathedral the whole fall dispensable most full on sleep. that was the conclusive piece of evidence showing that today st john's church

stands on the side of minds his 1st cathedral and that archbishop aircon bought the successor of villa guess was laid to rest here presumably because the new cathedral was still under construction following the devastating fire. it seems that out of respect for the old church the new site had been chosen not exactly here but right close by the archbishop's prestige project was a building intended to make mines a 2nd to rome a central point of the empire where the monarchs would be crowned. the east towers were already standing in aircon vaults lifetime and he himself may have walked this way in the southeastern tower however it would not have been this high back then the towers weren't raised to their current proud height of 55 meters

until much later. despite all the reconstruction over the centuries the interior of mines cathedral still exudes the spirit of the romanesque the solemn darkness and the massive angular stone work that flaunts its solidity. it's hard to imagine how impressive these stone spaces must have seemed to the people of the middle ages who were used to small houses made of wood and mud. with his prestige project the magus had kicked off a contest a challenge not only to his great rival the archbishop of cologne but also to the

powerful rulers who were to be reminded by such palatial churches that god and his representatives stood above them. the 14th century tomb of the influential archbishop page of fun aspect shows how even 3 centuries later the cleric saw their relationship to ground rulers the greatest is he with the right to crown and anoint kings. anointment is described in the book of exodus in the old testament. the sacred annoying thing oil was a means of consecrating priests and prophets. in western europe anointment gradually became customary at the coronation of monarchs. the oil

represents the transfer and majid imation of political power for the ruler. the. the he would thus be ruler by. by the grace of god as implemented by the church and yet in dependence upon it. did this ritual not imply the subordination of the monarch what would happen if the bishop or the pope withheld the unite meant. suppose the cleric did not speak the words and go take in reagan i annoyed the king. would that king or emperor still be accepted by his subjects.

he doesn't push the annoyed mint with sacred oil made the king the anointed of god christos damini and that gave him a dominant position literally what is a must but it also made him dependent on the one who had annoyed at how it could be the bishop or in the case of the anointment of the emperor it was the pope in rome or do you ask a few and this is them function well until there is a dispute over rank between the worldly and the cliche as to call powers call. the dispute over rank between church and state was already smoldering in the 1st century of the new millennium 80 kilometers up the rhine the city of rome as was experiencing friction between the ruling salient dynasty and the new bishop. immediately after his investiture he had begun planning

a cathedral on the highest point in the town vaughn's too was to boast an imposing building that like a castle would highlight the supremacy of the church. the idea was also to rebuild the town in the shadow of the new cathedral. the new bishop. was the right man for the job. poor heart was an associate of the dynamic archbishop of minds hitting us with similar determination he set out to underscore the head gemini of the church. or cart was a talented organizer and as the town administrator favored by villegas he immediately set to work. with bush that you hear calmness in the towers when version arrived here in the year 1000 he intended to show that he was the lord of this town as its bishop and he did everything he could include ing activating his connections at the imperial court decide to get the salience to give

up their property in volumes of food to give up their castle and livan involves to fight off more than a day in a symbolic act as he raised the salience fortress and set up a monastery st paul's church and demonstrates i am the sole ruler here it's been. here. to this day the building retains its 11th century contours although only a few foundation stones from bush hard church are still standing the unique specimens of romanesque sculpture the rare animal depictions all date from the 12th century that's because just 2 years after its hasty construction and consecration in 1018 bush hearts representational palace collapsed. and by the time the new church with its late romanesque colonnade was completed 160

years later or shards ideal of the head gemini of the church had long been called into question and knew a path had been born it was as if the architects had already sensed how the coming period the gothic would bring a new wealth of forms and color to life. the citizens had begun to view this space as their own they'd hear it more to their kings than their bishops and the dispelled salience had already started a competing project next door inch by at. st christopher the carrier of christ the side of whom was believed to prevent sudden death now looked down on changed conditions. to have managed as best as does the assailants have the bad luck to be driven out of the hereditary seat and was on the soup that quickly ordered the construction of

a new diocesan church the cathedral of st mary and. the building that arose in shire under the salience was truly an imperial because he drew no other medieval cathedral on the rhine was such a symbol of imperial power as st mary's cathedral inch by a. looming over the river like a castle it was a high point of imperial architecture a sign carved in red sandstone of a dynastic lane. and wired south before the salient settled there it had been referred to is by cina or cowtown but with the cathedral it underwent rapid urban expansion to become an imperial metropolis. forced out of forms and deprived of much political influence due conrad was anointed king of germany 2 decades later

and ultimately holy roman emperor. a 1000 fields once the staff desire young 1020 for the election of the 1st salient king conrad the 2nd became possible because the last new dossing ruler henry the 2nd had died without an heir for. that's what conrad was a descendant of auto the great and this metra lineal descent was very important for the salient sense of their significance and they saw themselves in a long imperial tradition and. conrad was laid to rest in 1039 wearing a crown with the inscription sower of peace and benefactor of the city. his time as emperor coincides with the high point of medieval imperial rule the conflicts between the emperors and the pope's were only just beginning to simmer.

and the cathedral which he had built as a worthy burial site. himself and his successors was only just started. today had victor i think is the master builder of the world heritage site that conrad had planned as his imposing muscly i'm perhaps too imposing when he died not even the outer walls were complete. the topic like i just outlined. the tragedy was that conrad was not able to experience his vision because the case it is up of london he had the idea of building the largest church in the western world because he died before it was completed he was basically buried in an unfinished construction site and a book of honest 2. that was something new in the medieval contest of the cathedrals and emperor who built

a gigantic burial place for himself and his dynasty one that could compete with the cathedrals of minds and von's. it was a symbol in stone of the emperor's self image one that may have grown in force due to the family's bitter experience and warms but the ambitious plan initially remained in the building phase. because the jewels columned crypt the largest of its time was completed by the time of conrad's death it testifies to his optimism about the future. mankind to so bushfire and us at his visit you will not you could describe it like this he had this vision and the hot the faith the hope that he would be able to make it succeed. and that this idea would be adopted by others that he could kindle the idea in them as him it is a. in 1061 the salience prestige building was consecrated

in all its romanesque glory. but just 20 years later came a surprise the new salient emperor and rid the 4th ordered most of the new cathedral to be demolished. he wanted it to be even larger and more imposing and above all more sophisticated in its design . on the hellish deferred we have this list and that and the highest everything changed and then river falls a tiger to storm us up but he tore down large parts of the cathedral and rebuilt it in another shape because of and no one we can see the biggest change here in the apps which changed from having his straight end to a semi circular one in good. the

transepts were taken down all the way to the stone work and changed in a depth by a restructuring of the facade that in that. owned and the spires will raise your mistyped. has been this is the old only romanesque part of the town and under henry the for what it got its rise is a room with its who. after a few one storm after the crossing tower was also changed although what we see sedate is the baroque era. is that the 2nd street is a later addition to the main change in the interior is the vaulting of the center nave obvious wish to be above abrams middle shift 1st a matter of an hour we believe that in the early romanesque building the ceiling was flat to business to. the central maybe 40 meters wide with the

height of a 33 meters up to the vaulted ceiling and those a very very big dimension is just fine i wasn't good at what immediately catches the eye from outside is the change to the insertion of a dwarf gallery which wasn't there originally after inflation got changes the appearance of the outer wall it was typical of the romanesque with windows recessed into walls gets a fair and not the revolutionary thing about this building is the way its character radiated outward timeless the photo. henry the fools really wanted to build the biggest church in the western world and and here he succeeded i'd say on. in 1106 the romanesque marvel was completed. it's hard to imagine a more imposing building a vaulted ceiling of this size had not been seen in the west since antiquity for 1000 years. and in terms of size spire

cathedral did not have to fear the competition certainly not from horns and not even from minds. and while villegas his work in mines his dark and early romanesque in style henry's cathedral was more numinous. as if it were quietly anticipating the gothic period.