pain from 2 perspectives one is a propaganda campaign directed by the state that is the attempt to overturn the conditions of the versailles peace and that influenced the setting of further post-war conditions. it was aiming to reestablish international solidarity with germany germany wasn't in the league of nations at this point that on the one hand would be a classical political historical standpoint but on the other hand the question is why this campaign stop reading and appeal to so many other people declare war time defeat was viewed as a failure of the military leadership and the monarchy but also a failure of german soldiers although this was not recognised openly the black shame campaign didn't want to admit that campania. time so the blame for the defeat was projected onto the participation of african soldiers and it's a classic case of transmission if you wish when

a class issue but hard on sit on. the leaders of the campaign wanted to publicize reports of mass rapes of german women internationally a few days after the clashes in frankfurt in april 1920 an article appeared in england denouncing the presence of french colonial troops on german soil. the author of the article was the english journalist and labor member of parliament edmund dean morel. morrell felt were tired indy's an article in his article more out condemning the french occupation on the rhine and its use of black troops. which he described as a horror a terrible situation or what's your own and he was already in contact with german officials and was getting information from the off easy edged in want to hit inform what's yours. as far as influencing british public opinion

about the occupation of the rhineland using black soldiers is concerned a number of english politicians and journalists staying in berlin in the last few months have been granted access to a large number of documents pertaining to the conduct of black troops in the occupied region mirelle has used the material he was given to publish a brochure for the horror on the rhine which he has written to great effect it was quite apparent that the horror on the rhine awoke feelings of physical and psychological discussed and everyone. does also i think i'm as into the foreign ministry was always behind the scenes inviting visitors from abroad to come to the rhine land and then go back home and report how horrible things were there before by the thing as a teen. among the foreigners the german government recruited to support the

campaign was re beverage from the united states beverage was raised in the white american upper class she became one of the most aggressive agitator is spreading the tales of so-called black shame. have the men reading our country's lost their minds they are blind be throwing our white race our white women into the abyss i appeal to all of the world's women i peel to all men still worthy of the name help white women white girls and white boys are in danger every day and every hour and this threat will continue as long as the black man is entitled to exercise power over whites in america they hanged each and every black man who molests a white woman these are these racist ideas were widely shared in common as they came from the centers of international and european science and research plus he goal went to conferences. we dish german italian french and british scientists met

at congress as to discuss these issues and they are a peon population were aware of the importance of being white then stain white lies designed by step light. yet the nationalists revulsion and racists were unable to prevent one thing after the war people along the rhine found love the men came from africa the philippines and vietnam the women from germany. grew.

between 19191928 several 100 children fathered by colonial soldiers were born to german women in the german regions along the rhine the precise number isn't known but it could be anywhere from 402-8000 these children and their mothers and their families was socially ostracized from the start friedrich a senior civil servant wrote. unfortunately some of the female population did not know how to defend their morals or uphold the honor of their position and national dignity. with occupation troops in a disgusting way this process and i say sion was of course not without consequences in many cases. a position fronts rosenberger went even further. should we silently tolerate this fact that instead of the light songs of white beautiful well bred intellectually superior lively young germans on the banks

of the rhine we will hear the calling sound of dappled gray low brow the wide nosed chorus half animal syphilitic mulatto. someone from your when they speak of the latter's ation they're presuming that a lot of women from the rhine region had voluntary relations with colonial troops and also bore them children and many nationalist propagandists campaigned against what they called white shane while so that's a very massage and mystic anti women version that says it's bad enough that the french have brought these black soldiers into the country now we've also got all these german women with no sense of honor or patriotism lining up on mass to have sexual relations with these colonial soldiers. the excludes you all the exclusion touched on there of the white woman from the collective of the

germination he is of course racist. he forced out of the concept is that the german population of the body of the people regenerates from within and that anyone involved in racial defilement must be excluded from the body of the german people. of any there is naturally also an assumption that if someone has a darker skin color. he or she can't really be german there you see a deep rooted belief that being german means having a specific ethnic identity. in entity it so your german if your skin's the right color but what about those who have african or asian fathers but at 1st sight don't look like it for example village from there and looks enough. at the impression of him being alien or different and that was basically purely abstractly while you spoke of broad report and dialect so that really like i said

nobody annoys kitchen could clearly work out his origins from his speech. his language defined him as a long established local and that was always what mattered for us well that's rough it was. in 1920 children used to seeing who's afraid of the black man and answer themselves nobody. but it wasn't the same for adults. these are the good born bad indians and the afro german children born from these relationships or in a tough position and the f.n. know they were a reminder of their defeat in the war. on the bizarre tongues they were a reminder of the french occupation force. and they reminded people of the inability of german men to protect their women from

a legit rapist's highest song that means that the authorities already had these children in their sights by the mid 920 s. . they were perceived as a potential threat and portents here the. bargain on one local politician had a radical solution the maturing of half breeds who will soon be capable of reproducing is causing great concern in the fonts so i'm asking you to listen to what's being said. the rhine ministry and the national health authorities to see if we can do something to ensure the race remains pure from colored blood in the occupied territories the privy council dr due to me has indicated that the sterilization of mixed race children could be carried out in an entirely painless procedure it is clear that such a procedure would be inadmissible under current law that's this whole conflict and that cite for this conflict goes back to before world war one the question was what

is the status of legitimate so called mixed race children in the colonies did they inherit their father's german citizenship the racists naturally didn't want that initially this approach didn't take hold but i think there was a point when the nazis broke through for example and very clearly made citizenship a matter of race for the so called rhineland bastards it had a huge impact on their lives and physical safety on feel a couple of thoughts as they are tired you have to see the modern weimar republic and an obsession with race going hand in hand at the same time josephine baker was welling perlin audiences with her banana dance in 1926 others in germany were worrying about the purity of the german race some more thorough tease went as far as to consider forcibly sterilizing the children of the occupation. only a few biographies of occupation children are still known today one of them is about

greg or bards who was born at the edge of the eiffel region in 1921 greg was father was an american infantryman stationed in the rhineland not a french colonial soldier he came from the philippines. grego barnes was the son of my eldest aren't who was born in 1906 at the time michael. when was born my aunt who was 14 years old if you think about it or even today that would be rather scandalous. but imagine what it was like in 1921 in a staunch catholic society where religion was dominant then it was far more shocking . here's. this is catalina kyra crego was mother this is a miracle i am my mother. she was born in 1914 and i think was about 11 or 12 in

this picture and that. those were the 3 sisters that's my grandfather yourself. and here we have had our you know kyra my grandmother and this is great go on here ok. well of emotion because of like i said it was a scandal normally it would have meant total ostracism from the village community but it never came to that of. course of my grandfather and our family i mean my grandfather was one of the founders of the social democratic party here. and he was a really strong individual from the. us and he didn't usually do other people's bidding and also played a role in the village eventually accepting him off he came in 1927 catarina kyra married paperbarks a man shown here. she made sure she got away from my grandfather the minute she

legally became an adult it seems the 2 really didn't get a lot of income the talk to mr clinton. the family and village community protected grego as long as they could but they couldn't shield him from all injustice and persecution greg also vive the war and was accepted in the community as an adult but he would never have his own family. adult hitler had personally made sure of that when the national socialist seized power a sea change in german demographic policy brought people like greg or buds under increased scrutiny the nazis relied on concepts of racial anthropology that had emerged a long time before to support their position the father of racial anthropology in germany was the zoologist and eugenicist and heckle. into the snow incident your

100 skips the end of the 19th century when many publications were looking into the exotic and the wild people visited museum collections to see glass cases full of skeletons and skulls and asked themselves for are we all really one unified human race how do we differ from each other they had already started cataloguing these exhibits and now they began to categorise them in the 1st phillip genetic trees that haykel introduced in the 860000 showed an established categorize ation and hierarchy so better worse higher or lower that in. media in the smarts and that became clear when tabular overviews of categories based on data about skulls hair color and structure and eye color were published for the 1st time they noted the course hair of the papuans or hottentot and rank them at the lower end of the table. then came the mediterranean and the europeans

and then later on the caucasians on top and in meditative on it in spirit and in co cause you know understood the kaiser vilhelm institute for in 3 g. was founded in berlin darlin in 1927 during the nazi period it became the center for research in eugenics and racial hygiene its director was anthropologist organ fish and. fischer also became the intellectual father of the draft law that the national socialists aim to use to implement their racial hygiene policies it laid down that anyone posing a threat to the help of the german race should not be permitted to reproduce this is the sense of you don't know who kisses for this was called the law for the prevention of offspring with hereditary diseases of july 14th 1933 published by one of the s.s. his favorite publishing houses in 1934 it contains the entire legal text and

who was responsible for one. this inhumane legislation was purely about sterilization and its aim was to legalize amber genom eyes eugenic your force or mass their allies ation function is your only goal the syrian lickety me or you're getting me i'm bored. exhibitions promoted public acceptance of the new law their aim was to familiarize germans with the idea of racial hygiene. the need for forced sterilizations was even justified economically but fear for the racial purity of the german people was the main issue. surveys were launched in the nazi heartland of turin jia to help set up a comprehensive database of racial biological characteristics covering the entire population it was the 3rd reich version of big data.

at the end of july 19th 33 just a few days after the law for the prevention of offspring with hereditary diseases was passed both a young anthropologist travelled from berlin to the rhineland. campbell was a member of oregon fishes staff at the kaiser vilhelm institute the objective of his trip was to gather anthropological data on the so-called rhineland bastards arbel measured and photographed $33.00 children ranging from 5 to 11 years of age he had found the children's personal data in earlier studies from the 1920 s. . photographed and measured almost all of the children without their consent or that

of their parents which is why the images have been my. unrecognisable here. later published the findings of his examinations in a scientific journal the children's privacy was violated for a 2nd time. and was the not so not sort of this what the national socialists did using no shape and hair and eye color that was pseudo science because the race is nothing more than a societal construct as it lacks any scientific foundation in the division of humanity into races was and is 1st and foremost a societal and political classification. and if skin color is added as a differentiating characteristic then as present day scientists we must say that skin color is the poorest characteristic you could use to ascertain races on all of us and fists new research shows that everyone was dark skinned until around

a 1000 years ago africa is the cradle of humanity for all peoples africa is for elimination d.v. get a mention the main point of this is that the concept of race should never be used again because there have never been races so needless and gave them this in constructor these are constructs and it is impossible to create an artificial hierarchy of categories using something like hair skin and eye color. under the need of a winter should you wouldn't vagabonds induce digging in high and putting in. an interview duncan one. functional if you see the bust. in fast advice or lawsuits or stool and. then on pulley titian hoods. you can have an of. mine comes.

in april 9. $137.00 chancellor told hitler personally gave the secret order to forcibly sterilized the rhineland so-called occupation children a special unit was set up under the nazi secret police the gestapo to carry out the order. it was called special commission number 3. under high a special commission number 3 was the body that organized the illegal forced sterilizations had all the documents pertaining to the children in question were made available to special commission 3 in the us and is thus what's interesting is that the children's data were supplied by the state authorities responsible for hereditary issues as part of the information gathering process they had written to our district commissioners and mayors ahead of time. young greg or bards from

plight also fell into the clutches of special commission 3 he was just 16 years old . and i know the owner already a few fascists here in the community especially in the local police and there was a local propaganda leader who was an absolutely committed non-survivors i believe they're the ones who reported grego. the widow of the doctor that they pressured mothers by telling them if you refuse to allow your sons to be sterilized then we're going to have to educate them. that meant a concentration camp the mothers knew well well that meant. a lot of us also go on predicting the children would be sent to live in a nazi camp or in a fort on the mosul. was. in june 19th $37.00 special commission 3 summoned to grego and his mother to cologne.

to stop o h q cologne. after consulting with a senior civil servant mr thorne the next appointment will take place at the protestant hospital cologne via on june 3rd at 7 30 am. for wards of the health authorities and duesseldorf where they are usually ordered to appear must be picked up and brought to cologne by car. if contrary to expectations one or more of them fails to appear before the health authorities at the appointed time then the driver will have to collect them. i had to go to cologne to buy a tal hospital that's what it's called today it's a protestant hospital you know most of the catholic hospitals refused to perform these operations so they went to cologne and i had in a family that both of them stood on the bridge over the rhine and fooled about throwing themselves into

a position of lifeboats and. now when most of the strain was 50 s. you cannot emphasize enough what this forced sterilization meant for these under-age children above all it destroyed their future prospects in life. it meant abdominal pain painful scars and persecution that left them traumatized that was all part of the program and the feelings of these children whose owner had been taken who had been told they were a disgrace or that they were only half human that traumatized them for the rest of their lives i'd say. is this oblivious and. elizabeth hellman wrote about her operation in her book. at 1st i heard the rustling of clothing of people hurrying over. and i felt

a dim seething light had my eyes i tried but failed to get a clearer picture. what was actually happening fell away again and again and i floated in a fog of nothingness. my body seemed confined. i reached for carefully. i felt the sack of sand weighing down on me and the pads beneath my niece. only once i knew what happened you have to undo it i bellowed into the operating room. i was mortally wounded. a 1000 times i thought how happy i would be if i got pregnant. and what i could wear in order not to give my secret away the nurses words now you can have intercourse so recounted. i've

recorded this because there will be nobody left who knows my true story after i die . perhaps it will help someone who had a similar experience maybe i can bring some light into the darkness. young vili bartz never got to tell his own life story but his boyhood friend rudolf miller preserved some of it for us 80 years ago in december 1940 rudolf and villi performed in a concert held to mark the day of german family music years ago wrote down his memories of that day. viewpoints after. villa came after me in the concert. although like i said he wasn't

a member of the hitler youth club this evening he wore the uniform the brown shirt was the belt and shoulder strap and the black tie he was almost a bit defiant as he entered in the auditorium adjusted the music stand to the correct height and tuned his violin without haste so his friend was the same age and was already waiting to accompany him on the piano they performed a piece by bach to nod entitled. villi didn't seem to be nervous hardly at all the movements of his upper body were smooth and as the piece ended on a long note he looked over to his partner on the piano who nodded in approval of his and forth i could die then when the audience began to applaud loudly he had 1st looked helplessly to the side and then left in a sudden panic and fled the stage with big rushing steps as if he were running away from something but fans who had hurried off after him forced him back on stage so were only then did really look at the audience and see all the friendly faces and

sense the wave of support that was washing over him and sympathy. and. yes it flowed over him like a warm wind. free he took a deep breath with an awkward little movement. it wasn't until he heard the bravos of some of the girls that the tension drained from him and he felt himself beginning to look forward to a life that offered him more opportunities than he had previously hoped for. and hope to talk to.

and visionary and a pragmatist townsend eternally man. the phone my director of the good to insecure. a restless traveler in the name of the intercultural dialogue. we look back at his eventful career as a cultural ambassador. our 21. and 30 minutes on t w. we

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