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street prevention and sustainable production. all of a sow's are available online and of course you can share and discuss on africa's facebook page and other social media platforms. crime fighters tune in no. it's already a reality for a seasonal flu the couple of sprays of your news and you get strong protection against a potentially deadly virus because it works for corona virus it would put the vaccine right where the virus reproduces in the responder tree system a nasal spray vaccine against coverage 19 could feed the country struggling to contain. robots in berlin welcome to 19

special now one country that spending hopes on nasal spray vaccines is mexico the country with the world's 3rd highest covered 19 death toll it's trying to speed up its immunization program only one in 10. mexican's has had at least one dose of vaccine and the government there is appealing for more shots from abroad is president manuel lopez obrador he received the asters anika shot last month. but mexico is also hoping to stop producing its own vaccines and administer them through the night. mexico one of the country's worst affected by the corona virus pandemic and dependent on imported vaccines in short supply globally. to help reduce the country's future dependency mexico is developing its own vaccine named spanish for homeland the company spearheading the drive has already eyeing clinical trials the mexican government hopes the vaccine can be approved for

emergency use by the end of the year authorities say it has several advantages. if . this is a back seen that can be administered as a nasal spray. and we've been laying the groundwork for mass production that will help keep costs low. and this in turn will make the vaccine more accessible to people in countries such as ours which are not as wealthy. as wasteful. with. that's things in large part to drawing on u.s. technology already used in other vaccines which the mexican developer says has proven safe and effective the mexican government has contributed to the funding. but if it were not i think it's good i don't know when it will come out. the problem here has been the lack of support for research so it will take

a long time. mexico is a country that should be a leader in the americas. and should help supply other countries in central america . mexico's president has condemned vaccine hoarding by rich countries in the past he says his nation will share its vaccine with others. well dr peter lazy is the chairman of the department of microbiology at icann school of medicine at mount sinai in new york he and his team developed the key ingredient for the nasal spray vaccine that mexico is developing it has the snuffy name n t v h x p s sort of a lazy explain to me what that means. let me 1st explain the name n.p.v. stands for pixel disease virus newcastle disease rose which is actually an avian virus and be using

a maxine strain for brains. which is directed to take she can against newcastle disease as we are using various one and we are introducing in this newcastle disease rats and the the thing is surface propane offs also go on a virus too and so on and we give that maxine to people up to and almost then we would use the s. protein is shellfish placable up to know if you. saw scone i was too and then we may give you any known unsponsored against this surface cracker problem thing which is what makes things so. huge james p. stands for except probably. 6 pollens in the protein which stabilize the protein make it explains much more. and it makes it to be stable which is really important because the other vaccines which

are what you spend what they're on and fine but i don't think they can only be stored in minus 40 degree minus a degree says he was our next scene which is the n b x a pro spec scene is actually very very stable and and can be transported in store. all my furniture at the temperatures 2 to 4 degrees centigrade so it is much much cheaper to produce this vaccine as compared to the m.r. in a vaccines by pfizer. and it is very very cheaply made because it can be taught in the same way that in france of earthquake scenes up. when used all over the world we can just. bring a day except some way of. regular influence of her sex scenes are made need show us the interviews hour and a v h x p s train into x.

and we can make millions and millions of doses it is very very low cost i think the fact that it's produced in eggs will really surprise people because it does make a very different tone to what we've been hearing about the research so far but as i mentioned before about the fact that this can actually be. i missed it through a nasal spray i mean what's the advantage of that. so so far the they're only talking about the u.s. really so far in the united states the poor have scenes against school with 19 but they are all injected they are all injected so they are not going to using a would require a new cold slim unit even you many administered through the nose we don't use in the operates but the intellect in there is put to inflict 8 and immunity which is the main thing of $319.00 virus to replicate so. you can use both

platforms meaning you mated one which gets injected and also the one which is used is a spray through the nose and we believe the real make a very good action in the as for joint direct again scope 19 it works beautifully in animals we have fantastic helling studies in amsterdam and in my eyes but obviously my son of man hamsters are not humans so we have to really find out how they use different platforms life through the nose or kill injected how that works out in people. yes not that could take some time when we're looking at you know a vaccine actually being administered to people's noses so i was always told if a gel used to ask me how long it will take is. not to answer that question however

we are 105 pounds so it's in our. reach you see and we reach are doing phase one slash 2 trials in the past you made for his wound and you made it raise 2 and we waited face 3 but because of the urgency of court 19 many of us are doing freeze one slash 2 impellor and in those 5 companies as i said hundreds of people have been. needed in a phase one slash rates 2 and we hope we get the state by june july of this year and then it really depends how much if for these being proving to be rituals told that in that in brazil in about a 1000000 doses have been. used so we believe that there phase 2 in phase 3 could be done fairly rapidly but then again it really depends how fast these studies can

be done these human trials can be executed and invent new plans on the contrary i simply will take some more time in the u.s. because. polio. thank you very much dr peter for lazy joining us on the call 1000 special. time to answer more of your questions now i have it to a science correspondent eric williams. the astra zeneca vaccine is around 70 percent effective is that really enough for it to be any good. i've received several different versions of this questions so the issue is obviously one that's causing some confusion i think what's driving it is a similarity between 2 very different factors that are expressed as a similar percentage of 70 percent and the 1st of those factors is an

epidemiological prediction that comes up a lot it's what's now considered to be kind of low ball estimate of the number of people needed to achieve what we call herd immunity that very theoretical moment when enough people are immune to covert 19 through vaccination or having had the disease to allow us to get on top of transmission that 70 percent however is different from the 2nd factor the roughly 70 percent effectiveness claimed by the astra zeneca vaccine that 70 percent basically tells you that if a large number of people receive the vaccine and an equally large number don't and then you wait a few months to see who comes down with symptomatic who had 19 more than 2 thirds of them will be from the unvaccinated group gauging effectiveness is as as you can

see quite tricky because you're basically trying to put a number on how many vaccinated people didn't get infected but the astra zeneca vaccines 70 plus percent effectiveness is actually quite high compared to many other vaccines and will help us a lot and our attempts to reach that other 70 plus per. goal when when herd immunity dynamics should begin kicking it. start aquarium's just before we leave you to take care lympics less than 3 months away and given the pandemic organizers all planning obey a very unusual games just held a marathon wrestle in the northern city of sapporo and usually people were told to stay away from the streets whether madison was passing by by people holding signs but there were a few scattered look as he managed to make their way along the route in facemasks

take your hopes the games could mark a turning point in the pandemic but the city is still under a state of emergency. and that's all from me in that same from order check out the current of our section at t. to we dot com by. moving. center of the conflict zone for government to sri lanka has been strongly criticized the un human rights council which warned of will deteriorate in situation in the country and being increased marginalise ation of minorities my guest this week is john accolon by a u.s. secretary just sri lanka's foreign ministry is there any chance that he's young enough to take the criticism seriously i'm still something about the conflict. next on t.w. . it's now known as the century of building. the

very real ground enterprise in tackling. people who live in areas where it's being seen here and find their final resting place. anonymous. forgotten by the wilds of. that remote i'm all focused on your. with him had to be done because somebody has won by a spy you know if i had known that i would be that small i never would have gone on a trip like you i would not support myself and my parents on the tango but it's a game with going to get a flavor for. that one the whole evening and because of that i have serious

problems on a personal level and i was unable to live there but the words i'm going to. want to know their story for my great scarified lobbying for me for more grants. if i was part of the all these things well fan you don't know that you proud of living in a country where child killers all get presidential pardons believe anyone who is doing something wrong the government of sri lanka has been strongly criticized that the un human rights council which warned of a deteriorating situation in the country the erosion of judicial independence and the increased marginalize ation of minorities my guest this week is john a column by secretary to sri lanka's foreign ministry is there any chance at all

that his government will take the criticism seriously and finally do something about them. jagoff columba gave welcome to conflict zone. in the last few days the u.n. human rights council passed a landmark resolution highlighting your government's failure to ensure accountability for human rights violations and mandating u.n. investigators to collect and preserve data that can be used in future judicial proceedings they did that mr secretary because of your abject failure to do it for yourselves and because of the worsening human rights climate in your country aren't you ashamed of that well let me say the world war ended 78 years later. and we still see the residual effects on the

environment on the physical things and the good friday agreement was in 1998 and that 116 wars which is called peace was still we're not talking about his novel ireland mr secretary i was talking about we're talking about sri lanka and your failure to ensure accountability for human rights violations which you've already illinois in which you have denied in other interviews. no we had the war for one more one generation and it takes time to heal completely war and it possibly busted in war it was a brutal war right and we finished the war in 2009 and between 2009 and 201592 percent of the land occupied by the military were released 295000 people who were used as a human shield but we integrated and resettle into the community well i

understand i understand all that mr secretary but your your foreign minister has already denied the accusations of serious human rights violations you put out the inevitable barrel of denials and accusations of western bias do you really think that the rest of the world is so stupid that they're going to immediately accept those denials in the face of overwhelming documented evidence of your current human rights abuses i'm not talking about those just in the past i'm talking about continuing human rights abuses in your country in him there are these documents can we have a look at these documents that you are referring to the u.n. has said to the to you the u.n. has sent back to you numerous times you read them in the in the resolution of the human rights council so it's a little strange for you to pretend that you haven't seen them. well we have seen this document prepared by the human rights commission and that's ok but you know

there had been 5 i mean from 201220132 those and 14 and now 2 of those went to 21 so every time this government comes to power they said resolution from the united nations human rights council right is that fair i think we have to ask that the human breakup council then that is fair our child should be held to a country or actions isn't it mr secretary i'm not your for as one of your foreign minister called the accusations forced and complained about the resolution was politically motivated but more than 40 countries co-sponsored this resolution 22 voted for it 14 abstained only 11 against your rapidly losing international support and credibility and the votes prove it in who are these 40 countries and if i countries are in your wrong right then outside the europeans canada and america england malawi and solomon marshall islands so $35.00 countries got together and

make this an unsubstantiated accusation allegation so this is nothing to do with the human race in sri lanka also that so they're automatically so they're automatically wrong even your good friend india who you lobbied incessantly to vote against the resolution they abstained they weren't buying your denials either were they. but look at what the statement made by the indian permanent representative in the beginning they said this kind of country specific resolutions are wrong and then they said they abstain that is their policy that yes they are your kind that you want to that will support you the real question from all this mr secretary is do you want to be taken seriously on the international stage or just dismissed as one more serial human rights abuse or protected by a small gang of other abusers we want to be taken very seriously in the international community and nor are the country or entity is more interested than sri lanka to find a lasting solution to the residual issues that we have in sri lanka because we are

a small country small population and the harmony and peace is of critically important for us more than anyone else but it has to evolve within us and no one can force a conciliation. you so you want to hear wounds and you want reconciliation but let's take the un's charge of you marginalizing minorities one of the worst examples has been your instruction to cremate the bodies of covert victims something that you knew would be deeply hurtful to your muslim community and other minorities you've now retracted this order but you claimed in a recent interview that you simply followed the science and the world health organization had originally instructed all covert bodies should be cremated that statement of yours was completely untrue wasn't it they never said anything of the kind. well if you look at the world health organization they said cremation of

all call in body is it is they are of course they haven't they know they didn't mr secretary they did not get what one state what date was that when they could have that out but i will come back to you on this and then lead grounded change that to katie the burial is permitted and now that question is behind us steam we have buried $69.00 eyes are you are you change the subject but you told that you made a statement that was blatantly false since march last year the w.h.o. made it clear that the burial of covert victims was perfectly acceptable its statement called it a common myth that persons who have died of communicable disease should be cremated but this is not true commission is a matter of cultural choice and available resources to date and there is no evidence of persons having become infected from exposure to the bodies of covert 900 victims that was march 20th last year but you ignored all that and your government kept on ordering the cremation of covert victims despite knowing that

this would cause untold pain and distress so your excuse for the world health organization said this falls apart it just simply doesn't conform to the facts mr secretary well it was never a political decision it was always a health and science decision only thing years we did fight against the decision to change that back but he took some time and we do understand that cost not the best thing to do the deep hurt the sentiments of a population our community in sri lanka that is not the best thing we could do yes we do understand i'm not arguing against that but now we have corrected it and we have moved on 69 bodies have already been buried and now it's behind us we took time to. talking of marginalizing minorities it turns out that your own president has indulged in some pretty inflammatory rhetoric over the last year hasn't it on november the 18th he talked about legitimate fears that the sinhala race religion

national resources and the heritage would be threatened with destruction in the face of various local and foreign forces and ideologues that support separatism extremism and terrorism this was a clear dog whistle to his supporters to be on their guard against muslims and other minorities wasn't this wasn't a call for national unity he was blatantly pressing the fear button knowing full well that it would stop the kind of discrimination and disharmony that you claim to be fighting. team you wait and see there is a lot of evidence surfacing regarding the easter bombing easter bombing was the single most devastating act of terrorism which took place in this country nearly 270 christiana's foreigners and 3 hotels and 3 churches were bombed by the extremists you wait and see the 19 that was 2019 and everybody everybody admits there's no argument that this was

a terrible attack i'm talking about what your president said november the 18th last year stoking the fires of into communal hatred as i said this wasn't a battle for the national unity he was pressing the fear button telling people to be afraid of the minorities quite clear from what he said. being in the same statement i fail remember right he made it very clear that he is the president for all communities all people in this country although he was elected by the single a majority so you take one portion of that and argue but i can argue back it is not what the president meant president has been very focused on maintaining harmony but on the back of the elections one of them said mr secretary whether or not many did it it's what he said it's exactly what he said he said i am the president and i'm the president for all people of this country so there was not only an occasion in

that i was contradicted by what it was contradicted by what he said about national resources and heritage sent her heritage will be threatened with destruction but mr secretary it's been pregnant for the last 5600 years from time to time yes it does mean yell and that you know more and more fearful of minorities let's lower your quality let's look at your anti terrorism regulations which of so upset the un and human rights groups the international commission of jurists has consistently called for the repeal of this act which has been used it says to arbitrarily detained suspects for months and often years without charge or trial why do you keep such repressive laws in place. team from 2015 to 2019 there was a discussion of a counter-terrorism bill the unity government which was formed by coalition of the main 2 political parties with the support of e.u.

with the support of us and other countries drafted the counterterrorism proposal that is the new act but they could not just do it right so there are issues in our p.t. if we do accept that we need to revisit our p.t. if we do our sense that this long term and i mean being sent in your time on on revisiting it you said that sri lanka has a very democratic regime no repression whatsoever these are your words but your anti terrorist laws make a nonsense of that what place does arbitrary detention without charge or trial have in a democratic country if that's what you are that's what you claim to be this is why i said we need to revisit the prevention of terrorism act and we need to draw lessons from the best practices internationally and we are going to do that believe internally while you're passing your passing new repressive legislation march the

12th this year your so called the radicalization regulations these allow for arbitrary administrative detention of people for up to 2 years without trial this is a whole mark of repression arbitrary detention without trial you say you're working on it you keep passing new regulations that are just as repressive as the old ones . well imagine the situation if we did not have the pedia after the 19001000 is the bombing we would not have been able to do anything in this country it would have been a chaos maybe somebody wanted our country to make our chaotic so i am seeing the p.d. here is in the in the topic of discussion and we are determined to revisit and we have. a minute and also the long term detainees we need to find a solution to that we do agree that it is wrong get out charge to keep someone for a very long period president already given to the attorney general to find

a solution to this meanwhile these regulations are in blatant violation of your international legal obligations and they violate article 13 of the surrey lankan constitution do you know what that article says. well i don't have a copy right now but what it says if i remind you is that it guarantees freedom from arbitrary arrest detention and punishment so you're wrecking your own constitution with these new regulations which you can battle because. the real doesn't come near him in the beginning i requested you these very for another few weeks and you will come out i mean we are in this to get 1st will come out with the real picture and then the whole world will agree what has gone underneath we have only seen the tip of the iceberg under is the bombing but there is a whole heap of things that has happened before that and it is happening even now

so things will come out in due course and just. see but there we be new legislation introduced to the country for the protection of human dignity or the shore cell how many feet of yours that would that would that would make a change wouldn't because let's look at you know the way you've been handling trials and commissions the main reason the human rights council voted against you was that you've disrupted and impeded efforts to bring justice and accountability for all sides in the civil war that's the u.n. saying that they accuse you of him in trenching impunity for grave human rights violations and abuses by all sides this is not one of the hallmarks of your state isn't it. well it has nothing to do as you say because if you remember if you recall from 2009 to 2015 there were 3 commissions appointed to find out the way forward but unfortunately after 2015 none of these commissions could continue

function and now the president has appointed a commission of inquiry with the supreme court judge maintaining a balance. gender balance in order to find answers to whether there are any issues to guiding accountability whether there are any issues regarding missing persons so give us time we need we have given them a time we haven't even then once you've had time to disrupt and impede the existing judicial processes this obstruction says the u.n. has taken the form of actually arresting some of the war crimes investigators and threatening others the u.n. said one former chief of the criminal investigation division who led investigations into several key human rights cases was himself arrested and another nation for silver from the same division had to leave sri lanka because of threats immediately after the last presidential election and you tell me that's the way a democracy which you claim to have pursues justice doesn't look like it does. well

everything is in the media everything is in front of the commission a police inspector can leave for another country without picking up in less than 12 hours it doesn't have to be stressing this particular they are saying. we want you for our number one who says he was threatened you must not be part of a conspiracy all these things and they will probably give me lots of money to do these things all these are no no no you don't know that mr secretary that's that's a sign of saying that inquiries are coming out all these things that is why i said it will come out with the talk in china in january last year your presidential commission investigating so-called political victimization of public officials began intervening to halt prosecutions including those of 2 former navy officers charged in relation to the disappearance of 11 people in 20082009

this intervening in judicial proceedings doesn't inspire public confidence does it so also this commission has intervened in favor of military intelligence officers interfered in other trials including by withholding documentary evidence threatening prosecutors with legal action running parallel and contradictory examinations all these are accusations by the united nations in other words you've been destroying any chance of a proper trial and bring proper accountability you've allowed suspects to go free you're not interested. in i will not comment on a presidential commission and that matter before the court in the country they supposedly sent against me sense well i'm not in a position to comment on anything on that presidential commission on political we can write sedition because it is a matter before the courts. well you may not want to comment on that the fact is that you have been freeing guilty people in march last year the president pardoned

a soldier convicted of massacring 8 civilians including children human rights watch said it showed your government's disregard for justice for the worst abuses mr secretary you pardoned child killers the other no limits to which you won't sink. a child killer convicted child killer gets a presidential power pardon what kind of country living in well team do you know that i'll send 500 x. econ beckons for pardon similarly without any trial did you know that the you know 459 child soldiers as young as 10 were not even considered as americans but considered as victims of war and sent back to school to study with books and school bags and shoes right so we have done both so i can't argue i can't comment on a decision made by the president to pardon

a person and the b.b.'s regime also pardon e.t.a. hardcore terrorists so these are things happening so it is not like route i'm i come back to this you proud of living in a country where child killers are get presidential pardons you can't sing my i don't know man you're not you're not holding your own forces accountable the message that that sends to your armed forces is basically you can get away with anything count you if you can kill you if you don't kill children in cold blood you can get away with anything it is never like that we will never pardon anyone who is doing something wrong and the president is determined to make things right and make someone accountable if a person has done anything wrong against the law president will never ever. the side of a criminal never ever not just give him a presidential pardon mr secretary your civil war. his presidential pardons are there in the world now we're not talking about the rest of the world we're talking

about sri lanka and about my why why you only see longer why you need you talk about one person well because then you don't represent our eyes of the world and talk to the rest of the world about what they do i mean talking to you about censoring lanka does hypocrisy i mean you are talking about one person may not be seeing saskin you read to account for the actions of your government it's as simple as that is just one person and we help our bells and 500. mr secretary your civil war may have ended more than 12 years ago but since your government isn't interested in accountability thousands of family members from all communities are still seeking justice and truth about the fate of their loved ones and your response to date has been to send state agents to harass and intimidate human rights defenders lawyers journalists social actors and victims of human rights abuses how does how hopeful is that to your declared aim of bringing reconciliation and accountability to your country how helpful that is of missing

person established according to the last one in 2015 and this of this is empowered appointments made by dint of the locations given given an action plan is requested and they have produced the size as the harassment i'm asking you about the harassment your police. your police have continually harris to a member of the adversary advocacy group mothers of the disappeared one of them whose son was disappeared in 2009 told human rights watch that officers of the criminal investigation department continually questioned her about who's going to meetings who's going to give testimony in geneva what are they going to say what business is that of your criminal investigation division. well if there is an issue with a person they can always complain to the police and they can see from the judiciary and our judiciary is very independent and in these talk all areas is mostly it is

they're all natives who are the judges so this is these are only accusations very conveniently made without any substance why don't they make a complaint to the police where they can make a complaint to the president they can make a complaint to the inspector again the law police and the enemy division of perceiving without doing that you just complain and then you mention about human rights defenders we know most of the human great defenders are receiving money from the west and we know the bank accounts we know how much money has come and gone so these are not born of being a human right defenders they are playing to the sound one of them you just smear the whole lot of them in one sentence is that really what you want to do you don't have a lot of times to smear and smear a whole raft of your society defending human rights. we are very much interested in human great nor one else is interested in human rights than sri lankans and sri lanka that is

a fact no armies investment about human race and be concious and then sri lankans in sri lanka where not only is your human rights record is criticize you deny everything mr secretary the u.n. insists that you address these criticisms some of which we've talked about during this interview and it also holds out the threat that member states might start applying targeted sanctions asset freezes and travel bans against your state officials and others credibly alleged to have been involved in human rights violations are you ready for that. well you know if individual countries have a separate agenda not necessarily human race but using human rights are some happened there's very little we can do but let's wait and see i mean we also have support from a large number of countries it was evident in the human rights commission proceedings in the beginning when the report was submitted 21 countries spoke against the human rights commission us report and in the proceeding discussions

there were a lot of opposition to this of course the warding they got 22 but even they got one word less than the last time in 14 and there were a large number of absentees that is 14 so this world is divided so you are coming from some very very very quickly as we're running out of time are you going to take note of these criticisms or are you going to stick to your blanket denials which no one believes where there we have gone away or not we are going to continue with the play just that we have made to the international community to find answers or in consultation missing persons we are going and accountability we are going to finance us through a domestic mckenney some as quickly as we can we do shed of it from the responsibility to the international community more than that to the ok well of this country we've run out of time john f. column by again thank you very much for being on conflict zone. thank you.

it's now a century of the. people of earth wants to. find the final resting place. anonymous. forgotten by the wild. never mole. 13. w.

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we can make a difference by choosing smart new solutions overstrained said in our way sabbah ideas limited series and little 3000 on a double bed audio. above the book. it's an ongoing quest for effective future. think arab spring began in 2011 the bee people stood up against corruption movers and dictatorship mob all these moments. have left deep banks in my memory the bug was a drug it was an incredible feeling the people who were liberated.

they had hoped for more security more freedom more dignity. have their hopes for filled. 10 years after the arab spring. starts june 7th on g.w. . this is news and these are our top stories u.s. president joe biden's administration has announced support for lifting coronavirus vaccine payton protections the move could bolster global vaccine supplies and help developing countries manufacture their own vaccines the white house says it will negotiate.