go ahead and they skateboard is a no different how did 19 precautions included a man a trademark squaring and social distance. coming up next on day w. is not a special program this time looking at the body language during the pandemic stay tuned for that i'll be back at the top of the hour with more news headlines. the fight against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing what does the latest research say. information and context the coronavirus update coming 19 specials next on t.w. . the little guys this is the something to 7 percent stuff about full force officers to treat issues and share ideas. to you know what it

looks quite. young people did you have a solution good future amongst. 77 percent now if you can on t w l. quick . down amidst the covered 9 pandemic. deciding how close to get someone to stay away holding back a girl her. can be a question of life or death. is a real and they communicated subconsciously through body language.

considering how. well the coronavirus has robbed us of our most meaningful ways to connect with each other it's a little sad it can be stressful to having to take so much into consideration every time you leave the perceived safety of your own 4 walls. the coronavirus has turned the world upside down how has it affected us since the lock down in march researchers from the university of basel have been using cameras to document how we adapt to daily life how we behave and how we act and moved during the pandemic. i must constantly decide with my body where to stand and they's a micro decisions the bodily movements should i sit here 5 centimeters further away these are the things that way of recording these are. give you.

since the pandemic began our body language has gained new meaning every day behavior is suddenly risky must be renegotiated or even dropped a lot of non-verbal communication is going on between us all the time. and sure here is a good example of how they are placing themselves nationally in a way in which they can also take their distance and these are micro decisions that he will make constantly. for studying the activity of paper distancing themselves how they really do it marmont by moment and one second it times. a few days later the experts analyze their findings at the university of. they discuss and try to interpret every dialogue every action and every tiny bodily movement. ok let's take one scene at

a time image by image. we witness who were. the findings from the 100 hours of video material should one day help to better understand humans are social beings the coronavirus pandemic is almost a stroke of luck for this unique research project. you know we've hardly had 2 waves now so what's really going to happen there be if. they constants they were changes that will remain in the long run. that's what's interesting about human interactions. they've already discovered one thing in basel we constantly adapt our interactions to a given risk situation and we do it quickly that's a finding that could also benefit coronavirus strategies understanding how people really tick can help devise rules and measures that people will actually follow.

and let's go more in. that report. the way humans interact with. yes of course it seems to have changed. things now in order to understand these changes i think we have to think about social interaction as even though it might seem an ecology sometimes as having its own organization its all on her and what could be just as. is the arrival of a lot of experimental norms. for prevention for early earth save. one of the mortals of the change but also the problem. is that sometimes these measures. in. the normal. and dogs in most organic order also who are actually and this is. fascinating

things that. i mean. what about cultural differences. in the germans and get way too close male feeling biting my personal space. enjoying having older space because of the public. yes culture of our relation is a is a big big things i would prefer. on certain these you can make things easy for certain kinds of groups rather than others if you think the examples that we have. in my college and push your readings are usually par. but if you look. at. functional aspects of things you will see that each culture has the same problems to solve we. showing the receipt process showing recognition and. all going to

assume the entry in the rock from you know coordinated way so those are the kind of basic principles that. in a way make make it possible. for methane which may make this made possible by mind the subject of huge variation and so if you will if you will rather in your cultural haptics form it still counts when you start a lot which means you can close the expense you might have more difficulty and then . have to format some awful. at the end of the day in connection with. how severe in parts of social distancing a human connection. yeah you know sort of the science is we're pretty critical of the notion of sort. because what we are witnessing with it will be that is a physical lisa which is not always and not a magically sort of something you know as of course a social aspect is

a cultural aspect but we have to think about the fact that. is viable in soho life there are activities that are naturally sums of order which need anything and the problem with cold lead is that we have these measures causing us to need. all these things which are perfectly implementable for certain activities much less for others and the decision how to implement these measures in people must be locally and the generate interest in the. normal dynamics people home from that way at some sort of this is going to be over. the long term i think some of this has to say. well of course if you will to say their response is going into this one direction one is that doesn't mean

i read that tory experience for us are scientists but those isn't about what is fundamental in sociality then we want so we want. tools normal sociality and you know what do those values where in these people before and probably does make. a conscious of that but they're also all the things that have emerged during the whole of it could be there's been no match for laboratory for experimenting other energy forms of social life and some of the most creative with . thank you very much. thank you. time to answer more of your questions now over to our science correspondent derrick williams. how with a pandemic and. only when the entire world backs unaided. when

it comes to predicting the future really your guess is as good as mine but if i did have to hazard one i'd say there are a couple of scenarios to choose from the 1st and least likely in my opinion is that will somehow manage to begin coordinating efforts on a hitherto unheard of scale to study i mean new outbreaks before they can spend out of control like they have already in country after country any return to anything like a prepared demick normal at least on a global scale will require speeding up and extending vaccine drives in every corner of the planet now and not later and of course the virus would have to play along by not mutating too quickly or or dramatic ways so so imaginable scenario one that

a lot of up at the meal i just think isn't going to happen. more likely they say is that vaccines won't stop at 19 transmission completely but they will slow it in many places and off to manage the virus like we manage other diseases just think the hiv aids or or measles in that scenario sars could be too would become endemic and possibly seasonal like the flu and would have to be held in check by active measures like like regular vaccine updates and as yet undeveloped medications people would continue to be infected by it and continue to die from it but but over time as large fractions of populations acquire some degree of immunity for at least a while through infection or vaccines a lot of experts think the disease could grow less deadly at least at this is

sayable scale so instead of thinking about when the pandemic will end to me it now makes more sense to formulate this question as when we get back to something approaching prepared and then normalcy and i think that could happen by the end of the summer in some places like here in europe and many others barring new developments i expect it to take several years that's my guess. finally the games get underway in tokyo in a couple months and organizers have been trying out one of the newest additions skateboarding athletes met at a sports poc to show off the tricks spectators strict hygiene measures though to keep covert of bay concerns about hosting the big event continue to grow 350000

people signed a petition the president of the olympic committee officially. knowledged the petition says the committee takes any concerns seriously it's unclear though if they'll be any changes to the get us. thanks for watching and stay safe i'll see you again very soon here on the gulf of life. where earth's fresh from the field. thanks to fight all mining plants are used as an eco friendly mining to. valuable metals found in the ground will soon be on these leaves as well. in the lab enormous potential of these super plants is on display. tomorrow today. next on t w. h. o

n doesn't seem modern day. artists search for trees. for the american. south. easy issue. art's 21. and 30 minutes w. . or. it's an ongoing quest for a bit of money to get to the arab spring began in 2011. people stood up against corrupt robbers and dictatorship.

they have tried more security more freedom more dignity have their hopes been fulfilled 10 years after the strain our rebellion starts june 7th w. . some plants and flowers are equipped with veritable superpowers want to know what they're good for stay tuned to find out. we also need to go with autism who's getting a special type of therapy to help her cope better with everyday life. and they might be tiny but we shouldn't underestimate them we take a closer look at money and how they communicate. welcome to tomorrow today your science show on d

w. animal is very low grunt chasseur obama it's their way of defending their territory coming their fellow creatures finding partners. but. we humans can't always hear them bats and whales for example emit sounds in the ultrasonic range. but they are not alone. if you go down to a summer today you might be in for a surprise and if you hear one mouse scurrying around to the next one be far away house mice are pack animals rather than lone wolves and researchers have been investigating their complex social lives a key point is the secret communication used by the small rodents my smell

a scent marks and similar to bad. they emit sounds and the ultrasonic range that is in humans. to understand more about the so-called mouse songs a research group at the university of veterinary medicine vienna set up live traps in place where mice aren't welcome. and. marconi have to check the traps regularly a painstaking exercise one that's vital for the research. we have on the dream was we want to work with wild mice to study the natural behaviors and the functions of songs in the wild things that sometimes extremely in brad and wild mice of very different in that behavior. that makes wild mice more suitable candidates here at the con had long since institute for comparative behavioral research the ultrasonic songs of mice were discovered back in 1989 but it's only

recently become possible to make them and all their complexity. for her 1st experiment dogs nickle luckiest chooses a male to confront with another male in the neighboring cage. a highly sensitive microphone records the ultrasonic sounds she uses a frequency diagram to make the sounds visible. but it's only when she slows them down by a factor of 20 that the whistle like sounds can be heard. this mentioned this and it's this my own head doesn't seem to show much interest and we can tell by the fact that the songs are relatively simple and there are no big jumps in frequency and what's interesting is that these songs are sung at relatively low frequencies. but will that change when she swaps the one male

with the female the 2 mice begin to vigorously sniff each other the sounds become much more intense. as a human to get singing so hear the songs already seem a bit more impassioned. i do already see more variations in the individual syllable . and they've risen to a higher frequency range between $60.80 color hurts. as soon as a potential mate is nearby the male begins to up his game and his frequency and attempt to woo her similar to the courtship songs of birds and the scientists noticed something else we found that there are indeed matters that are features and characteristics a need to look at these issues that might be different from one made there and we found that there can see stands and so over multiple recording say you can that's a record highs that made it. when the divider is removed the male

mice become even more stimulated the singing now even includes jumps in frequency. as in some time before overall we found unrelated has interacting with each other directly have the longest most complex song these pairs with the fastest to reproduce successfully. as capturing wild mice is very time consuming she wants to use this insight for breeding too. because once a pair of mice couple reproduction as a rabbit email mice can form pregnant up to 8 times per year bearing literally up to 11 the tiny newborns grow for within a few days. the male mouse is highly aggressive when chasing away arrival. he'll attack physically but also has another secret mode of communication using sense that he lives everywhere by

a tiny droplets of urine. this is can lose in skis field of research. he lays out sheets of paper in the enclosure that the mice walk over. he uses a trick to make their scent markings visible. exposing the paper to ultraviolet light. i think the sun marks of maize are interesting because these chemicals that are in the summer's almost the thing that's closest to writing in humans they can leave a little message they can also use this to kind of show their territory where they're living and to also give information about themselves. by analyzing the contents of urine especially the pheromones listens he wants to find out what other function the scent marks have. to do this he compares the urine of different male mice in a group. and we find that dominant males have

a higher expression of particular smells very moans then subordinate males if we present these smells to a female we find that the female prefers the smell of individuals that have dominant slow compared to subordinates. so both scent trails and courtship songs apparently help the mice to create optimal offspring and thus keep the species as fit as possible the team still have plenty of research to do as they continue their mission to unlock more of the secrets behind the mind which of mice . in our next report we focus on human communication in particular the challenges facing autistic children. a recent survey showed that 372 per 10000 children were diagnosed as having autism in hong kong and island 153 and

in germany 38. special type of therapy could help to make everyday interactions easier. francesca is in her element in the forest a place where she feels comfortable and safe. i hear my. status based. francesca is 12 years old and autistic. that might for her the forest is a peaceful place to come she can deal with leaves and other objects far better than with another human being. and the big issue is communication and francesca has her own way of communicating to us from just a hi you can optimize to have to call me. by. question

or. yeah when you have a child who can't sleep at night they're naturally going to be irritable and aggressive. writes i think that's what makes everyday life so tough for a child with autism. autistic kid and. francesca was diagnosed with relatively severe early infant tile autism therapists today referred to an autism spectrum disorder of which there are various levels the family's outings aren't always as joyful as this visit to the zoo. and your mom might give me. we might go out for a walk in the summer and then out of nowhere there'll be a lawn more for her a sound she can't place and one that makes her scared to see me angst. today the bellowing of the sea lions is just too much for francesca.

autistic people filter incoming sensory stimuli differently than others some are not so sensitive others like francesca feel quickly overwhelmed and retreat into their own world. children like francesca exhibits stress symptoms and might develop tics some self harm or become aggressive and fringes. and when they're unable to express themselves through language they might resort to more desperate means of communication. as issues this is what's in my family the worst moment for me was when she tried to play with another child at the playground but it wasn't possible i think she realizes that she's different to the other children she ended up biting the other child slank that's inspiring. so what can you do when your child shows that kind of aggressive behavior the autism outpatient clinic in your own back offers parents advice and support. learning therapist qatari no

floor uses pictures to help the children communicate. francesca is given a schedule containing symbols that show her what to expect in this therapy session . first up is learning how to set the table. so passing people be martic the problem is that people with autism own typing to respond so well it's only language based stimuli. they often need to visual. and that's where these pictograms help. someone post they often have difficulty understanding the context in question 1st and up noise soft this ystem which was 1st developed at an american university is now used around the world the visualisation helps the children in their temporal and spatial orientation both of which can be a huge struggle for people with autism. today francesca is more in the mood for

playing. once she's completed an item on the programme the picture card is put in the done box the clearly structured set up evidently pays off. kinda heading inland nursery age children diagnosed with early infant told autism. they couldn't talk about enough for us a few years later they'd made amazing progress fun for some made it into the best schools with ongoing support and it worked well. the parents then practice the activities with their children in everyday life the cards help francesca to give a structure to her daily routine at home and at school. so you've got those clothes on today right. so it goes into the box. for the past year francesca has only spent her weekends at home otherwise she lives in a special home a desperately tough decision for her mother to make but she felt unable to cope

so i said it was really stressful because you feel that you failed as a mother you want to be there for your child but i got to the point where i just couldn't do it anymore. for mishmash. it's a move that has benefited the family. back at the zoo francesca and her mom are trying an experiment by going to the on site restaurant how will francesca react to being surrounded by other people after some initial discomfort she starts to relax to the pleasant surprise of her mother. and for me it's kind of i'm so happy right now to see her sitting still a couple of times before she ran around moving trees and what have you. so i had to leave pretty much right away. to go on then. it's another little step forward on a journey that mother and daughter will be taking together and they're planning to come back to the zoo as soon as they can.

it's indisputable social media plays an important role in modern communication since 2015 the number of users has leapt from over 2 to more than 4000000000. in the philippines people log on to social networks for an average of 255 minutes that's more than 4 hours a day compared to 186 minutes or just over 3 hours in egypt 84 minutes in germany and 51 in japan. and what about you how much time do you spend on platforms like facebook twitter and instagram and how has social media changed your lives we asked you via d w social media platforms of course. cream among other rights social media has made communication easier but there are also alarming aspects such as hacking misleading

information and other negative content. marcus demas spends a lot of time on social media and learning something new almost every day he uses to talk and facebook as sales platforms pinterest and google for learning line and twitter funny use. one taras poses the question the other way around he writes it would be better to ask how long we don't spend on social media it will be easy to work out. the opportunities of communicating with others are practically unlimited given the sheer number of platforms it has that made us any happier for the opposite travel daniel from nigeria had a question about that. can spending too much time on social media make you depressed. instagram. the number of platforms has been constantly growing as has the global popularity

and usage has short. during the pandemic users can stay in contact with friends and family share information and stave off boredom all under lockdown but social media has always been controversial numerous studies suggest that spending too much time on such websites can lead to an increase in symptoms of depression amongst users. but is there a causal link here is it spending time on social media that makes people depressed or do they take to social media because they're already depressed the caustic question of which came 1st the chicken or the egg a recent study carried out by the american universities of arkansas into pittsburgh sheds more light on the issue users were monitored over a longer period 990 of the 1300 test subjects exhibited no signs of depression at the start but after 6 months of high social media use $95.00 of them had developed

symptoms. more research is needed before any definite conclusions can be drawn but in the study it was precisely those who used social media the most who develop symptoms. one factor causing depression may be that social media takes up a lot of time meaning other valuable pursuits come up short. another issue is constant comparison and the resulting pressure users feel to measure up to the impossible ideals of beauty and success that's especially the case on instagram the brain also has to deal with sensory overload as it struggles street sponge quickly to the massive information and images incidentally in the current pandemic the question is also how lockdown measures affect our social media consumption and whether it's excess usage that's driving depression or the lockdown itself or could

social media actually help alleviate depression in some case. huge research is needed. because what is right why. do you have a science question you'd like us to answer. then get in touch you can send us a video text ovoid smith if it makes it onto the show we'll even send you a little surprise as a thank you come on just dance. you can find more interesting science stories on our website and on twitter. accounts communicate with one another they do this via chemical substances that they emit from their roots and leaves and with color and fragrance they attract bees and other pollinators to help them reproduce after all they can't go on dates

to find a partner. some plants like corn have other amazing tricks up their sleeves researchers are hoping to harness those capabilities. this is no ordinary garden in the eastern german town of flyback what looks like a random array of plants in fact comprises carefully selected species with genuine superpowers. it's called final mining which is basically mining with plants we used partly conventional plants like corn to extract economically relevant elements from the soil such as germanium and rare earths and also gallium copper and zinc. it will now become apparent how well the corn did its job in the summer because it's harvest time a big day for biologists all of. the project at the local technical university but what makes the plants take in the various elements in the case of corn it's all down to a curiosity of nature. forn as such wants to absorb

silicone grasses in general are silicone accumulators. they extract silicone from the ground and store it in their leaves. the silicone then forms little stones that protect the plant from being eaten. fruits or and these all have the option takes place via transport mechanisms which due to a whim of nature cannot distinguish between silicon and germanium someone come on with a side. which is why the act like techniques of plants and flowers in the experimental garden then makes sense corn as we've heard collects germanium whether it's farm for animal or human consumption the similar looking melike does the same buckwheat on the other hand stores rare earths and its leaves and stems as to sunflowers.

why is that relevant rare earths are a group of 16 different elements with similar chemical properties. they're used in everything from mobile phones and l.c.d. screens to electric motors and wind farms. germanium is likewise used in high tech products and phones and solar panels and fiber optic and computer cables and night vision equipment. germanium this is also expensive one kilogram currently costs around 2000 euros so researchers are looking for cheaper alternative ways of extracting the precious substance this is how it works the corn mistakes germanium for the silicon also found in the soil and absorbs them both directly via its roots. the germanium is then guided along with the. transporters through the stems and into

the. here like silicon it is stored primarily and the cell walls. millet extracts germanium via the same method but buckwheat and sunflowers used a different trick. you might normally associate buckwheat with healthy organic cooking but it also happens to boast unexpected superpowers it's able to mine rare earths out of the ground the buckwheat does this by extracting calcium in the process acidifying the soil around its roots the acids cause the phosphorus and iron that the calcium is bound in to dissolve also releasing the rare earths that are in the phosphate rock. they only migrate to the leaves via their stems here they are stored in the cells their walls and in special water reservoirs come back you will see. the final mining project at the university and find that still has

a long way to go but all of a vicious says the potential in these plants is enormous the burden the. oils constitute the biggest source of these elements on the planet for centuries to come we could farm and harvest these crops and every year we find the same elements in the plants. of course in order for us to use the rare earths and other precious raw materials they 1st have to be extracted from the plants and that happens here at the universities by a gas plant the corn is turned into tiny chips and dried out before being weighed and poured into a reactor device together with the quantity of water here bacteria assume 2 important tasks they generate bio gas and break open the plant cells the resulting product is a liquid that is then pried out in half and. this

is they gave us this is the digest ate with and yet for us it's a can to plant or containing all the elements which we then want to make available for use. and that now involves burning the plant residue of. those treasured elements and then found in concentrated form in the combustion rancid to the ashes. because of the ports as though the entire process takes around 30 hours what we then get which you can see here are not us looking white and colored powders. germanium dioxide and rare earth sauce. and they will then be used in e-cards and cell phones and sides. the researchers aren't yet able to say exactly how much the test garden in fine back will harvest in terms of valuable the materials so far they've been able to produce around 50 grams of germanium and 50 grams of rare earths per hectare are not much

perhaps but for all of a vision and his fellow researchers a very promising start. for germany as an industrial nation it's massively important to have alternatives to regular imports of raw materials. i say this process needs to be turned into a pilot project as soon as possible to be usable in the future. holds but among. the potential in such plants has still to be fully determined some of them even have the ability to extract toxic heavy metals out of the ground on the fido mining front the researchers are confident of discovering further super plants that powers that we can harvest and harness. the another big step in plant research a team of scientists in singapore are attaching electrodes to venus flytrap sun and to back up plans for example to communicate with them the detection of distress

signals could help alert farmers to disease or pets sooner. the age. that's all for this week see you next time on tomorrow today until then take care and stay curious. i am. going.

to. implement. the big. money our. own doesn't modern day euro. artists search for trees or heard their mark. easy. marks 21. coming up on w. diversity on your own. this episode is

all about celebrating differences and advocating equal opportunity it doesn't matter where you're from what you believe in whether or not you have a disability or who you love diversity in riches our modern society we are against discrimination and for except your room. 30 minutes from w. . do you feel worried about the planet. money to. buy milk get on the green fence of cost and to me it's clear remains true. solutions are out there. to join me for a deep dive into the green transformation for me the future for the plants.

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outstanding shopping and dining offers and try our services. biala gassed at frankfurt airport city managed by for. this is day the news and these are a top stories. israeli troops are continuing to mass on the border with gaza for a possible ground invasion the army is targeting hamas this network of tunnels beneath civilian areas as residents flee meanwhile the palestinian faction is firing rockets at israeli cities at least is ready's and more than $100.00 palestinians have been killed in the hostilities so far.