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us from apple's law stops. in. first television screens. then computer screens. now tablet small phone screens. screens have inundated in changed our minds for a full decade now. on the internet social networks games and videos devour one 3rd of our waking hours. the typical preschool child spent between 4 and 6 hours a day in front of a screen of some college. in the air. every country children are spending far more

time with screens than the recommended allowance. there is a proliferation of alarming studies. we're finding dramatic changes in the brain and in the behavior of the surveys so we should be concerned about this. on your runs might be in danger as we white of your 1st book are called because i know what it does to your brain. teenage is going to dictate. today's screen generation really unhealthy generation there's a lot of questions out there are screens ok how much is ok how much is too much for my child. so how do we form healthy digital habits. and what other scientific facts.

at this very moment trees across the whole world studying the impact digital tools have on behavior the brain and medical health. this is a very young literature. let me give you a little perspective. it takes about 20 years to establish an effect in science. 20 years. tablets and the fact that they began to be used by very young children is like morse to 7 year old or 8 years old we're doing it commercially before we have actually done the science i would much rather we do the science 1st and then we say well is it safe or not.

that alone was 1st founded by psychologists psychiatrists and pediatricians after in the field work with children. we had to honey subrata just outside paris. imagine a young mother and her daughter malia in to see dr do you for the 2nd time. you're tearing up where's my princess. only hello man have a seat. we'll talk this over again a bit how is our little malea coming along however she now 2 years and 4 months i was a bit worried because malia didn't talk much she had sudden mood changes too. much in 20 years as a pediatrician talk to you are sick or has witnessed the shop rising screens in

tiny children's lives and the mounting problems all these children have interaction or disorders i have more of them than ever before temperament disorders too clearly difficult children have always existed but there is a sharp rise of those with no concept of limits who balk at frustrations who have fits of anger or language problems poor language skills unstructured language or even none at all. bad alone now. and by the way while out your book you saw him unless you click with the stars you found the news on you. barely 6 months ago mario was spending up to 6 hours a day watching screens morning cartoons meals in front of the t.v. you tube videos on the mobile phone after naps taking the pediatricians advice the mother stopped all of that. there's interaction now whereas before she'd often be on the you just a highly important word interactions it is key here because the screens had taken

the place of interactions that needed to take place between you 2 between dad and her and between you and her that's it so clearly this altered things it did because screens are a major issue in public health to that measure we absolutely must be aware of this . pediatricians waiting it has all the usual prevention campaign based in school but also messages to raise awareness of the dangers of screens. schools are also now wary of screens primary school teachers must cope with an increase in need and language disorders. today many professionals in the field of early child care suspect screens of being a cause of many of these disorders. numerous epidemiological studies conducted worldwide justify the rising concern. for and number of

years people have tracked exposure to screens in young children and what they're found is that on average if there are higher amounts of screen exposure this can be associated with negative outcomes disruption to sleep disruption to attention disruption to weight and disruption to learning. scientists consider that for toddlers ages 3 and under exposure is excessive when it exceeds 2 to 3 hours per day the problem is that the digital offer is sparking growing consumption and it earlier ages than ever. in the 1970s most children didn't start watching t.v. before the age of 5. today screams end to their lives at just 4 months old. or one 3rd of competence under age to exposure currently exceeds 90 minutes by day 10 times to 3 hours per day even 6 in the usa.

in our digital era many children spent over a 3rd of a way to absorbing video content. to the results of this. rather surprisingly it is difficult for scientists to answer that question. the phenomenon is more complex and it appears and experiments that must be carried out to analyze it sometimes rather odd to. dr dimitri christakis heads the center for child health behavior and brain development at seattle children's research institute. he's a pioneer in research on small screens. we're following thousands of children from birth to age 7 and what we found was that the more tell of the. when children watch

before the age of 3 the more likely they were to have attentional problems later in life at school age. he and his team think these programs pace is what causes problems in children's brains. so the hypothesis that we had was that prolonged exposure to that rapidly sequenced media would precondition the mind to expect high levels of input and this would lead to inattention later in life. stated otherwise a young brain regularly exposed to high levels of pictures and sounds would in the long term after problems concentrating on tusks that require time such as reading and writing. but does this unsoiled them bodman set off actual observed problems in children being studied. because it has to be logical studies are always subject to the criticism of the kit prove a causal relationship the next logical step normally would be to conduct an

experiment what we call a randomized control trial in this case that would mean taking infants exposing half of them to fast paced programming the other half to none and following them as we did in our pretty logical studies for 7 years there would be no ethical or practical way to do that and so in a sense we were to the impasse. the only work around conduct the experiment anyway but on young minds. so what we really kind of created was sort of t.v. for mice where we had the sounds corny with these lights to kind of put on a show if you will for the animals. the programs here start the same time every day . we have lots of different cartoons that we layer on top of each other and then we

change the frequency of the cartoon so that the my skin area. we have a lot of lights that surround the cages and we have them flash in the flashes coincide with the sounds that we play out about this show enough to do that for 6 hours per day in the monies that we're giving the simulation to it starts in 10 days after birth and it goes for 40 days. dozens of young minds have undergone the treatment. behavior is studied from every possible angle and compare it to unexposed mice. the result the monitoring 6 hours a day in front of the small t.v. do not behave normally what we find with a normal mouse is that they'll stay around the perimeter here they like to explore but they want to stay safe when we take those mice that underwent the sensory stimulation they have

a much different pattern of behavior so they'll run around the maze like crazy and then they spend a lot of time going into the center of the maze which we would consider to be much more risky and so the way that we interpret that kind of behavior is that the mice are impulsive. heightened impulsiveness producing cognitive problems. tests reveal learning difficulties. or memory capacity a handful of clues attained concentration problems. what we see in humans in observational studies is that exposure to rapid paced programming early in life decreases attention and increases impulsivity and we find the same thing to be true in a mouse model of the current state of evidence and 2019 cell phones and tablets now to i think the existence. they wriggle their way into our relationships even the most fundamental ones. today screens are suspected of harming parent child

relationships. from the how little make up t. about in the beginning the debate centered on t.v.'s being left on constantly running in the background a new t.v. shows unsuitable for tiny viewers a cool this disrupts parent child interactions in today's world the issue is how great the cell phone usage disrupts family relationships just how much does this device which we constantly keep by our side and which steals our attention or disrupt our interactions with loved ones. to answer this question the child an infant lab is currently monitoring 115 families in and around lynch a ping suite in. the aim is to gather precise data on families digital habits and their impact on cognitive development. studies on hundreds of infants demonstrate that the earliest cell phone screens make their ways into

babies' lives the later they begin to speak even parents constant use of cell phones may hinder children's language development however as these studies are based solely on parents reporting the data i'm not entirely reliable. for the 1st time linchpin university will collect precise data on baby's digital environments by placing spine microphones into baby's clothes or carry them listen us on the map and are analyzing those recordings shows what is actually happening. this access to the sounds in the home lets us count the number of words pronounced by adults and by inference the number of interactions occurring today at their corner of market this docs are we can also identify sounds emitted by digital devices of dog and thought you'd. with this method researchers can

detect where the family's digital habits are influencing their interactions with their babies and can evaluate the consequences on their later language development . on hardware that when infants hear very few spoken words their language learning is different as our research demonstrates so similarly the parents who are absorbed with electronic devices tend to spend less time talking to their babies therefore digital habits do have consequences volumnia the consequence. is that the study on growing up in the digital world has only just begun. to confirm that the only presence of screens affects language acquisition even cognitive development we must wait until all these children under study have reached talking h. you know when. you're going programs that disrupt attention spans screen suspected of harming

parent child relationships of hindering language learning. irrefutable proof is still lacking to condemn digital devices definitively but scientists have found nothing key factor. the brains of children under the age of 2 you cannot analyze what is happening on a screen. one thing that we really need to consider is that it's very hard for children to navigate between the 2 d. in the 3 d. world it is hard for them to transfer and formation and to understand that things that are on the screen at the same out in the real world. engines difficulty with screens was revealed in experiments conducted by dr george interest after a psychology professor at vanderbilt university in tennessee. here's one of her experiments on a toddler and they each take a. professor chaucer stuffed toy in a room as the child watches her do things on

a monitor. the child is told to go find it in the room which he has never seen before in real life will he locate the toys easily as if he had not watched the scene on the monitor. the answer is no it's very difficult for them to learn it's more difficult than a face to face interaction and this difficulty with found is about 50 percent less learning from a screen then from a live interaction and this difference is being called the transfer deficit. before each to you and nothing viewed on a screen can be direct. he transposed to real life. to find the neurological source of this difficulty professor rachel bonds team is

now investigating using cutting edge technology. ergo film the brain right in the middle of a deficit transfer. in this experiment klara age 4 must learn viral video chat how to position a toy robots articulated arms and legs. very very. early on i show you. the last thing you think. yes. when the demonstration is run using a screen just like with a stuffed toy experiment most often the children fail but this time brain activity is being measured joining the exam. apparently exchange virus screen does

not stimulate the brain's learning center the same way that face to face interaction does there is more activation in the frontal part of cortex when a baby is learning from a live interaction then when they are copying from a video chat and we think that that's it's only preliminary but we think it's really exciting because it suggests that what the information that you're processing deficit and this could passionately account for this transfer deficit this difficulty in picking up information. wants to bring street virtual action differently from realisation this remains a mystery. however scientists have found a way to palliate this difficulty. when a parent accompanies a child and takes pains to put words to the action on the screen the learning

hurdle diminishes but only someone. the worst. ever come. on screen action remains less stimulating for young brains than real life facts and . therefore any time a little one spend in front of screens is essentially wasted time for them. an awful moment was all a child under 3 has little wake up so this time ought to be used for developing cognitive and social skills and this way i keep a toddler's adult was let's avoid screens altogether for children under 3 just as we avoid putting steak in baby bottles clearly a baby stomach cannot digest solids its brain cannot digest screens.

no screens before age 2 or 3 and that's the official recommendation of most scientific and medical academies worldwide. up to age 5 or 6 they advise a limit of one hour per day preferably accompanying the child. meal times and bedtime should be screen free. what about later that at age 61015 with age the digital non-state becomes more complex in addition to cartoon shows are a video game cell phones social networks so what precautions indeed for big kids. are you a residential area of tulsa oklahoma the local macs have. their

strategy. here as in most american homes life sentence around the t.v. . no meals at the table even homework is done in front of achieving. miranda and the mother makes the meals and spends the rest of her time policing their screen you say. thank you to the contrary going there's enough room for everybody here but this is the best meal that's the best party hard. as there is no there is not is this what you're watching we're not changing that you know why why we're eating ok. screen time rolls and limits are no big deal with trevor and anthony they know the roles and they pretty well stick to their roles and they're grateful that they get. to have screen time with the little

ones. all screen time is definitely a topic of arguments. danny age 8 and charlie age 6 have grown up with console's and cell phones getting up off the couch is always negotiated with video game time. i mean yards. away for an hour ok so it's $512.00 at $612.00 your time is up to date well. why can't i still like strafed the game before the time so it's just all have to wait for this to leave. ok but time starts ok. that's part of playing the game i'm sorry it's fine you'll be fine. in the usa kids under 12 spend an average 4 hours and 14 minutes per day with

screens past age 13 the daily average climbs to 6 hours and 40 minutes watching videos remains the main activity but we must also add time spent on social networks video games surfing the internet. in one school teenager spends more time in front of the t.v. and cellphone than in front of teachers. these crazy screens ranges from fortnight to you tube instagram tiptop twix not fix what's up amazon kindle. is any of these suitable for i don't lessens a critical period of brain development. is already ready to go out. or about to leave. trinity are you ready. this morning trinity age 11 and trevor 12 have a special meeting they've been participating for a year and

a half now in the lotus study ever conducted on teenage brain development are you sitting out for. every 3 months the siblings go to the tulsa brain research institute to undergo a battery of tests. the a.b.c. study is closer to a 1000 children across the country in $21.00 centers there is portland and less angel is san diego salt lake city then there is st louis and then there's obviously tulsa and it's the largest of its kind. for the stage in the day for traffic is to give a detailed report of a daily digital habits. day with the same types of cell phone tablet computer i pod or other electronic devices or i want time for

a day in. social media just not better facebook twitter it's going to. how often do you play mature rated video games by call of duty and the daughter or sister you play video games you watch or stream movies or t.v. shows such as netflix or amazon buy during summer holiday 2 hours 2 or 3 moves awesome. to practices on human rights are a means to identify those that my create problems for developing fundable young brains. and 2nd decade of life you will see dramatic changes in the brain and what happens is that the brain continues to mature during that period and really. transforms from a child's brain to an adult brain the brain develops the neurons kind of move around and shift we see all of those kind of changes particularly in the areas that

we think about our personality so impulse control decision making emotional regulation all of that happens really critically during this period of life. along with travel and trinity functions of teenagers in the study regularly get brain scans. paradoxically to prevent them from fidgeting during the exams they get to watch a cartoon. the study has only just begun but it has already led to a 1st discovery the brains of children who play lots of video games have particular feature is. what i'm showing here are differences for kids who spend a lot of their times playing a video games rather than other types of screen media what we found in our 1st analysis is in the front of the brain or the prefrontal cortex which is responsible for emotional development decision making things like that it's developed a little bit faster than their peers.

we don't know if that's a good or bad thing we don't know if video games cause that or if it just happens to be that kids who have a slightly more developed brain happen to like video games more. on this question is the goal for a 2nd section of the a.b.c. study. memory capacity concentration emotionalism psychological balance. the 120022 things we see individual psychological evaluations at this stage i would say. as long as you're aware of what your child is doing and as long as you don't see significant problems either at school at home with peers i would not worry about it we don't really have good evidence at this point that there are significant problems if you

notice that there are problems because the kid has problems at school maybe is so it feels particularly anxious why has temper trant 10 drums that's when i would look at it more closely. lady cd studies broad conclusions will be reached by the time trevor and trinity are young adults in other words before 2027 . there is nevertheless one issue that these scientists need to address promptly and it is on the minds of parents in every nation with this level of consumption is the new generation slipping into screen addiction. and who she's behind screens strange hypnotic power.

professor offer to read a california state university in fulton analyzes how brains apprehend social networks. and his feeling these outtake asians are optimized to confiscate his time and attention. in face to face almost daily interactions we get several dozen sophie awards per day but on social media we have the same thing on a much larger scale as opposed to getting a few tops on the shoulder a few nice words being said to us we have. andras sometimes thousands of friends that communicate with us and provide us which we ward such as likes such as commenting on our. posts such as repose thing our opinions and so on and that makes us really feel good. thanks to bring imaging pretty secure around has even identified the mechanism that social networks deploying to hijack on your arms

as with most addictive behaviors the robot would say he's involved. through 13th time we see rebooting a stick in the corner of our brains it can show sensations of pleasure. it lights up when we eat when we make love and when we use drugs. our research showed that it fires up also when we are exposed to images of social media and certainly when we see likes on social media so he teaches our brain to want more feet and over time the system can become very sensitized so it responds almost automatically to any cues that relate to social media and by automatically i mean you cannot even control the behavior because it's too fast your brain just as you i want that you do that we thought every day opportunity to reflect and say to us if a stop for

a 2nd. then for their own sakit skin twain is turned off by social networks to monopolize our attention. but the mechanics involved i'm moving the still because the likes can beat any moment. for our brains they often unpredictable random moments. and i asked professor skin i say to these famous pigeon experiment it's the best way to set off compulsive behavior. and what he has demonstrated. if we expose pages to a fixed schedule for the ward by giving them food every 'd fixed number of times they pick let's say 5 times a day repeat the b.s. you're bothered to not go crazy about it in contrast when you expose them to a viable schedule for wards now it is not fixed maybe after 5 packs they get over

the food maybe after 10 sometimes after 20 packs then the pages would go crazy they would seek their reward more often they would pick more and they would continue pecking even after the reward is terminated. only these power of random rewards for behavior is a constant in the animal world. is works in rats in monkeys and even most and in humans the game industry has long prospered by targeting the psychological fun ability sexual networks are merely recycling the recipe in order to better capture our time and our attention. have we then unwittingly become the internet's pigeons. as the world become one gigantic skinner box where we wander about searching for small rewards scouted by the giants of the way. the

pigeon experiment mange or smiles but the underlying issue is serious. the digital industry strategies for capturing attention a full steam at work. we pick up our cellphones $200.00 times per day on average. and for video game as the phenomenon is even more impressive. for some gamers the protest vote is on drug addiction. an officially recognized pro. i'm in the medical field since june 28th in. there where the president requested a covering letter. to develop like ok. this is a killer cause you destroyed big bear. everybody who indulges in gaming from time to buy doesn't have these disorders in fact it's only

a minority of people who game who respect us for the great deal of you for giving this order and there is a need and demand for people meant from many regions the words. the w.h.o. stipulates that the diagnosis applies to place whose lack of control in gaming has harmed a social and family lives they schooling all professional lives for 12 months at least 4. percent is dedicated to this new type of addiction opening up around europe. even if the reality in video game addiction remains a debatable subject in the scientific and medical wells the dish all industries techniques for keeping game is riveted to their screens and now being blamed in some places around the world. disparage games are often those that involve killing

a maximum of enemies popping up everywhere or which ones they are called 1st person shooter games and can be very violent paradoxically play date these action games actually improve certain brain skills. the unexpected discovery made in this the bar chain. one of the 1st to become interested in what goes on inside game is brains. it all started in a 2 thousands when a student at the lab a big video game playing self measured his only attention skills with a test that he had just developed. it was task was programming an attention test on the computer. and he kept thinking there was a bug in his computer code because he was perfectly doing the task he didn't have any lapse in attention he was 100 percent correct all the time which according to

the literature should not have been possible. and then we work together and we discovered it was not a bug in his in this computer program it was really about in his brain because he was a video game player at the time. since then scientists are fairly well can find this unexpected discovery gamers who practice these fans person shooter games. got the highest test scores for attention. to the 1st thing to know is that we're going to measure your attention span for that we need you to look straight ahead so i'm going to ask you to put your chin in the small device. ok i'm sure there is i'll give you instructions from this room but what you see on the screen is a certain number of smileys in a certain number of yellow smileys the blue ones will become yellow by the end one

of them will have a question mark on it and i'll ask you to tell me if it was blue or yellow at the start of the test ok. most people can do this whether they are gamers or not if there are 3 blue dots at the start they're relatively easy to track with for the job slightly harder with 5 we tend to lose a good number of non gamers there was 6 only diehard games can pull it off some of his attention or task have been linked to improvement in everyday life such as for example being less likely to have accidents especially in elderly population greater attention means better at delivery at both focusing on the driving the road ahead but also detecting like you know the dog that may be coming by or the kid with a balloon that may be coming from the side of the. stairs and the most interesting aspect is getting people who aren't initially gamers to play action

video games or without action is so when we do that and we train them for several days a week what we see is that those who played action games are able to move up from 3 darts to 4 dots. however those who haven't played action games stay in the skill range of 4 blue dots. it was quite inspiring to suddenly see something as mundane as playing 1st or 3rd person shooter games have a rather. expected effect positive an expected effect on core attentional function top down attention is resists ability to serve your volition they. so it's something very common to very self driven and so that suddenly having a tool to and hence that aspect of attention seemed really interesting for

a number of therapeutic applications. a video game as treatment. the apparently crazy idea has nevertheless given birth to a game developed in a west coast the bar chain in the usa. it was designed to treat attention disorder is. my main goals are to both respond to only the red aliens by collecting them which involves a button press and to ignore all the other so that's a selective attention decision. at 1st glance you might think it is a platform game but the list of functions to perform the complexity the pacing and that you ration calibrated to push the brain to its limits on specifically to reinforce attention skills. are at play for a long time. about the best there are people that are but i'm perri get out of. the

target and. clinical study evaluation of the games efficiency against a placebo the tests carried out on $350.00 with attention deficit it's revealed significant improvements in the concentration capacity. as with any medicine the prescribed dose each must be respected it can deliver the experience. with pace that the intervention requires and the mid to use to 30 minutes per day there are many macan isms where you can actually control. the intake like the diet of the use you can make sure that the me. character are getting tired after a certain number of minutes and they will not be rewarding to play. for if american health officials approve it as an effective medical treatment even though will

become the very 1st medical video game on the market. the bar a tree is already working on new digital therapies. virtual reality may soon become another treatment for memory disorders. while paradoxical from all appearances videogames in medicine testifying to the multiple uses of digital devices. neither intrinsically good nor bad it all depends on who uses them for how long and above all in watch way. according to experts at high doses screens do hinder children's development so for the sake of caution no screams ever before age 3 and after 3 accompanied if possible. research on teenagers is still underway but screens addictive power makes the most

vulnerable among teens move from a child they also make existing problems was. given the already exorbitant place that screens now hold in our lives moderation is advisable the spread of 5 networks is sure to fuel. for all things digital. a temple service that was once a respected profession in india. today this. so-called devon things are being forced into sexual slavery. their greatest hope is that their daughters will have better opportunities in the future thanks to education going.

3 times. a year to minutes on t.w. . we have important numers. smoking is healthy. pesticides are good for the games global warming doesn't exist. don't believe us. not yet if. you have a great american. industry is controlling your thoughts there are times to. find. it's not easy to spot i'm saying one thing saying another. the great books of the 20th century. present day hoaxes. and who's

behind the. news manufacturing ignorance starts may 3rd on d. w. . movie. this is the news live from. the world mobilizes to turn around the coronavirus crisis in germany and the european union has medical aid on the way so do the. states and britain countries are sending oxygen and other supplies desperately needed to keep people alive. also on the program putting an end to resistance russian prosecutors try to label insane of on his political party as extremist if they succeed his

group will be banned from taking part in elections and from posting political.