a lot going on in. germany tried and tested. 30 minutes on d w happiness is for everyone schumann penises are very different from primates we have a totally ridiculous emphasized view of nature david and this is quite amateur regular sex helping us in the books you get smarter for free. on. running on hydrogen. it's not science fiction but real. fuel cells can power vehicles and he tones without emitting any c o 2 greenhouse gas at point of use. could this help solve the climate crisis. we'll take a closer look on today's program. hello

and welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w. $766.00 of the discovery of the element hunter. in $838.00 the of the hydrogen oxygen fuel cell was formulated sine fibroids or jules verne speculated water would be the coal of the future. but progress was slow fuel cells as a source of electric energy just didn't catch on. but they were used in the apollo missions to the moon many saw the technology as too dangerous and too expensive. but over the past decade interest in the energy source has soared. and germany wants to lead the way in the world. hydrogen.

hydrogen is ever present in our daily lives it's a basic building block of plastics chemical fertilizers and paints it's an ingredient in laundry detergent even chewing gum contains hydrogen. and it's found in skincare products and alcohol. like hydrogen is the lightest element and the most abundant it's very important for the chemical industry and for industry in general. on earth hydrogen is mainly. on form. water for example consists of 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in its pure form h 2 hydrogen is an invisible non toxic gas. and

it has a lot of potential a liter of hydrogen contains 3 times as much energy as a meter of gasoline. and hydrogen does not pollute when it's burnt. but there is a catch. the bus will go to get pure age to a huge amount of energy is required to produce the necessary chemical reaction and here forms will be broken. currently extracting pure hydrogen creates a lot of environmental pollution as it requires the use of natural gas in a process called steam reforming. natural gas c h 4 this mixed with steam and separates at 500 degrees celsius into water c o 2 and h 2. this process uses energy derived from fossil fuels.

hydrogen extracted this way is called grain hydrogen because it releases a lot of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. because of the smog within $60000000.00 tons of hydrogen are extracted each year that means $600000000.00 tons of c o 2 more than one percent of anthropogenic c o 2 in the atmosphere comes from extracting hydrogen. well. gray hydrogen is no miracle weapon in the fight against climate change caused by human activity energy expert. explains why industry still uses the natural gas method of extracting hydrogen. hydrogen is needed for industrial processes manufacturers want to cheap so natural gas is used. cheap but dirty that's why german chemicals group b.s.f. is researching how to extract hydrogen from natural gas without creating any greenhouse

gas as a byproduct the project is financed by the german government. me thing pyrolysis works instead of c o 2 pure carbon is produced during hydrogen extraction. it actually comes out like this as little grains that are very pure ordinary carbon in the form of coal here there's nothing mixed in that we wouldn't want like sulfur goes with you know. this carbon can be used in batteries or in the steel industry the process works on a small scale but there's a long road ahead until it can be used in large scale industrial production. so alternatives are needed but there's also blue and green hydrogen. the german government is counting on them but what are they. blue hydrogen is produced just like hydrogen but the polluting c o 2 doesn't end up in the atmosphere instead it's sequestered underground but such

storage facilities don't exist in germany. green hydrogen offers the cleanest solution no natural gas is needed to produce it instead water is used. energy is used to split water into its components oxygen and hydrogen. the method is called electrolysis. the german government has high hopes for green hydrogen it could be used in hydrogen powered trucks in a clean heavy industry that runs on hydrogen thanks to wind and solar parks and ships that sail and airplanes that fly without emissions but green hydrogen that's a drawback. about as good there's one really inherent disadvantage a huge amount of energy needs to be expended to extract the hydrogen $56.00 times

as much energy it has to be sustainable and that's the challenge with electrolysis we could use a lot more sustainable energy for use and hydrogen extraction could be generated if there were a massive expansion of wind parks but forgot fashioning says that alone won't do. drama we've already gone some way and shifting to renewables but the share of renewables in the energy mix is just 15 percent in germany at the current rate we need another 100 to 200 years we have to quadruple or quintuple what we're doing now and we know that solar and wind energy production rates vary. if germany were to massively expand renewables it could produce enough green hydrogen but that would probably mean lots of wind turbines near residential areas the government wants to import green hydrogen from sunny continents such as africa or australia but that too would be problematic. to fool each individual stage and each kilometer of transport causes losses if you transport hydrogen by

ship the ship would need fuel so again you'd lose some of the energy we also know that importing is expensive so it's unrealistic it would be $3.00 to $4.00 times as expensive as if we were to make it efficiently here in germany. so only if there is a massive expansion of renewable energy production will the world one day be able to run on green hydrogen. switching to renewables and slashing c o 2 emissions is crucial. the effects of climate change are already being felt in many parts of the world. for example in india the region of logic is a high plateau in the himalayas it's one of the driest places on earth as dry as the sahara. the mountains keep monsoon rains away and climate change

is making the situation even worse an indian engineer has come up with a clever way to make more water available to local people. this is not a remnant of a melted place here it's an artificial reservoir shaped like a buddhist sanctuary a stupor may devise the idea was conceived by so now i'm one choke and engineer from the attack in northwestern india. is our ships which have minimal surface area for the loom so the sun cannot melted as quickly as it does flat and therefore it melts slowly as the summer approaches and as it melts it gives its water to the farmers. his famous for the world's highest altitude cold deficit in a region which gets only between 50 and 100 millimeters of rainfall annually the glaziers have been a life source for ages. they provide water for the cities.

and for the farmers as well. but due to climate change almost 20 percent of the glaciers in the area have been lost in the last 50 years although the clay sea is a melting in summer there is still water scarcity during certain months. what many people don't understand for farmers the challenge of water is only in spring time it played in me which is when they need water and which is when the glaciers are still not warm enough there so they don't melt. a wooden scaffold serves as a skeleton for the ice stupor in winter scarce melt water from the mountains is transported in underground pipes to lower regions due to the difference in pressure

it shoots up all by itself. and the minus 20 air will extract the heat in the water and then it falls down and freezes in the ship and the beauty is that you don't need machines are pumps or electricity or fuels or pollution none of that it's all gravity simple pipes. it's summer now this stupor is 5 months old built by the inhabitants of a nearby village originally it held over 15000000 liters of water. about 50000 liters melt daily. with the water flowing from the ice stupor the village in the valley has enough water available for the tiny irrigation of the fields. so now i'm one chook is co-founder of the students educational and cultural movement sect model because

the young people will one day have a say in the fate of the region they need to know how the stupors help the pharmacist however in the long run artificial glacis are only a makeshift solution. i stupors are not just method of making water but it is also a message from the mountain people to the people in big cities of the world it is equally important that you in the big sea. everything to get climate change and. my message is that live simply in the big cities off the word so that we in the mountains can simply live. there and now about 25 i stoop is in the region to create them it needed just a leap of the imagination what's needed now is change on a global scale. and

animals grow bigger and bigger. and then they just stop but why is that. that has been puzzling one of our view is to be a commonality in. growing once they're adults why do people reach a certain size and stop growing. it's about 50 centimeters in length. 'd girls tend to stop growing by 15 and reach an average height of 1.63 metres. grow until they're 17 and then average 1.74 metres. just bones growing people. you can estimate the age of the child. and how big it will eventually be.

at birth. $300.00 bones most of which are songs. that many grow together. just 206 bones and they're hard. disk early. and hard.

it's. very. measured. if outlet is read write latin even if it happens do you have a science question you'd like us to answer then send it in. if we featured on the show we'll even send you a little surprise as a thank you you can send us a video text ovoid smell come on just us. you can find more

interesting science stories at d.w. dot com slash science and on now to 58. fluids. we all need a steady supply. without war said we wouldn't survive more than 3 or 4 days. if we get dehydrated say by running around the body sends us a warning message we get thirsty we need to drink water. but what's the big deal about water anyway. it's abundant on our planet a molecule made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom h 2 o. water most of which is in the earth's oceans. but on land just as it travels along rivers and streams it flows through our veins here everything appears

dry but thousands of liters of water are hidden inside of people. though it can't be seen with the naked eye each human being is comprised on average of 65 percent water. babies are closer to 80 percent water as we age the share of water in us declines dipping to as low as about 50 percent among the most elderly. still that's a lot of water. we each carry on average 45 liters of the stuff. in water gives shape to our body. blood. cells are full of it to. you without it they would shrivel. still the same is true of our muscles. they'd shrink 70 percent without water. as for the brain it's made of up to 70 percent water as well.

it's hard to imagine how humans would look without water. the water in our bodies fulfills a whole range of functions. it's a transport medium for other substances. we're riddled with a network of channels the blood vessels. blood to is more than 80 percent water with all kinds of stuff swimming in it such as immune cells and red blood cells which transport vital oxygen and reach every last corner of the body. water also helps clear out things the body no longer needs excess your a.f. for example. the kidneys filter waste products there flushed out in water. as. it makes up the bulk of urine. which gathers in the bladder then we eliminated about a leader and a half

a day. so we need regular refills of water. we tend to drink fluids several times a day and. water also functions in many chemical reactions and as a solvent. important substances such as salts are only available to the body when dissolved in water. many of them derive from the food we eat. all around the body h 2 o. is integrated or transformed into other substances. countless reactions occur every 2nd. our entire metabolism depends on water. and it has at least one more important function especially but not only when it's hot as a coolant. when we get too hot sweat emerges from pores in the skin.

what. the water in it evaporates the transition from fluid to vapor takes a lot of energy and that energy is in the form of excess body heat. perspiration is a key regulator of body temperature. we would be nothing without water. all the other creatures we share the planet with need it too. there are more than 300 downs in germany. they're used for hydroelectric plants to prevent flooding and to store rule water that can be filtered and delivered as drinking water into our homes. but dams can cause problems downstream such as in the river dune in western germany where the fish are none too happy. the water of the doom is clean but cold biologist malina leaver skinned and her

colleagues are here to check on the fish how are they doing any better than the year before. the researches countermeasure fish they 1st briefly stun with an electric current from a battery in their sampling again thank you thank you ever route 323 grayling 253. forehead 65. in. other words when they didn't want to be measured. a specimen of another species makes an appearance to the delight of dr leaver skinned a young stone loach. no margaret in normal bodies of water you find hundreds it's nothing special but here it's unusual because they've gone missing i

think. that holds true for other species as well in the day and the reason is to be found upstream at the dam and in the huge reservoir behind it the 2nd biggest in germany. one problem is that migrate a reef fish can't get past the 63 metre tall barrier. another goes somewhat deeper water is continuously released from the dam to feed the river downstream for decades it with. drawing from the bottom of the reservoir where it is between $4.00 and $6.00 degrees celsius all year long so the river downstream is also always chilly indeed guns all the animals and plants in the water are cold blooded that means they're the same temperature as the water but there are fish that can't thrive in cold water they just don't grow they might lay eggs but that's it nothing happens. so all the creatures that like some of warmth have disappeared

here barbells and shabbes loaches and. which should by rights all be here. to find out. to make the din more hospitable to fish the regional water will surratt the book of a band launched a project that is the only one of its kind in europe thorsten look not is an engineer who works for the also writing and. we measure the temperature of the water entering the reservoir. devices on the water extraction power also measure the temperature at various depths in the reservoir so we can determine at what depth the temperature is the same as that of the water flowing into the reservoir fruitful for use. say water and to sit 18 degrees in summer then the water discharge downstream should also be 18 degrees but the depth so which the water in the reservoir is at that temperature keeps changing as the water level rises and

falls so the engineers device to pivoting pipe and attached it to the tower it extracts water at just the right level it's 9 metres long and went into operation in 2015. toast and make sure the mouth of the pipe is always at the right depth so the temperature of the water discharge downstream matches that of the intake into the reservoir. has this actually been good for fish my linen lever skinned and her team regularly. review video and data from a device called of baki river what shift fish counter they installed downstream from the dam fish heading in either direction have to pass through this channel. or please me most was to spot a sea lamprey because they're very rare they're big 2 and you hardly ever see any. at of course i'm happy about any plump salmon who comes up here. salmon are

definitely something special they represent our greatest success so far after we installed the valkyrie fish counter we had one salmon the 1st year and 51114 and last year 24 i'm quite sure it's thanks to the pipe in the reservoir salmon are happiest in water than 16 degrees the water discharge from the reservoir used to be just 8 degrees in the summer so obviously that wouldn't go well. with the. things may certainly be looking up but there's more to be done. we've done some damage in all the animals that like it warm vanished from the system over a quarter of a century if you might say it's an arduous task to get them to come back up the river from its mouth they have to get the message oh here's an ecological niche for us and it's not occupied and it's cozy and warm let's go and settle there. they're

going to do to. leave askin says it could take another decade til the din is once again home to own its rightful residence. that's all for now from tomorrow today. we look forward to seeing you next week for another fascinating edition of a signed show until then good bye. i'm

going to. call on the road with our super hero. my mission is clear blue kushti good and to me culturally should explore germany. they don't even to imagine everything else there's a lot going on in. germany charging tested again.

coming up on w. m visionary and a pragmatist 2000 eternium on. the phone my director to give the institute. a restless traveler in the name of the intercultural dialogue. we look back at his eventual career as a cultural ambassador. marks 21. in 30 minutes on t.w. . is a master of the art of confrontation and this is room for a veteran of verbal combat doesn't mean you're going to see ya it's like the

undisputed champion of so formidable talk trying to frighten people you know so far everybody understands if you enter the conflict zone and join to sebastian as he holds the powerful to account this is a big failure whichever way you like to spin your conflict zone. d.w. . the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. how has the rate of infection been developing. what measures are being taken. what does the latest research say. information and context. the coronavirus of data the coated team special monday to friday on t.w. . trick trades. they love. she will extract it into outfits the litter glitter glitter.

they're fighting against prejudice i don't hold cable like i did nothing and just dance around and for the record. we are little stars on the big stage. true scotsman 17 w. . this is news and these are our top stories. indian scientists have accused the government of ignoring warnings about the new more contagious corona virus variants which have overwhelmed the national health system officials have reported a record number of just under 3700 deaths in the last day some indian states have

had to delay plans to roll out vaccines to millions more adults because of supply shortages.