you're watching the news just a reminder of our top story india's capital and chain death toll has surged past 200001 of the highest death tolls in the world the number numbers are rising tussock driven partly but a new war in pictures very much. for watching t w news coming up next our documentary takes a look at how the entire planet can be provided with by speed internet from space i'm terry parker thanks for. trying kids. they love flushing wigs and glitter glitter glitter they're fighting against prejudice i got called a voice. recognition a. little stores on the big stage. treats stores may

17th on g.w. . gemini is a leading industrial nation that still has many areas that desperately lagged behind on the telecoms fronts and that applies to bass land lines and internet access so broadband speed rankings constantly fluctuates germany ranks in the mid thirty's compared to other countries. and while other countries pick up the pace germany is struggling to keep up. might one solution be an extraterrestrial one providing high speed internet for everyone.

the earth's orbit will soon be home to new constellations of satellites in the thousands could they make the vision of fast connectivity everywhere on earth a reality. which regions in germany have the worst internet connection and how is performance measured. the engineering consultancy group p 3 specializes in gauging the signal strength of networks for mobile phone and internet providers. its fleet of several dozen cars ferries it specialists all across europe to detect any gaps in coverage. or the technicians measured the surfing speed just various websites

including the up and down load of data and video streaming aborted transfers and sluggish intermittent connectivity indicate deficits in network quality of the digital isn't and i'm computer for all new phones are being connected to a computer where a sound file is being played and i'm not just kinda scared of the 1st 4 calls the 2nd one vendors are called and once that calls over there's a brief pause for that and then the 2nd phone calls the 1st one just get them and that's repeated all day long so as to objectively determine voice quality of the queue for images we have to cut. the team also use the test websites to check d.s.l. and landline connections on millions of computers worldwide. that enables or left to must pay fee and their fellow engineers and $100.00 to give providers an overview of global networks the information reveals how well or poorly. it is up to

filming the office that he is in and this is data gathered from users around the world. developed a piece of software that is integrated in around 900 apps does the software is into gear and these apps are installed on around 200000000 devices well why on and go and study up for not going to users agree to be involved in network quality assessment this out or register the actual user experience. wherever the user is using their device to download material or view videos we can see in the background how good their network coverage was something very good what our city would want whether it was 3 g. or 4 g.'s which country which provider and a lot of other information we get our information not via the users but via the networks and that's. the biggest bottlenecks in coverage within

germany or in the east of the country but some of the worst internet connection is down in the south west in the area around the town. you're going to add beats has teamed up with other local residents calling for free internet and the local authorities are also helping to set up wife i hope spots across the area the only alternative is to use mobile phone providers across the border in switzerland obey it as a price as of yesterday the strides in its coverage from switzerland was great here is that i have a weak signal for a german that works once and strong signals for 2 swiss want to be exposed in kind of a kind of being unable to access data was on the road is a major problem for companies from and services lies the company. i can't do after sales or carry out charges or orders my code i can't give my clients any information this into getting students. and the emergency services can't get the data and information they need to help people who had an accident.

some areas here are so remote that network providers are reluctant to invest in installing broadband cables and that includes places along some of germany's highways and non-urban roads democratic side of project. so you can't use the time on the road for a couple of phone conversations because the call will cut out every 2 or 3 minutes so you have to reconnect it's not worth it for the best kind telephone. they are loaded one problem kind of people who have an accident out here might get lucky and pick up a couple of radios otherwise they have to walk to the next inhabited building and ask for systems basically like a mere 900 more in someone but those beautiful landscapes can also cause major headaches when it comes to expanding network coverage is probably most of the problem is the demography high but not 2nd in the finale surrounded by the black forest hills features that are unfavorable for network planners. and it's practically impossible to provide that density of coverage with conventional

technology fast i think they can get comments on a location and here too there are companies that are completely dependent on fast broadband connections to the rest of the world. software specializes in the digitalisation of the global working world providing solutions. and interactive management. bads aking and it's home to both the companies are indeed department and its global sales division the company would have had to close its premises in the town had it not been for some smart solutions devised by its own developers. conference is here every day online presentations from remote system configurations and online training sessions and that requires a fast internet connection. and director on trial. in the us so we also need a good connection to back office we have this hunger for data and it's growing

every day. down in the basement the software engineers managed to solve their internet problem by combining a range of different elements to talk of linked up a number of internet connection has a d.s.l. line or cable connection and are planning to throw a 3rd anchor across 1st responder but basically there's an excellent l.t.e. network just a few 100 metres away from here and we're linking up all these lines to create a very fast internet connection and internet from the. technical obstacles alone mean that makeshift solutions like this and not an option for private individuals and that's a gap that you're going add beats wants to fill he and his fellow free internet activists have installed free wife eye in most public buildings in bad 2nd and. you have plaster that's a crystal clear reception they cost more before but it's a big there are providers or most of them offer customers

a voice over ip option was the fatah the advantage there is that people can then make phone calls via y. 5 and for the household with the right contract you can now phone people for free b. and our talks on its own. bad 2nd already has dozens of free internet terminals enabling local people to surf and make phone calls we're going to set his sights even higher however on fiber in the sky a fast internet connection via satellite. harbor in the skies of america starting fiber in the sky is definitely an option but it avoids the need to take up roads everywhere which is what prevents network expansion carol me of art providing the right hand with your view of iraq to cables and laying 3 or 4 or 5 kilometers of cables that's extremely expensive in a hilly area with hard ground fiber in this car comes from above the sky come from everyone has their own direct receiver and high speed internet that is in part a. coup in french guiana is the launchpad to air bus and

arianespace satellites they orbit the earth that an altitude of 36000 kilometers and always above the same point they serve primarily to transfer t.v. and radio broadcasts. the geostationary communications satellites are assembled into loose from. they way up to 6 times and have an operating life of 25 years each satellite is highly complex and custom built and can cost up to $250000000.00 euros. and that's why current satellite based internet connections are so expensive demand for this option however is continually on the rise. as a wrinkle panama has been part of

a revolution in satellite design in recent years from individual components to mass production. in fact today from the design to the dead you very to the customer we can provide such advice and there's that 2 years 1st is quite short. an innovation in power technology systems heralded a new era in satellite construction. for satellites or elbows developed. trick but mission so for us. a big gainer in terms of mass at launch any so along. to have more equipment is on board and to have an it is an interesting a cost at launch as well. geostationary satellites orbiting the earth at a distance of 36000 kilometers. even at light speed

a signal down below needs 500 milliseconds to reach a satellite that's half a 2nd. that delay or latency jaring phone calls means that the people talking constantly interrupted each other . in order to ensure a smooth online gaming experience that time has to be under $100.00 milliseconds while a delay of just 20 milliseconds will cause orchestral musicians to fall out of sync with each other. with effects of internet reception not possible with current geostationary orbit the satellites need to be broke closer to what is called low earth orbit companies planning to install satellite constellations include one web google space x. and amazon's blue were a general. the closer a satellite is to earth the smaller the terrestrial surface it can reach which is

why it would take hundreds if not thousands of smaller satellites to cover the entire planet and that's a problem alone in terms of sheer production capacity. the consortium led by onewhere also includes virgin galactic air bus defense and space and tech giant softbank together they've pulled close to 3 and a half $1000000000.00 to make the dream of global internet access a reality. has provided specific expertise to enable the mass production of satellites. that was a big challenge in fact as you know we are really. experimental. let's say a. big satellite projection but for mass production it was a challenge to provide satellites in. a few days compared to here

where we have an eye here into those integration takes around 9 months and. 3 days which was a really crazy fall for the market and so today we got to let. you know what the way. cities capacity is currently at one satellite day one where plans to launch its global service in 2021 with $650.00 satellites orbiting at an altitude of 1200 kilometers the next step involves the constellation being expanded to more than 2000 units which has in turn required the development of completely new production methods. also as a test engineer he oversees a production setup that manages with a minimum of human impacts the newly designed propulsion systems are also built here in scaled down versions the fuel tanks filled with zen on gas provided by an

unexpected source. here is how the spacecraft is going to move from one point of space to 0.0 workouts is going to put a special ops to certain altitude but then the satellites need to reach much higher altitude and the way we're going to do that is by use of trust or so it's. just for firefighters it was designed by a company that didn't really know how to be space so it's much cheaper than more traditional terms. once superstars don't move all the assembly again and we really want to avoid human errors so the way we're going to do that we're going to take a picture with cameras here and the pictures of it being there will be compared to reference picture envy them to do differences will be able to save ourselves on a good job. with human error essentially ruled out high volume production is

possible with short turnaround times. when you're doing life of a kind it's easier to get cheaper and your work on price. terms of testing we are doing less testing so we need fewer people so it's cheaper and saw from our order of magnitude is maybe a bit more than $100.00 but if you want to buy the stuff loads it will be a roughly a 1000000 and if you want to bury yourself right it will be way more than. one web and also google space x. and amazon plan to offer their internet services everywhere on earth in the process of getting 4000000000 people on line. london based one web has no official license from the country's airspace also rhetoric and sees itself on a mission to bridge the digital divide. the company's current and potential future play on tile includes banks and lines shipping

companies industry disaster relief agencies and the military. and consumers will initially be able to book the service by a local telecom providers and as already seen in the mobile phone sector the price will be lower in africa than in germany for example. mike lin's a previously worked in systems engineering for nasa and is part of the design team for the one web satellite constellation the company was the 1st among the competing consorts here to receive approval from the international telecommunications union a united nations agency. and that license is absolutely mandatory for providing the service the one word system uses radio frequency spectrum in order to send information. to customers to provide this broadband interactivity you

need spectrum that's a span of radio wavelengths in order to transmit information at high to rates the. spectrum what you have the more data that you can provide and because you are used to these these broadband speeds of being able to stream video and send information very quickly back and forth we need a lot of spectrum in order to provide that service to so many people. designing a constellation of satellites in constant contact with each other and the earth is a complex undertaking. it involves a number of technical processes to function at the same time processes that have no precedence. the brain of the constellation the ground network operations center is in london it's headed by alan here at.

home we have moved sponsible for looking after day the ground network so we're going to call functions 1st of all we provide situational awareness so we look for anomalies in the ground network where they occur we work to resolve them scripts. and secondly we do what we call a resource part and resource plan is really the crane's of how the system works which brings together the ground network can turn has spacecraft and the payout of natural user you chase the ground stations run automatically undefeated with 30 antennae each maintaining contact with 30 satellites. there are currently just 2 fully functional stations one in spitsbergen norway and the other on sicily for complete global coverage distributed across the planet you have needs just 45 ground stations interconnected. to frank

quickly as you say we're going to be scaling up. q 2 not sure we're going to be out in 3 ground stations every month since a huge ramp october. doing today today is all about testing and integration next year is all going to be about bringing those cross stations and. ground stations always seek the best possible connection to the satellite that is closest to the user and can provide the best possible bandwidth. the relevant signal shifts from one satellite to another with the use the remaining place fully unaware. the one web consortium is currently ahead of rivals google space x. and amazon and by the end of 2021 it hopes to have a constellation numbering $650.00 satellites going to either way the earth's orbit is set to get a lot of traffic in the near future how will the engineers ensure that there are no

collisions so something we're doing at one where is is actually enhanced seeing our safety by separating each plane in the cost solution so there are multiple planes of multiple satellites each and if they're all at the same altitude you have the sort of crossing point more salaries are zipping past each other at very high velocities so what we do is we separate those crossing points so the salaries are actually not zipping past one another when that means as we're actually in some regards we only have to manage a single plane at a time and you can apply that same principle to other cost solutions so we are maintaining. many kilometers of separation between space x. space x. is separate from. the amazon constellation and that's a very important safety detail to make sure that operators are not trying to launch an operate hundreds of thousands of satellites within the same amount of space.

that's like constellations not the only inhabitants of. the sirius traffic and in the outer space in addition to count. disused satellites there are spent rockets hellman's fragments of exploded spacecraft and other space debris circling the planet the result is a growing orbital scrapyards now comprising 20000 objects with a diameter of 10 centimeters or more they're joined 570-0000 smaller objects at least one centimeter in some cases and the speed at which they move makes them extremely dangerous. so if there is a clinician space it can be catastrophic objects and earth orbit are to plea travelling around 25000 kilometers per hour. and even a small object say 10 centimeters can carry enough energy to fragment

a large satellite into thousands of pieces and so if such an event occurs now you go from one cell in one piece of debris to thousands of pieces of debris and each of those pieces of debris might carry enough energy to again fragment a different satellite and so you know there's a sphere of a sort of chain reaction where one collision creates debris that debris strikes another satellite creating even more debris. and there is still no rules on the behavior of satellite constellations whether traffic related or on safety or ethics the only stipulation is a ban on stationing weapons in earth's orbit and that the satellites have to be safely day over to after 25 years. one webb has decided to let its satellites expire in the atmosphere after an operational life of just 5 years.

the major space going nations are working on sophisticated nearest radar systems to prevent sas like collisions germany's aerospace center d.l.r. is using a missile defense system from the german military in conjunction with the famous found wolf shaft research group. radar facility outside bone in western germany is the only one in europe that could track and depict of jets in 4 bit up to 2 centimeters in diameter minor well met since his colleagues have been conducting precise measurements on space debris in order to prevent the need for a vase of action by active satellites. then when i'm out if you have an object that you are especially interested in because it

is threatening to combine it with your own satellites then you can use your system to real measure its orbit and obtain more precise data as you can this physical better track gives you a better risk assessment of whether a collision is actually imminent on whether such a collision can be ruled out again. there are several collisions every day if they sit maneuvers there are only needed 2 or 3 times a year. but the scientists models project a collision in orbits triggered by space debris every 5 to 10 years just how crucial this surveillance is became clear in early september 29000 when a satellite in the space x. starling constellation was approaching a weather satellites belonging to the europeans space agency. say tried and failed to persuade space x. to take evasive action but with no response from the american company the agency

had to force its 400000000 euro weather satellite into a collision avoidance maneuver where the space x. was unwilling to take action or incapable due to a lack of control over the satellites remains unclear so longer value of the systems work really well and have a very high level of reliability operating the satellite constellations there's no problem but once we get into an area right in the range of 10 to 20 percent that things start to get really critical then these constellations can become a problem within themselves and between each other and that can lead to a cascade effect where more and more space debris is created. the front back radar facility near bowen is among the leading lights in space surveillance. radar has a limited range of sight. it has to be told approximately where an object is in the sky in order to conduct precise measurements. the teaser

facility is immense compared to the german experimental space to valence and tracking radar. a new elektra nikky controlled radar system that observes the near zone of space within milliseconds they stone semiconductor technology the radar will be the 1st in germany to track active satellites and space debris 247 also creating an orbit data catalog that helps to prevent collisions. clown is in charge of gemini space situational awareness and which will work together with data collection he's seriously concerned about the satellite constellations currently being assembled. there could be the problem that the electric drive systems and the one website allowed to do not allow hard delta vees or speed increases.

the plan is to deploy the fleets in an orbit of around 500 kilometers and then slowly push them to 1200 kilometers through the most contaminated belt and then bring them back down at the end of their lifetime. when. it's a problem similar to sending a family of snails across a major road during rush hour. for. there's a major risk of collision not least because the electric propulsion systems do not give the satellites much scope for evasive action. the data from the t.v. system and from. gemini space situational awareness and. the german armed forces and the german air a space center worked together at the nato communications and information agency

unit their radar systems can only track the near earth zone and knots geostationary orbit so the center also uses telescopes to surveil satellites that are high iraq and there are already concerns on the ground over the 1st satellites launched by space x.'s starlink constellation. was a. song from the launch of the past 60 standing satellites is that the prognosis is relatively high. and back a meter interference or 2 observations in near. normal losses the problem feared by astronomers are growing population of tens of thousands of many satellites in the low and medium. will reflect the sun's rays. and in those areas of observation telescope coverage will be compromised.

not surprisingly some of the traffic in the low earth orbit is from military sources the relatively close range of 502800 kilometer is a convenient one thing gathering meteorological and geological data and the spying no where else in gemini to the armed forces and the civilian german heiress they sent to work so closely together to represent a we can see the one web constellation with 6 satellites launched today all on one orbit. this is the stunning constellation with 10 times the number of satellites spread across different overtone planes of this constellation is likewise set to grow significantly in the future. they are totally sure. anymore if you were told of a large number of electrically powered satellites being introduced into critical orbit hearts will definitely post questions. in the final phase of the

satellites deployment this will also present a bigger challenges for global surveillance systems than is the case with the current population and all that. so we have to prepare accordingly and continue to expand our capabilities of a cloud white house for. the importance of protecting critical infrastructure such as weather g.p.s. and observation satellites was highlighted in march 29th teen the indian military shut down one of the country's weather satellites in order to demonstrate its strategic space capabilities the satellite broke up into 6 and a half 1000 pieces of debris which then spread around the globe to speed of 35000 kilometers per hour.

the interesting thing is the area is not so much the massive deborah that stay on the rich. there's the palms move by kinetic energy. transfer. since you can. china has also demonstrated its ability to destroy a critical infrastructure in low earth orbit. don't tun in south korea is just a 2 hour car drive from the border to north korea everyone here is aware of the threat from the north's missile system and it's here that one web is working with intel in south korean specialists in maritime satellite communications in telly and is making the satellite antennae for the ground stations and use the terminals that can pick up and relay the signals from the satellite constellation at any point on a us. or. the koreans were chosen

due to their experience in maritime communications where the transmitter and receiver of signals a both moving the idea is to adapt that technology for internet access in self driving cars permanent connectivity will become increasingly important. steve charland kevin other visionary minds behind in telling an american cio is still challenging but we have all the solution now so cio is fixed so far i think the best soul is more so than me is i can or should. also maintain a track to sarah. and we are developing using now but limbaugh or vision ali. is moving to them is all we have to. i go by ship or by satellite. means. accuracy so. even though the worst

case is poor we have to bury. accurate track to be 0 and you can maintain the connection so that could be our challenge here for your future so we're trying to overhaul. rotating parabolic antennae at the cutting edge of current technology but a few years from now there might well be new antennae available based on semiconductor technology this is a company with a. business of your future intel but this one is normally chemical body is right that we can put here where there is a summer electronic circuit inside electronic circuit to real game. itself so this kind of doesn't make the mechanical. motion and very accurate and also very small. whether by sea land

o. and the idea is to ensure easy connectivity for people using all means of transportation in addition to those who are stationary. this facility near seoul tests radio communications with objects in the. a group of engineers headed by physicists now feigns spent several months focusing on one specific task proving beyond doubt that an internet connection can be established on 90 days in a row via satellite constellation that test results would determine whether one website writes to transmitted the frequency spectrum approved by the international telecommunications union would be confirmed it's a milestone the team eventually reached in 2019 satellites were launched in february of this year and i want to show the proof of concept that it works so we

want to be able to send signals up to the satellite back down again and prove that we can send traffic at very high speed. and therefore realize some of these services you know high speed broadband services that we want to offer the world so this is a perfect testing ground we've got the regulatory clearance here to do transmissions and receptions. could a system initially comprising just 6 satellites in orbit streamed internet video content from germany now danes and his team were also eager to see how the experiment pans out. what we'll be doing is where we're going to visit the earth channel drive up and getting content from there over to our modems on to the terminals themselves to the satellites but down again i know all the acknowledgments coming back across the internet so we can keep on streaming here we just got 3 more minutes and then the satellites will be coming out of it yeah it's

satellite flies it takes about 3 minutes and then the next next. 1010 seconds. there. we're now live streaming video from this at the you have to. travel. the work briefly of the quality of the signal wasn't good enough to serve it lost lost connection but. we try and we're still in testing we're testing the circuit optimizing the system to get better and better performance better latency and. improved quality of video the satellite ok well thanks everybody for joe thank you. providing sufficient bandwidth for streaming videos in full h.d.

will require the launch and deployment of far more satellites and more ground stations. over in the united states one where has the 2nd ground station not far from washington d.c. . the constellation satellites can be controlled from here and from headquarters in london. daria careen is responsible for coordinating the constellations flight maneuvers she and colleague ny ritchie control individual satellites. here the 2 experts are conducting extensive tests connected to automatic control routines. it's a system that i want to trust but at the same time as

a human i want to make sure i'm checking all of all of my checks and balances making sure that everything is ok with the tele before we proceed to the next step because again this isn't a simulation we have to take our time and we have to be as humanly perfect as possible how many controllers will be required to pilot a mega constellation of several 100 satellites this is well artificial intelligence will come in to assist the human operators i believe we're going to be having one controller for about 20. 30 so it's maybe even more we're trying to automate our system so that one person can handle as many satellites that is needed within our crews because i mean like you said we're not going to have a one to one ratio and we need to learn to automate our system so that when we see issues on board if our pilots can't do it manually then automatically our system should be able to handle it it's kind of a walk before you run type of i guess philosophy so instead of having so many satellites up at 1st we deployed you know 6 and then we could spend

a significant amount of time kind of getting to know them i can make a new friend basically just deciding you know this satellite is capable of this and it's not capable of this and i kind of adapt to the constellation as it grows to because of our ability to understand the vehicles for months we've you know since last for 6 months now and we have gotten a good idea of the types of tools that will need in order to use you know sustain a mega consolation and in addition to the technical challenges there are also no end of regulator reopens tickles to overcome it's all right. all right. kelly into a team of trying to convince more than 200 different countries and territories to grant one web permission to provide services. every person in the world wants access to information and entertainment and they may define that differently and

their country may be concerned about what access they have but even a country like north korea wants their people to have access to certain kinds of information right and so every country in the world wants their people connected they may want to control the way they're connected they may have concerns about data protection or security but they want their people connected and so even north korea even cuba. even india china russia they're all interested in conic to vittie connectivity is the key to the future. internet access in north korea china and russia is regulated differently than in germany what surprised the company was how more democratic nations also tend to demand an emergency off switch before giving approval to internet access via satellite constellation you know what even the united states asked for an off switch. every country wants a little control over the traffic in its country and one of the things they say

basically is if you cause interference usually you'll need to be turned off and you say of course the ideas i'm never going to cause interference we're going back to the coordination with the other satellite systems i don't want to have to turn off so i'm going to make darn sure that i'm not interfering at anything. one web and it's rival google space x. a commonly neck and neck in this new space race with amazon lagging some distance behind with the high speed internet from low earth orbit will actually be commercially available by the end of 2021 is still hard to say. south korea has the fastest mobile internet on the planet and practically everyone here has high speed connectivity via to rest real all mobile networks. and it's here that now thanks in his colleagues are working towards

a few chill where every person on earth could have fast internet via satellite provided that governments allow its. crypto currencies more than just an experiment. and it isn't. will not result council in commodity. out just spit cutting. how do you use it and how secure is that shawl mining made in germany.

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