you know people clearly have the submission to their job to along has been sentenced to more prison time with so many top activists in prison where do things stand for the territory civil rights movement class in taiwan its story of covert success the past year could take a new turn we take a closer look at vaccine hesitancy there. i'm melissa chana thank you for joining us honk honk pro-democracy activists joshua wong and 3 others have been sentenced to between 4 and 10 months in prison for their participation in an annual vigil marking the 1009 $199.00 and square crackdown for the 1st time last year officials had banned the event that gave the government grounds to charge those who gathered on kong has been the only place in

china where people could commemorate the events of 10 and it was an indicator of the territory's political freedoms under its one country 2 systems arrangement with beijing china hong tung one of the organizers of the event reacted to the sentencings i wrote disappointed in paul court had been failing to save got our rights to say the iraqi people was amiss they got a right to defend us russian. the cookie was stressing that. all of us have more freedom than now that it is not we are not sick a more freedom of the not a real seeking i'll grant you right under our constitution under our basic law under the bill of rights we have samuel chu of hong kong democracy council he joins us from washington d.c. samuel ewing your father have participated in the candlelight vigil in the past it's gone on for 30 years now young activists have been sentenced for showing up

your thoughts. well i think that the timing of this is unmistakable we're coming up on the 32nd anniversary next month just under a month and i think that this is a deliberate attempt to attend intimidate people from participating even though just weeks ago they have already announced a government that they're banning the vigil for 2nd year in a row and i think that today's sentencing is to make larry they don't want anyone to publicly memorialize what happened in 1989. and your father. very well known in hong kong had earlier also been sentenced for his activism the government has gone after so many of the major players where does that put the movement well i think that this is becoming increasingly clear to the world and to everyone and that the tactic that hong kong government or the beijing government is

using is to manipulate the rule of law in hong kong to pile of various charges for joshua log for example this is actually the 2nd conviction while he is already serving a jail sentence and so this has moved from jail sentence from 13 and a half months or 17 and a half months a few months ago and then out or another 10 months or $27.00 and a half months and i think that what they're really trying to do is to essentially de facto putting them in arbitrary detention while they're in prison they continue to prosecute them and i think it's important point now got joshua for example in his case he hasn't even gone to court for his case under the national security law which could mean up to 10 years or lighted. if he was convicted and so i think that this is clearly a way of putting together charges and cases that oftentimes have very flimsy

basis legal basis or evidence. but as a way of silencing and putting behind bars and keeping dubey high bars the most recognizable and how old boy says. that makes me wonder do you think we can ever see the kind of protests we saw in 200-1000 ever again well i think that. this is in some way a bat against hong kong or so to beijing it's making. i think it's worth remembering and point out that back in 89 there were a couple 1000000 people marches in hong kong even back to 10 times square protests was happening protest in the d.n.a. . it is part of the historic development of this art of the collective consciousness it is part of the civic culture in many ways so dominant in the civic

culture so i think that while we might not see the frequent lots of large scale protests that we saw in 21900 before cold it hit and before that actual security law i think that what you'll see is a lot you ward the square is creative way we're already seeing people using other form of public expression to continue to voice and express their dissent samuel cho thank you so much for joining us thank you. taiwan a paragon of good public health that has seen stunningly low numbers of covert cases and just 12 deaths the entire pandemic is not having the speediest vaccine rollout joycean he explains. waiting for covert to restart her

overseas studies and the way came back to taiwan last year to excavate from does a fear outbreak in the united states she plans to go back in the fall semester but she needs proof that she has been fascinated with one carrier in the chaos down the hall none of my friends have gone fax a name to when i told them i'm going to get a shot they were all fairy shocked and asked me to reconsider i rather a lot of news about these side effects of the job and i'm quite worried basically if my school doesn't have this requirement i won't be getting a shot. we know as a. taiwan began as fact the rollout in late march and astra zeneca is the only f.a. both vaccine on the island with blood concerns the facts in asia rate has been much lower than expected even medical staff are reluctant to get a shot why wouldn't use who was born for those who need to travel abroad they're willing to get the shot. before the majority of taiwanese people they're sitting on

the fence as local infection rate remains low income. taiwan is one of the top of almos in covert containment with only around a dowson come from cases and trials with a touch that so far but the island is far behind in the facts in asia raise the number of facts in dos and then the start per $100.00 people is only sorrow point 3 in contrast with the global effort 14 point too many taiwanese simply don't feel any urgency to get a jab. when you're going to spend years since the outbreak but life hasn't changed much the only inconvenience is we have to wear a mosque but i'm used to that already so i don't think that's the urgency to get vaccinated compared to other countries. i'm in the lower risk country and all covert containment measures are exceptionally good i don't think it's necessary to . thanks unaided but if it get worse i would reconsider but now that you know that

you know that i want to wait for other facts scenes because the side effects of astra zeneca seem to be quite serious now that your idea or thought you would get. to achieve herd immunity many experts say the facts in a rage must at least 70 percent taiwan's fact seen has a tendency to make the island fun or a ball was there won't open so but experts anticipate child one will pick up in july to august once western countries start to live travel bans when that day comes the challenge will be whether that's enough supply or fact scenes i want to be dealing with taiwan will eventually get to 70 percent vaccination rage because people want to travel abroad so to be honest i'm not worried about that i'm only worried about the supply it's not in our control the balance of supply and demand has been disrupted by the outbreak and. until this vaccination

rage the island will have to remain closed to the rest of the world joining us is journalist reinhold kilpatrick in taipei ryan this slow vaccine pick up is potentially a public health disaster waiting to happen for a country that has so far won the global p.r. campaign as a democratic model for combating covert what is the government doing to change public behavior on the matter if anything. key issue here right now i used to be earlier this year the government was concerned about not getting enough vaccines and after a few a pfizer fell through the ledge to apply to interference in beijing but just yesterday the health minister transferred joan told reporters that actually the biggest problem isn't supplies for all the public's willingness to get vaccinated today they introduced a new policy mandating 2 days off for. actually did they get the job in a kind of a side effects but that is unpaid leave and we'll see how well it works. perhaps at

the moment it's very difficult for the government to offer carrots to people because as you say it's been so successful is they want to get training the virus that it's been virtually untouched by so it has the rest of the world so there's not many things they can people at the moment schools are open businesses are open major events are going forward so it's going to take time when the more vaccines the come available more options such as pfizer. or a domestic they're. probably help people who are concerned about yesterday seneca virus was. seen which is the only one currently available here or when other places around the world so open up an international child comes. to but this is going to take a long time right it sounds like it's going to take a little bit of a time in taiwan now i want to ask about misinformation it's been a big driver behind a vaccine hesitancy in many places and i wonder if that's the case in taiwan. of

course a pandemic has been the locus for misinformation all around the world and tony is no exception as well as the usual rumor mill is that if you deliberate just information campaigns. from chinese state agents who are trying to so you know discontent and i address domestically. but because it has been responding to this very effectively it's been very clear it's you it's messaging. notably the work of digital minister or if you're trying. want to boss around the world i think what we're seeing right now is actually more than deliberate misinformation vaccine hesitancy has been informed by sort of skewed reporting that's been emphasizing the side effects on the rare cases of complications arising from the axioms. but i think the key distinction to make here is that facts and hesitancy is not true in so much by conspiracy as it is just i caution you know the urgency and want to just see how it turns out and take their time and not rush into anything that's

a huge distinction very quickly we do have a small outbreak i understand among a flight crew that has also spread to hotel staff how worrying is this. over the past couple of weeks we've seen over a dozen pilots and flight crew from the fi carrier air china airlines be test test for the virus and also hotel staff airport hotel entirely and so this this has been worrying but. yesterday there were 0 local cases today that there is one new custom to govern has introduced a slew of new safeguards right extending mandatory quarantine for flight crews and you know mandating 5 tests over this extended mandatory core into you know monitoring period. so there was finding to know there definitely responding to this little outbreak thank you so much ryan help kilpatrick in taipei. that's it for

thursday we're back tomorrow at the same time see you then by. the fight against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing what does the latest research say. information and contacts the coronavirus update nineteen's. on t w. in the art of climate change. this is. going to be used today or future. for bigger cities. click.

clack the nation's save children's lives they protect them against diseases like measles and polio but so far not against covered 19 but that could soon change many countries are considering vaccinating kids 12 and above against coronavirus thousands have already taken part in trials. usually i'm just at home doing on my own score and there's not much i can really do you know fight back yes. and with the results proving extremely successful research as a now looking at even younger age groups. such as them will soon start to be vaccinated against the coronavirus canada has authorized the biotech pfizer job for ages 12 and up jason kenney the premier of the. it.

says it will begin in organizing school children on monday canada has faced criticism for its slow pace of vaccinations despite having quite a large stockpile of his prime minister just in truth getting his job around the 50 cases in canada and recorded in people under the age of 19 other countries including the us are likely to also prove child but summations serious. well from all we're joined by dr noni macdonald professor of pediatrics and infectious diseases at dalhousie university and i do health center in halifax nova scotia thank you very much for joining us on this cover 19 special can you just explain to us why we're only now seeing vaccines being approved for children and teenagers is not a surprise at all rob the big point was when we looked at the epidemiology for coping and who died it was absolutely adults especially older adults it was not children

so in contrast to other diseases which were killing a lot of children in the past or having the worst disease like polio was much more a problem for young children than it was for adults the pressure was on to get a vaccine for adults 1st. but did they take into account the fact that children could potentially be spreading coronavirus. they were looking at that but they were not a speak spreaders it's not like influenza were with influenza school age kids are it they just moved out virus around like no tomorrow but for coverage again and they were kids were not the big big spreaders there's now which we didn't know at the beginning there's now some data to show that children in general he's part of the reason they don't get such bad dizzy says they do have a different immune response to to the virus than old people like myself and they

also don't have the same angiotensin enzyme converting enzyme in their lungs which the virus when it gets in there that's one of the ways in so there were 2 reasons why they didn't get such bad disease and the other piece i wanted to just jump in on is that when we do drugs we almost always start with adults because they can have permission when you're doing your trials there they're given permission for themselves where if we're going to do a trial in a child we have to have the parents' permission to do it in the child and the 1st thing they always ask is well what's the safety for adults for this so that's why i mean there are many reasons why children relate one it didn't look like they were the biggest risk group and 2 we rarely start with children but for many drugs to be studied in the 1st place. a lot of the trials haven't involves children it's all right so it's only really the. biotech vaccine that has been tested on children but

it takes a long time to get the other vaccines available for children. well there are trials that have been ongoing the astra zeneca child vaccine has just been halted for a little while but mcgurn has got one going on there are other companies that are doing the same thing and it's like a sequential thing i have to get my adult stuff trials down and those ones done then i have to go on and i will do older children and then i will do that middle aged children and then i do a little children so even with pfizer only down to 12 years we haven't done the 5 to 11 year olds yet trial has just started and they've just started rolling for that we probably won't have that data into a maybe late june early july as you mention there are crucial difference between vaccinating children vaccinated adults is that it's not the person who's being backed vaccinated the you've got to persuade it's in their interest right you've got to persuade parents it's not harder than persuading

a parent to get themselves vaccinations. well let me let me ask you a different question if you were watching a child your child being given a needle would you rather have the needle yourself or your child have the needle and most of us as parents would always like to protect our children from anything that's going to cause them pain ok so to volunteer your child to come forward to be in a study not a lot of parents are a little more cautious about that now i have to give you another piece when they did this study for 12 to 15 year olds not only did the parents have to give consent but the child themselves a 12 to 15 year old have to say and i agree to that i will be participating in this so it's a twofer for that one that they need to get consent from if it's a 5 year old well if the child when running out of the room it's unlikely he would be continued into it he would get enrolled in the child but you have to persuade the child that it's going to be ok and most children don't like needles they've had

immunizations of the past they know it hurts and they're not keen to do this you mentioned about children not liking needles we recently did a program on the call in 1000 special about nasal spray vaccines and what i hope they can offer is that something that is going to be a breakthrough for vaccinating children. any vaccine that could be given not with a needle is a breakthrough not just for children but there are 10 to 15 percent of adults who really taught like needles either so it would be a breakthrough period for giving back seems there has been some data in the past on nasal spray vaccines that was one maybe 2530 years ago the flu vaccine that did cause a problem had a serious side effect but the more recent versions of the flu vaccine have been very acceptable for children and they much prefer it to the needle so this would be a big step forward but there's other technologies that are being trying to be

developed micro patch ones where they're little tiny micro needles that you don't even feel like putting a band-aid on and again any of these new ones that don't have needles and if they can be shown to be effective when they're being done would be a wonderful step forward if i can just take a bit of a size step away from children and talk about pregnant women a lot of countries are not offering vaccines to pregnant women is that something that needs to happen. pregnant women are like children they're always the last into clinical trials for vaccines they're always the last into clinical trials for drugs and that's a real problem for us so just as a comment in general about pregnant women need any of the drugs that are used to manage women in pregnancy there are very very old drugs and it would be terrific if we had better drugs that could be used but everybody super cautious about doing

anything in pregnant women probably left over from the whole philip my desire stor but is that now 40 years ago and they're very very worried because we are t. know with all pregnancies there's always the risk of spontaneous abortion there's always the risk of something going wrong with the fetus so people are are worried that i have to compare what would happen if no drug was given to peer compare what's happening with my drug and most parents pregnant women really want to optimize the chance for their baby to be the best it could be so not always super keen to be in a clinical trial. folks in a mcdonalds that is the boss of the program where you get to ask the questions to our science correspondent derek williams. can you get infected by a single droplet or does it take more than bashing. this seemingly straightforward question turned into

a real rabbit hole for me because it's so interwoven with so many other issues a lot of them involve the still open questions surrounding variance do some of them need fewer viruses to kickstart an infection is that why some variants are proving to be so much more transmissible then there's the question of whether the dose of virus you were exposed to influences disease severity so so whether a low dose exposure maybe means you end up asymptomatic and a high dose exposure may be that you end up in the hospital and how do you explain what are known as super spreaders the small percentage of infected people who experts think contribute in a really big way to numbers of subsequent cases all of those questions are

closely tied to the seemingly simple one of how many aerosols in other words how much myra's it takes exactly to infect someone. so there's plenty of theory and postulation out there but the only way to really even begin to define some parameters is under controlled circumstances and what that boils down to is that researchers have to infect some people intentionally with varying amounts of sars coby to in order to see what happens next studies like that are called human challenge trials and and their ethical minefields of one involving covert 19 that's received a lot of coverage has been going on in britain for a couple of months now with the help of some brave healthy volunteers between 18 and 30 its 1st goal is to figure out the lowest possible dose of

virus needed to reliably cause viral replication in the nose and the throat in other words a measurable infection i'd expect at least at least a preliminary study telling us more to be published by this summer some time. and just before we go it turns out about single use paper masks aren't quite the fashion disaster that some people seem to think they are a dutch visual artist says she's created the perfect outfit for her vaccination day a ball gown made entirely of her used face masks marian says she wants to make sure she shows up for the job in style she hopes her outfit willing courage people to get vaccinated and includes protective gloves handbag and naturally face mask. that's all from this comic $900.00 special provide.

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