workouts is going to put the spacecraft to certain altitude but then the satellites need to reach much higher out that you and the way we're going to do that is by users faster so it's a lesser system for fire fighters it's designed by a company that didn't really know how to do space and it's much cheaper than more traditional tests. once superset is done with all the assembly again and we really want to avoid human errors so the way we're going to do that we're going to take a picture with cameras here and the pictures of it being take it will be compared to a reference picture and based on the do differences will be able to save some us have done a good job or know. with human error essentially ruled out high volume production is possible with short turnaround times. when you're doing some place of the kind it's easier to get cheaper and the record price. terms of testing we are doing

less testing so we need fewer people. and draw from our order of magnitude is maybe a bit more than $100.00 but if you want to buy the stock large if you have a year roughly a 1000000 and if you want to void your sobriety it will be way more than. one web and also google space x. and amazon and plan to offer their internet services everywhere on earth in the process of getting 4000000000 people online. london based one web has no official license from the country's airspace also rhetoric and sees itself on a mission to bridge the digital divide. the company's current and potential future clientele includes banks and lines shipping companies industry disaster relief agencies and the military.

and consumers will initially be able to book the service by a local telecom providers and is already seen in the mobile phone sector the prices will be lower in africa than in germany for example. my gainsay previously worked in systems engineering for nasa and as part of the design team for the one web satellite constellation the company was the 1st among the competing consorted to receive approval from the international telecommunications union a united nations agency. and that license is absolutely mandatory for providing the service the one word system uses radio frequency spectrum in order to send information. to customers to provide this broadband internet connectivity you need spectrum and so a span of radio wavelengths in order to transmit

information at high to raise the. spectrum that you have the more data that you can provide and because you are used to these these broadband speeds of being able to stream video and send information very quickly back and forth we need a lot of spectrum in order to provide that type of service to so many people. designing a constellation of satellites in constant contact with each other and the earth is a complex undertaking. it involves a number of technical process is to function at the same time process is that have no precedence. the brain of the constellation the ground network operations center is in london it's headed by alan here at. home where my responsibility for looking after a the ground network so we're going to call functions 1st of all we provide

situational awareness so we look for anomalies in the ground network where they occur we work to resolve them scripts. and secondly we do what we call a resource part and resource plan is really the crane's of how the system works which brings together the ground network can turn has spacecraft and the payout to natural user you change the ground stations run automatically and the fitted with 30 antennae each maintaining contact with 30 satellites. there are currently just 2 fully functional stations one in spitsbergen norway and the other on sicily to complete global coverage distributed across the planet you would need just 45 ground stations into connected. pretty quickly as you say we're going to be scaling up. q 2 next year we're going to be out in 3 grass stations every month since

a huge ramp october. doing today today is all about testing and integration next year is all going to be about drinking you know which cross stations and. the ground stations always seek the best possible connection to the satellite that's closest to the user and can provide the best possible bandwidth. the relevant signal shifts from one satellite to another with the use the remaining blissfully unaware. the one web consortium is currently ahead of rivals google space x. and amazon and by the end of 2021 it hopes to have a constellation numbering $650.00 satellites going to either way the earth's orbit is set to get a lot of traffic in the near future how will the engineers ensure that there are no collisions so something we're doing at one where is is actually enhanced seeing our safety by separating each plane in the cost solution so there are multiple planes

of multiple satellites each and if they're all at the same altitude you have the sort of crossing point more salaries are zipping past each other at very high velocities so what we do is we separate those crossing points so the salaries are actually not zipping past one another when that means as we're actually in some regards we only have to manage a single plane at a time and you can apply that same principle to other cost solutions so we are maintaining. many kilometers of separation between space x. space x. is separate from the type or the amazon constellation and that's a very important safety detail to make sure that operators are not trying to launch an operate hundreds of thousands of satellites within the same amount of space. satellite constellations not the only inhabitants of. those serious traffic in the

media down to space in addition to count. disused satellites there is spent rocket elements fragments of exploded spacecraft and other space debris circling the planet the result is a growing orbital scrapyards now comprising 20000 objects with a diameter of 10 centimeters or more they're joined 570-0000 smaller objects over at least one centimeter in size and the speed at which they move makes them extremely dangerous. so if there is a question space it can be catastrophic objects in earth's orbit are typically traveling around 25000 kilometers per hour and even a small object say 10 centimeters can carry enough energy to fragment a large satellite into thousands of pieces and so if such an event occurs now you go from one cell in one piece of debris to thousands of pieces of debris

and uses those pieces of debris might carry enough energy to again fragment a different satellite and so you know there's a sphere of a sort of chain reaction where one collision creates degree that debris strikes another satellite creating even more debris. there is still no rules on the behavior of satellite constellations whether traffic related or on safety or aesthetics the only stipulation is a ban on stationing weapons in earth's orbit and that the satellites have to be safely after 25 years. one webb has decided to let its satellites expire in the atmosphere after an operational life of just 5 years. the major space going nations are working on sophisticated nira radia systems to prevent like collisions gemini's air space center. the d.l.r.

is using a missile defense system from the german military in conjunction with the famous found hole for gazelles shaft research group. radar facility outside bone in western germany is the only one in europe that can track and depict of jets in orbit up to 2 centimeters in diameter manuel metz and his colleagues have been conducting precise measurements on space debris in order to prevent the need for a vase of action by active satellites. women and if you have an object that you are especially interested in because it is threatening to combine it with your own satellites then you can use your system to real measure its orbit and obtain more precise data as you can this physical

presence that gives you a better risk assessment of whether a collision is actually imminent or whether such a collision can be ruled out and that. there are several collisions every day is a sieve many of us are only needed 2 or 3 times a year. but the scientists models project a collision in orbit triggered by space debris every 5 to 10 years just how crucial this surveillance is became clear in early september 29th teen when a satellite in the space x. starling constellation was approaching a weather satellites belonging to the europeans space agency. who. say tried and failed to persuade space x. to take evasive action but with no response from the american company the agency had to force its 400000000 euro weather satellite into a collision avoidance maneuver where the space x.

was unwilling to take action or in k. . due to a lack of control over the satellites remains unclear so long for value the systems work really well and have a very high level of reliability operating the satellite constellations there's no problem for once we get into an area right in the range of tens or 20 percent things start to get really critical then these constellations can become a problem within themselves and between each other and that can lead to a cascade effect where more and more space debris is created. back radar facility near bowen is among the leading lights in space surveillance. has a limited range of sight it has to be told approximately where an object is in the sky in order to conduct precise measurements. the teaser facility is immense compared to the german experimental space surveillance and

tracking radar. a new elektra nicky controlled radar system that observes the near earth zone of space within milliseconds based on semiconductor technology the radar will be the 1st in germany to track active satellites and space debris 247 also creating an orbit data catalog that helps to prevent collisions. down is in charge of gemini space situational awareness and which will work together with guest on data collection he seriously concerned about the satellite constellations currently being assembled. dusty one of the could be the problem of the electric drive systems and the one website alerts do not allow hard delta vees or speed increases. the plan is to deploy the fleets in an orbit of around 500 kilometers and then

slowly push them to 1200 kilometers through the most. emanated belt and then bring them back down at the end of their lifetime. when. it's a problem similar to sending a family of snails across a major road during rush hour this. would incur knowing. there's a major risk of collision not least because the electric propulsion systems do not give the satellites much scope for a base of action. mr also produces. the data from the t.v. radar system and from guests collated it germany's space situational awareness center near the dutch border. the german armed forces and the german aerospace center worked together at the nato communications and information agency unit their radar systems can only track the near earth zone and knots geostationary orbit so

the center also uses telescopes to surveil satellites that are high iraq and there are already concerns on the ground over the 1st satellites launched by space x.'s starlink constellation. from the launch of the past 60 standing satellites. is relatively high. and that can lead to interference through observations in near. normal doses the problem feared by astronomers growing population and. many satellites in the low and medium. will reflect on. and in those areas of observation telescope coverage will be compromised. not surprisingly some of the traffic in the low earth orbit is from military

sources the relatively close range of 502800 kilometer is a convenient one gathering meteorological and geological data and the spying no where else in gemini did the armed forces and the civilian german heiress they sent to work so closely together could represent a region see the one where constellation with 6 satellites launched today all on one orbit. this is the stunning constellation with 10 times the number of satellites spread across different orbital planes. and this constellation is likewise set to grow significantly in the future. they are totally sure i'm sure anymore if you were told of a large number of electrically powered satellites being introduced into critical orbit hearts will definitely post questions. let's not so far as a day in the final phase of the satellites deployment this will also present a bigger challenges for global surveillance systems than is the case with the

current population and all of it. so we have to prepare accordingly and continue to expand our capabilities of a cloud white house for. the importance of protecting critical infrastructure such as weather g.p.s. and observation satellites was highlighted in march 29th tain the indian military shut down one of the country's weather satellites in order to demonstrate its strategic space capabilities the satellite broke up into 6 and a half 1000 pieces of debris which then spread around the globe to speed of 35000 kilometers per hour. the interesting thing in this area is not so much the massive deborah that stay on the rig. you know all right there's the parts move by kinetic energy. of course i

was a threat. since you can. china has also demonstrated its ability to destroy a critical infrastructure in low earth orbit. don't tun in south korea is just a 2 hour car drive from the border to north korea everyone here is aware of the threat from the north's missile system and it's here that one web is working with intel and south korean specialists in maritime satellite communications intel and is making the satellite antennae for the ground stations and use the terminals that can pick up and relay the signals from the satellite constellation at any point on or. the koreans were chosen due to their experience in maritime communications where the transmitter and receiver of signals are both moving the idea is to adapt that technology for

internet access in self driving cars permanent connectivity will become increasingly important. steve chan and kevin other visionary minds behind intelli and the many country or is still challenge but we have all the solution now so it is a fix so far i think the best soul is more so than me as i can or should and also maintain a tractor trailer. we are developing using now but leave your base or visually seller is moving so that means all we have to. go by ship or by satellite. means there are all sorts of accuracy so even though the worst case is poor we have to bury. accurate track to be 0 and we can maintain our connection so there could

be our challenger for your future so we'll try to overhaul. rotating parabolic antennae at the cutting edge of current technology but a few years from now there might well be new antennae available based on semiconductor technology this is a company. with a. business of your future intel but this one is no mechanic or body it's right of the composer here where there is a some electronic circuit inside electronic circuit is real name. itself so this kind of doesn't make the mechanical. motion and very accurate and also very small. whether by sea. the idea is to ensure easy connectivity for people using all means of transportation in addition to those who are stationary.

this facility near seoul tests radio communications with objects in the earth's. a group of engineers headed by physicists now bain's spent several months focusing on one specific task proving beyond doubt that an internet connection can be established on 90 days in a row via satellite constellation that test results would determine whether one website writes to transmitted the frequency spectrum approved by the international telecommunications union would be confirmed it's a milestone the team eventually reached in 2019 satellites were launched in february of this year and we want to show proof of concept that it works so we want to be able to send signals up to the satellite but down again and prove that we can send traffic at very high speed. and therefore realize some of these services you

know high speed broadband services that we want to offer the world so this is a perfect testing ground we've got the regulatory clearance here to do transmissions and receptions. could a system initially comprising just 6 satellites in orbit stream internet video content from germany now danes and his team were also eager to see how the experiment pans out. what we'll be doing is where we're going to present the earth shall rise up and getting content from there over to our modems on to the terminals themselves up to the satellite back down again and then all the acknowledgments coming back to across the internet so we can keep on streaming just here we just got 3 more minutes and then the satellites will be coming out over its satellite flies it takes about 3 minutes and then the next.

1010 seconds. there. we're now live streaming video from deserted you have to. travel. their work briefly in the quality of the signal wasn't good enough so it lost lost connection but. we try and we're still in testing we're testing the circuit so optimizing the system to get better and better performance better latency. improved quality of video the satellite ok well thanks everybody for joe thank. you. providing sufficient bandwidth for streaming videos in full h.d. will require the launch and deployment of far more satellites and more ground stations. over in the

united states one webb has a 2nd ground station not far from washington d.c. . the constellation satellites can be controlled from here and from headquarters in london. daria corinne is responsible for coordinating the constellations flight maneuvers she and colleague ny ritchie control individual satellites. here the 2 experts are conducting extensive tests connected to automatic control routines. it's a system that i want to trust but at the same time as a human i want to make sure i'm checking all of all of my checks and balances making sure that everything is ok with the tally before we proceed to the next step because again this isn't a simulation we have to take our time and we have to be as humanly perfect as

possible how many controllers will be required to pilot a mega constellation of several 100 satellites this is well artificial intelligence will come in to assist the human operators i believe we're going to be having one controller for about 20. 30 so it's maybe even more we're trying to automate our system so that one person can handle as many satellites that is needed within our crews because i mean like you said we're not going to have a one to one ratio and we need to learn to automate our system so that when we see issues on board if our problems can't do it manually then automatically our system should be able to handle it it's kind of a walk before you run type of i guess philosophy so instead of having so many satellites up at 1st we deployed you know 6 and then we could spend a significant amount of time kind of getting to know them i can make a new friend basically just deciding you know this satellite is capable of this and

it's not capable of this and ball i kind of adapt to the constellation as it grows to because of our ability to understand the vehicles for months we've you know since launch for 6 months now and we have gotten a good idea of the types of tools that will need in order to use you know sustain a mega consolation and in addition to the technical challenges there are also no end of regulator reopens tickles to overcome it's all right. all right. kelly into a team of trying to convince more than 200 different countries and territories to grant one web commission to provide services. every person in the world wants access to information and entertainment and they may define that differently and their country may be concerned about what access they have but even a country like north korea wants their people to have access to certain kinds of

information right and so every country in the world wants their people connected they may want to control the way they're connected they may have concerns about data protection or security but they want their people connected and so even north korea even cuba. even india china russia they're all interested in conic to conic to that is the key to the future. internet access in north korea china and russia is regulated differently than in germany what surprised the company was how more democratic nations also tend to demand an emergency off switch before giving approval to internet access via satellite constellation you know what even the united states ask for an off switch. every country wants a little control over the traffic and it's country and one of the things they say basically is if you cause interference usually you know you'll need to be turned off and you say of course the ideas i'm never going to cause interference we're

going back to the coordination with the other satellite systems i don't want to have to turn off so i'm going to make darn sure that i'm not interfering into anything. one web and it's rival google space x. a commonly neck and neck in this new space race with amazon lagging some distance behind with the high speed internet from low earth orbit will actually be commercially available by the end of 2021 is still hard to say. south korea has the fastest mobile internet on the planet and practically everyone here has high speed connectivity via terrestrial all mobile networks. and it's here that now things in his colleagues are working towards a future where every person on earth could have fast internet via satellite provided that governments allow it.

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been seen before. back on channel starts with a full $26.00 on t.w. . this is news and these are our top stories india's capital delhi has extended its lockdown as hospitals struggle with oxygen and medicine shortages the e.u. the u.s. and other nations have promised to help with sending medical supplies india is experiencing a surge in cope with $1000.00 infections which have hit a record peak.