in the country and the increase marginalize ation of minorities my guest this week is just enough column a year secretary just sri lanka's street is there any chance of these 2 will take the criticisms seriously and to something about the conflicts. in 60 minutes. it's already a reality for seasonal flu the couple of sprays of your nose and you get strong protection against a potentially deadly virus because it work the corona virus would put the vaccine right where the virus reproduces in the responder tree system and nasal spray vaccine against coverage 19 could feed the answer for countries struggling to contain. 19

special now one country that's pending hopes on nasal spray vaccines mexico the country with the world's 3rd highest covered 19 death toll it's trying to speed up its immunization program only one in 10 mexicans has had at least one dose of vaccine and the government is appealing for more shots from abroad is president manuel lopez obrador he received the astra zeneca shot last month but mexico is also hoping to start producing its own vaccines and administer them through. mexico one of the country's worst affected by the corona virus pandemic and dependent on imported vaccines in short supply globally. to help reduce the country's future dependency mexico is developing its own vaccine named patri or spanish for homeland the company spearheading the drive has already eyeing clinical trials. the mexican government hopes the vaccine can be approved for emergency use

by the end of the year authorities say it has several advantages if. this is a vaccine that can be administered as a nasal spray. and we've been laying the groundwork for mass production that will help keep costs low. and this in turn will make the vaccine more accessible to people in countries such as ours which are not as wealthy. that's things in large part to drawing on u.s. technology already used in other vaccines which the mexican developer says has proven safe and effective. the mexican government has contributed to the funding. but if it were not i think it's good i don't know when it will come out the problem here has been the lack of support for research so it will take

a long time i'm going to. mexico as a country that should be a leader in the americas. and it should help supply other countries in central america. mexico's president has condemned vaccine hoarding by rich countries in the past he says his nation will share its vaccine with others. well dr peter lazy is the chairman of the department of microbiology at icann school of medicine at mount sinai in new york he and his team developed the key ingredient for the nasal spray vaccine that mexico is developing and has the snuffy name n d v h x p s sort of a lazy explains to me what that means. let me 1st explain the name n.p.v. stands for pixel disease virus newcastle disease was when she sent surely an avian virus and be using

a vaccine strain for were. also off she was she's director to take she can against newcastle disease as we are using this one and introducing in this newcastle disease less and be the protein surface pulping off sauce co of r.'s 2 and so on and we give that vaccine to people up to and almost then we could use the s. protein is shift back comparable to know if you. saw scan of r s 2 and then we may give you any new one of the sponsors against there's surface gecko problem thing which he's ok steve so. james p. stands for x. up rolling 6 pauline's in the spro thing which stabilized supposed to make it explains much more. and it makes it to be stable rich is really

important because the other vaccines which are what you spend what they're on and fine so i don't think they can only be stored in minus 40 degree minus a unique resales was our next scene which is the n t x r pro it's vic scene is actually very very stable and we can be transported in store. all my furniture at that time but since 2 to 4 degrees centigrade so it is much much cheaper to produce this vaccine as compared to the m.r. in a vaccines by pfizer. and it is very very cheaply made because it can be done in the same way that in france of us what seems up. used all over the world weekends just. been a day except so we'll. have a delay influence of her sex scenes are made we just introduced our anti v h x p.

strain into x. and we can make millions and millions of doses it is very very low cost i think the fact that it's for just a nags will really surprise people because it does make a very different turn to what we've been hearing about the research so far but as i mentioned before about the fact that this can actually be. administered through a nasal spray i mean what's the advantage of that. so so far the only talking about the us really so far in the united states we do have vaccines against school with 19 but they are all injected they're all injected so they are not going to using a would require new colin unit even you know and we can manage say through the nose we knew was in the operates but to it like in the response to inflict a immunity which is the main thing of the 1000 virus to replicate

so. you can use both platforms the mated one which gets injected and also the one which is used is a spray through the nose and we believe we will make a very good action in the as for doing direct again school with 19 it works beautifully in animals we have fantastic content length studies in amsterdam and in my eyes but obviously my son of man am says are not humans so we have to really find out how to use different platforms live through the nose or kill injected how that works out in people. yes not that could take some time and what are we looking at you know vaccine actually being administered to people's noses so i was always told if a gel used to ask me how long it will take is. not to answer that question however

we are 105 pounds so it's now out of. reach you see and we are doing phase one slash 2 trials in the past we made for his wound and we waited phrase 2 and we waited face 3 but because of the urgency of court 19 many of us are doing freeze one slash 2 in parallel and in those 5 companies as i said hundreds of people have been. needed in a phase one slash rates 2 and we hope we get the state by june july of this year and then it really depends how much if money is being proving to be rich i was told that in that in brazil is about a 1000000 doses have been reduced so that we believe that the phase 2 in phase 3 could be done fairly rapidly but they gain relief and how fast these studies

can be done these human trials can be executed and invent new plans on the contrary simply will take some more time in the us because we are wholly of them with our f.d.a. . thank you very much dr peter for lazy joining us on the call 1000 special. time to answer more of your questions now i have it to a science correspondent eric williams. the astra zeneca vaccine is around 70 percent effective is that really enough for it to be any good. i've received several different versions of this questions the issue is obviously one that's causing some confusion i think what's driving it is a similarity between 2 very different factors that are expressed as a similar percentage 70 percent and the 1st of those factors is an epidemiological

prediction that comes up a lot it's what's now considered to be kind of low ball estimate of the number of people needed to achieve what we call herd immunity that very theoretical moment when enough people are immune to covert 19 through vaccination or having had the disease to allow us to get on top of transmission that 70 percent however is different from the 2nd factor the roughly 70 percent effectiveness claimed by the astra zeneca vaccine that 70 percent basically tells you that if a large number of people receive the vaccine and an equally large number don't and then you wait a few months to see who comes down with symptomatic who had 19 more than 2 thirds of them will be from the unvaccinated group gauging effectiveness is as as you can

see quite tricky because you're basically trying to put a number on how many vaccinated people didn't get infected but the astra zeneca vaccines 70 plus percent effectiveness is actually quite high compared to many other vaccines and will help us a lot and our attempts to reach that other 70 plus per. goal when when herd immunity dynamics should begin kicking in. eric williams just before we leave you to take care lympics less than 3 months away and given the pandemic how guys are planning o.b. a very unusual games just held a marathon russell in the northern city of sapporo unusually people were told to stay away from the streets where the mass and was passing by by people all the signs but there were a few scattered because he managed to make their way along the route in facemasks

take your hopes the games could mark a turning point in the pandemic but the city is still under a state of emergency. and that's all from me in the team from or to check out the current of our section at data we dot com goodbye to. drink spirits. that you will love she will do extra gravity to help fritz and glitter glitter glitter. they're fighting against prejudice and don't called a boy i did nothing and just cancel. them for breaking news. your little stores on the big stage. 3

kids still missing 3. where the real power resides. i come from there are lots of people in fact more than a 1000000000 if you can read the largest democracy maybe that's one reason why i'm passionate about people and. aspirations and they can. point to television reporters tried to pin the blame onto the floor of the bulletin board and i remember thinking at the time because of the bubble in the world going forward anything can happen if people come together and unite for a call. but i do the news often confronted because situations for conflict between does something still i see just part of my job to confront reality t.v.'s on policies and development to focus spotlight on issues that matter congo food

security question marshall nice. to not have going to achieve the so much more needs to be job and i think people have to be accountable solutions my name is on the top sheet on and i work a detail for you. and . the french revolution the battle of trafalgar and of course the bottle of water lee who springs to mind napoleon bonaparte of course 200 years since the french military leaders untimely death in exile you take a look back at his controversial legacy and also coming up. as cultural life trickles back into the eternal city our reporter talks to raman's who are setting their hopes on a swift return of the italian capital's police popularity. and

still shining bright at 60 as george clooney celebrates the big 600 you take a personal look back at the american actress career through the ariz of one of his collaborators. welcome to arts and culture france is marking 200 years since the death of napoleon bonaparte the self declared former emperor who seized power during the french revolution has traditionally been celebrated for his military prowess and efforts to expand france's empire but in a modern era way europe's colonial past is increasingly being dissected his legacy has taken on a new more sinister meaning many people are now rediscovering his more controversial initiatives such as the reintroduction of slavery after it was abolished france's youngest leader since napoleon is president and. despite calls to boycott the anniversary the strong critic of today's so-called council culture is set to lay

a wreath at the former and put to bed. and my colleague adrian kennedy joins me now adrian why is the way he's being celebrated quite so controversial. for many the ways that napoleon is worshipped as a national icon in france is at best on reflects its if not downright offensive now there are those who celebrate him as a military commander who built an empire and a starfish to morton centralise state but for all those fees war mongering tyrants who suppress democracy and reintroduce slavery now this new exhibition it's called napoleon is no more it's. one of many marking the bison tina does it do if i defiantly don't well this exhibition actually focuses on the way that napoleon sought to define his own legacy in his final years after being exiled to sink and

then by the british this exile in the former emperor's death far from his beloved france was depicted in many of its works and contributed to establishing him as a martyr figure even the english poet. came to see him as something of a persecuted romantic hero a flawed genius if you like and that image of napoleon has persisted it has of course it's a great story and it's been brought to the big screen a number of times 1st and foremost in 1927 this is. a classic french silent movie hollywood of course came home on the heels they had to go to. napoleon was played by what started. this is the 970 movie waterloo so it's all recently this was the predominant why

the problem was depicted in popular culture swashbuckling hero adventurer who defined french glory if you like but now this image is being challenged right in the wake of vocal anti racism process in from. the podiums reintroduction of slavery in 82 has become the subject of debate now descendants of slaves. have been speaking out insisting that it's not appropriate to celebrate napoleon saying that slave descendants to still today feel they have less resources that it's difficult for them to seek success and that they are barred from certain things so it's not just as. it's it's has relevance to today ok but historians have also been going at it tooth and nail have been. there from the podium foundation says it's a shame that this is being brought up in the anniversary year saying this is part

of the side of current so culture but the dominant telephone from the. slavery memorial foundation says it's not rewriting or raising history it's enriching history as you say it will lay a reef to commemorate snorts to celebrate the occasion and he will condemn slavery as an abomination in a speech like right very good adrian my colleague adrian kennedy thanks so much for that background thank you. now one of the great capitals of european art is of course rome if you've visited you'll know the city is packed with archaeological treasures and usually chock a block with tourists for a movie a year that's obviously not been the case but even the most famous cultural institutions have struggled to stay afloat would look down is now easing across italy they gradually reopening to visitors but how many will come. sunday reports

from the eternal city. before the pandemic this square in front of the coliseum would be packed with visitors on peak days they would wait in line for up to 2 and a half hours to guide. tells us now the archaeological sites have reopened she could be back in business if only there were visitors. many of the. trouble. mostly were. getting for the 2022 we hope. to. open the borders. we. because of the change. but the numbers are within the cause is that is before culture as well is taking center stage in the country's reopening efforts like all the tele and

cultural institutions that are out through the open i did all my has had a difficult here having to rely on streaming and a few outdoor events. sylvia a member of the women's choir is certain better times are coming. and we have great expectations but we hope that this moment will mark the end of the dark times we're live on. her choir is practicing for his 1st performance coming up in front of a life audience with far fewer visitors allowed and singers having to keep distance from each other it's not ideal but even having this opportunity means a lot to her for everything about it seeing again the public it will be a great moment of great hope and a great choice for everyone because. italy was hit hard during the pandemic and 14 months in people are experiencing fatigue the reopening is welcomed by many but this calculated risk as italy's prime minister mahathir rocky put it could have an

forseeable consequences according to experts mostly ficci day it's very difficult to take a calculated risk during an epidemic because at the very moment we realize the virus is reemerging it's always too late that of the. tourguide ellen and i only on the other hand would like to see a further easing of restrictions such as official guidelines on tourism that would make it easier for people from other regions of italy and even overseas to visit and connect with the city's rich heritage i want to go back to my job i want to actually show people all the visitors that are coming to roma all these i want to make out all my camel. and what would be waiting we'll look forward to seeing everybody to see everybody here pretty soon italy's government

is planning to further ease restrictions in the coming weeks how this will influence the pandemic only time will tell but for now these small steps are inspiring hope for the future. how indeed now it was a few years ago but do you remember dr doug ross t.v.'s hottest emergency doctor well george clooney certainly does because it was the award winning american act as breakout role he's gone on to hollywood domination acting in directing and producing dozens of films and even finding time to champion human rights causes now this week clooney celebrates his 60th birthday we got the lowdown on his highlights from one of his serial collaborators who goes off the bottom of the drawer rarely has a fictional bank robber been this charming. the 1st time you write. to

him great to smile or rather sweet only for you being no go. go very pretty smile and his smile turns 60 years old this week george clooney heartthrob superstar and hollywood hero the actor and director has a well earned reputation for charming everyone he encounters. as seen in this german t.v. interview from more than 20 years ago. why because they're the most important things. cops. most important things are friends. among those friends is a german cinematographer martin who who lives in berlin and los angeles he got his start shooting commercials and music videos which then led to jobs in hollywood job should be someone's going to learn but george and i met on the set of a film called the american georges someone who keeps working with the same people he's got a kind of work family around him he doesn't put on airs he doesn't lose his temper

on set and he's friendly to his crew and he has a lot of respect for the artists he works with conservative. you could. see. charm and vulnerability are among the qualities that make clooney is hitman in the american so interesting who is camera captured clooney is dramatic and elegant portrayal after that shoot in italy the 2 met up again there in 2018 for the mini series catch $22.00 an adaptation of the satirical antiwar novel set on a u.s. military base in the mediterranean during world war 2 clooney directed 2 episodes and played a neurotic major. proxies for. their film collaboration's even took martine wood to the arctic for the midnight sky the post-apocalyptic science fiction adventure was visually lavish as both director and

lead actor clooney showed his typical lack of vanity relying completely on his team . sometimes there are actors who say don't shoot me from there place the light over there george has never done that with midnight sky at some point i said if we do it like that with you live from below you look older and he said yes that's the right thing for the character he was playing a dying old man and it didn't bother him that he looked like one this is also all sweet clooney has long used his celebrity to draw attention to. political issues even before marrying human rights lawyer amal clinic but he's also known for not taking himself too seriously as shown when he accepted a best actor oscar for his role as a cia agent in syriana possibly george clooney. sexiest man alive $972.00 time to time sexiest man alive but even they get older but george clooney seems to have a relaxed attitude towards aging maybe because he didn't become

a star until his thirty's now entering his sixty's he's settling into character roles and working as director and producer which all offer the prospect of a long career to come. right stuff at the end of this edition but of course there's more on our website thanks for joining me and goodbye .

entered the conflict zone the government of sri lanka has been strongly criticized the un human rights council which warned of a deteriorating situation in the country and the increase marginalize ation of minorities my guest this week is john of columbine a unique secretary just 3 largest foreign ministry fiza any chance of the move to take the criticism seriously i'm still something about the conflict. in 30 minutes on. ready to get a little extra. place as places in europe are smashing the records stick to the touch or. just don't lose your grip it's a treasure map for globe trotters discover some of europe's record breaking sites.

also in book form. morita of the planet. play to. the nail on the green sun's holocaust and to me it's clear remains true. the solutions are out to. join me for a deep into the green transformation for me. for the. place

. this is g w news along from berlin tonight no facebook for donald trump at least for now. facebook's oversight board today have held the decision to ban the former us president for inciting the riot at the u.s. capitol the board says the ban was justified but that making the ban indefinite was not also coming up india sees another record rise in code 19 says overcrowded hospitals turned sick people away we'll hear from some of the volunteers who are fighting to fill the gaps.