it's a green transformation for me to hold a. news line from girl end conflict comes to tell of the hamas launches dozens of rockets from gaza and the heaviest bombardment yet of israel's key city one is really is killed as the projectiles hit tel aviv and israel's military considers its options .

welcome to the program air raids are sounding over tel of the view as fighting between israel and hamas militants reaches israel cental city dozens of rockets have been fired from gaza toward tel of the some struck a residential building in the nearby town of gun killing a 50 year old man blasts were also reported elsewhere at least 9 people have now died in israel since monday while in gaza the death toll is at least a 100 and $39.00 the conflict has now also spread to the larger palestinian territory the west bank. up to days of deadly bombings a new tragic record this strike on a gaza potman block is thought to be the deadliest single blast in the conflict so far at least 10 people were killed most of them children israel says it was

targeting buildings used by hamas militants. rescuers found only one survivor in the ruins. his name is mohammed how d.d. he is 6 months old and he is the only survivor of his family and no one was accompanying him. as israel struck gaza hamas sent its own wave of rockets towards israel more than 2000 missiles have been launched in the 6 day assault. some of these blasts hit a residential building in southern israel on friday night with no casualties. when sirens sound israelis run for shelter as here in ashkelon north of gaza. it has been very stressful but we are following government instructions we have faith in the army and our creator.

is not israel's only front in an intensifying conflict in the west bank tensions hit new highs protesters threw rocks israeli soldiers shot and killed 11 people. the united states has sent a diplomat to try and broker a cease fire between israel and hamas. but as flames infighting spread peace seems like a distant prospect. several 1000 people in the city of sydney have marked the palestinian national day with a protest against israel's attacks on gaza demonstrators gathered at city town hall and marched through the streets carrying palestinian flags and chanting slogans condemning israel it was also a smaller protest in. a day commemorates the displacement of hundreds of thousands of palestinians during the 1st israeli war that conflict began on this day more

than 7 decades ago. when britain officially withdrew from palestine in may 948 jewish leaders announced the creation of a new state to be known as israel. to many palestinians though the day is known as nakba also called the palestinian catastrophe what followed was a bloody conflict between arab states and israel and for palestinians the memory of displacement never forgotten for them is a day rooted in historical tragedy but its symbolism is still felt strongly today with the fight for statehood still ongoing. many palestinians hope by continuing to assert their culture it will keep the collective sense of nationhood alive and potentially onto the nakba. day is normally demonstrations

not just in the palestinian territories but all over the world. at times the events have turned into confrontations with israeli security forces. the recent unrest spock by the potential conviction of palestinians from their farms by israeli authorities who add more fuel to the fire for those commemorating this day. so i'm joined now by lieutenant colonel jonathan can wreak international spokesperson for the israel defense forces the israeli military thank you so much for joining us colonel you're speaking to us from ramat gan near tel aviv where one israeli man has been killed in a hamas rocket attack what more can you tell us. i can tell you that this is now the 6th day fighting from us and all the terrorists have fired more than

2300 rockets like the one that impacted here what you can see behind me by the way are the rescue efforts there and they're now taking away the remainder of the bomb more than 2300 rockets have been fired at our cities our civilians and as you said unfortunately there is an israeli fatality here a man of middle aged man who has nothing to do with gaza nothing to do we fight the he was in his home and he is now dead because of it i must rockets fired. the i.d.f. is obviously seeking to defend israelis from these hamas attacks from gaza but he's its response proportionate. yes it is and we our response is very proportionate. imagine yourself living in your home city in your capital city and having your campus on bombarded by rockets by a terrorist organisation that knows no law no boundaries that i was hopeful

disregard for human life our response is a measured professional and precise response and we are told you think that terrorists and their infrastructure and we try our best even in these very difficult circumstances when our civilians are foghat that we try our best to limits any accidental casualties to noncombatants. well 10 people were killed in one of the latest israeli airstrikes on gaza 2 women and 8 children those are hardly legitimate targets are they sure. well they're targets in that specific event it was a senior hamas leader i cannot see at this close his name but it was a senior hamas leader we're looking into the details of that specific event what happened who was with him and the entire situation around him we know from past experience is that it is a usual class of terrorists who have human shields with them and around them at all

primes so that if anything happens then the world will focus on collateral damage not on the fact that he targeted a terrorist and i can assure you unequivocal that he cannot target anything that is a terrorist and if there are is pilapil accidental damage that is an unfortunate result that it's definitely not our intention to kill terrorists to break their infrastructure and try to create a serious situation where they cannot fire rockets at our civilians that's the aim of our operation. are you saying very clearly here that those women and children who were killed women and children who presumably had nothing to do with this conflict as that. israeli man who was killed had nothing to do with the conflict or you saying that they were human shields. i am saying very clearly about the hamas has complete disregard for human life hamas embedded embeds itself

systematically as a way of practice within the civilian infrastructure they hide behind schools mosques and they also use human shields in order to protect themselves their seniors use human shields specifically about this event it is still unclear and i don't have the final details but i again i want to reiterate and be very clear we do not fall in civilians and we talk about ferries and we try to minimize collateral damage as much as possible we're not always successful in this but i can assure you that it's our aspiration we contrary to what you see behind me the impact site in the central city as well are not aiming for the civilians that is what the terrorists all doing our job is to stop the terrorists from executing i fax exactly like this one behind one has for appreciate that it's an extraordinarily difficult task to go after these so-called terrorists and also try to minimize. civilian casualties but doesn't the israeli military need to do more

to prevent civilian casualties in such a high density area as the gaza strip which is pushes you know is one of the most highly populated highly dense areas in the world. yes you're correct in your fact that it's very dense it's almost an impossible situation and what's really important to keep in mind is that the responsibility here i don't know if you can hear me at them if the line is ok we can the responsibility here and now it's in with hamas they are the ones who on purpose and bed themselves we've been sitting in infrastructure if they were outside of civilian infrastructure then believe me that wouldn't be a single noncombatant even scratch but the fact that they choice they choose to dig . well know it's under their civilians to use a video how such a plan to fire their rockets from within the civilian population sometimes it leaves us no choice but to attack those targets we do it with the most precise weapons we have we do it when we can we give advance warnings about

a certain area that is going to be under attack and we do whatever we can in order to minimize the risk you know on from about them that you have to understand israeli civilians are under fire we are 6 days and 2300 rockets of fighting you have 10 israeli city against him by these rockets that kind of aggression cannot and will not go on and so there has been some confusion about whether israel has already launched ground operations in gaza what can you tell us or. there are currently no idea of soldiers inside the gaza. well one wall street journal reporter says you personally gave her explicit confirmation that a ground offensive had begun and there were several media reports including some israeli media that this was a deliberate ploy by the i.d.f. to lure hamas fighters into more vulnerable positions how do you respond to those

claims. i have issued personally a clarification that gross and honest mistake made in a situation where i had the wrong information available and i provided that information as soon as it became apparent that it wasn't the correct information a swift clarification was provided and we corrected the situation it was by no means intentionally misleading. intended kernel jonathan can wreak as israeli international military spokesman truly appreciate your time sir. thank you. now earlier did spoke to journalist and gaza city we asked him if he was afraid as israeli airstrikes hit gaza. definitely. it's terrifying it's the least war that could be said if you if you talk to the people in the ground if you watch

the social media platforms always talking about the fear especially among kids and women and even men men are talking about that they they fear the strikes and they're trying to calm down their their kids and their children it's not easy time war is like it's horrible everywhere in gaza experience many confrontations and many wars before within the 10 years we are talking about 4 wars it's not easy to to cope with that definitely kids are traumatized afterwards when this all of this over many many of ports and many many many issues will be raised. you know about the trauma and the effect of this. you know strikes and ongoing consultation. now a vigil against anti semitism has been held in western germany earlier this week demonstrators shouted anti jewish slogans outside the city's synagogue but on friday supporters

rallied in solidarity with jewish communities police estimate around 300 people took part a spokesman for chancellor merkel said germany will not tolerate anti-semitic protests peaceful protests against israel's policies were allowed some of those took place in other german cities such as. now for some other news making headlines around the world at this hour india continues to struggle with shortages of medical supplies an oxygen in a 2nd wave of covert 19 the government has warned surgeon. says it's mobilizing the military to contain the spread on saturday australia sent its 1st repatriation flight after a ban on entry from india expired. a new dinosaur species has been discovered in mexico it's remains were uncovered almost 10 years ago and date back 73000000 years. say the species had ears that could

hear low frequency sounds there describing it as a peaceful but talkative diner saw. you watching the news here's a reminder of our top story hamas has fired dozens of rockets from gaza toward israel central city television some struck an apartment building in a nearby town killing one man this is the news we'll be back with more news as well with us at the top of the hour. species. expected. to discuss the secret language of oil. company a research team to the pacific coast. which of whales starts to fall. for

untold thousands of years we have relied on the sun's light and warmth its powerful rays making life and growth in our world possible police we worship and adore it. however the sun also expels tremendous plasma storms and these eruptions of energy challenged winds potentially capable of disrupting our power supply resulting in a global blackout. in fresh water to look even the infrastructures and technologies we use are vulnerable to space weather if it. isn't at this course they grateful for the sun but it also presents a major answer to for us basically when there is a solar storms. these storms occur time and again at irregular intervals of up to

several years and the last one in 2017 fortunately missed planet earth. in order to solve the enigma of solar storms nasa scientists have now developed the 1st probe that can fly into the sun and approach it more closely than ever before. will this enable scientists to investigate the risks posed by the storms or are we at their mercy. the astrophysicist folco boat researches the sun and is in charge of the german team working on building this new probe all its sides have to be equipped with

sensitive instruments capable of withstanding the extreme forces and temperatures. the most crucial component is a camera capable of observing the solar storms and focus is responsible for it. we can give an early warning about solar storms by making the appropriate base observations and there are some observations that can really only be conducted from space you need satellite technology and cameras on board which provide you with lead times and any precautionary measures taken depend on the time. the mission is meant to help provide advance warning unable to better prepare for the storms. but for this purpose research must be conducted on the origins of solar storms and the question as to why they pick up speed so rapidly in fact they reach such high speeds that it takes them just one to 2 days to reach earth where

they he says at 7000000 kilometers an hour. a comparison of full blown tornado rages at a speed of 500 kilometers an hour. and never before has there been a mission that has flown so close to the sun. such an approach is risky and so the probe must also set completely new standards nasa scientists call it the parkers solar probe. will be flying about 6000000 kilometers from the source or for us if this is the sum of distance back a sort of drop will be flying this close to the sun. the parkers solar probe will come 96 percent closer to the sun than earth and the outcome of this ambitious mission remains uncertain but this is the only way to explore how and when solar

storms occur this is there's no question that a strong solar storm will happen in the near future it's just a question of time and we want to be as well protected as possible before. because of a solar storm catches us off guard it causes incredibly high temperatures capable of melting even the biggest transformers in substations as occurred in october 2003 in south africa a widespread abrupt power outage would put water works in their pumps out of service. at the same time pipelines would stop conveying oil because they too run on electricity extended power failures caused by transformer damage would bring nearly everything. to a standstill since even emergency power generators can only keep operating for so long scientists warn that everything would come to a stop and food shortages would occur.

earth normally boasts a magnetic field that protects us from solar particles however when solar winds turn into a storm this protection is no longer sufficient. the mass of plasma then presses against the magnetic field compressing it. roman lay on heart of the conrad observatory i'm in austria has been recording changes in earth's magnetic field for years and such geomagnetic measurements can then be used to detect solar storms. protected from external influences he has ensured optimum conditions for he's measuring instruments here 50 kilometers southwest of vienna in a geophysical research facility on travel there mountain.

normally this magnetic field is rather quiet with hardly any movement but when a solar storm hits we see a significant jump in activity. of these measurements of earth's magnetic field are important in assessing the solar storm data recorded by satellites. the more data are available to us about a solar storm the better we can predict where and with how much force it will reach earth and how much dangerous energy it will unleash the key question is when a solar storm will overload the power grid. professor renna has developed a system enabling him to determine how the extraordinarily high current will impact the power grid based on geomagnetic measurements taken here in this observatory. solar winds hitting earth are also visible in other ways the magnetic field lines on the side facing the sun connect together and enable electrically charged

particles to flow into earth's atmosphere there they stimulate atoms making them glow. so it's actually the effects of solar storms that cause the northern lights at the poles sometimes in red and sometimes in green. in the event of strong solar storms the lights are visible farther away from the polls as well continuing farther and farther toward the equator. it's is rare to see this phenomenon as a total solar eclipse. and. when the moon passes in front of the sun we see a bright halo of light around it known as the corona and that's where the parkers solar probe is flying because it's where solar winds are created and precisely

where something unusual happens if you have a come fire the further away you move from it the cool it gets but does not work for the sort of core when you look at the surface of the sun the temperature is about 6000 to greece. moved up about 23000 kilometers in the temperature of the plasma more than a 1000000 degree that is completely counter-intuitive it would not it would not be that way but sun magically dust things that are out of the ordinary and one of them is what we call the core and hitting the core on it is more than $300.00 times hotter than the solar surface. understanding coronal heating is crucial for the scientists and it's why fulk of bode miller was determined to take pictures there and equipped the probe with a special camera in collaboration with his nasa colleague russell howard in washington d.c. . the nasa scientists in

washington had not yet decided whether the probe would have a camera on board as its load capacity was limited. folco boatman not only had good arguments on hand but also had long been friends with his american colleague russell howard they both shared an affinity for the sun. you good to see you then from your bed oh it was a good feeling. in the end to russell how would to decided to install a camera on board the parkas solar probe and began making 1st drafts of his space camera an instrument he would like to take special pictures with i actually love to talk graffiti i've always loved harvey so this is this is amazing. my personal goal was to really to have an instrument that i could

see see the sun see the corona not the sun but the cross or corona. the camera needed to have a view angle that would capture the corona around the sun and for this purpose it had to be placed at a certain position on the probe. here we have a model of the of the whisper instrument and when the wife said to be in this position. of. on the spacecraft. and just just about so. the camera would be very sensitive to light meaning that boatman and howard would have to prevent sunlight from being able to shine on to the camera's lens while it took photos of the corona. i think were said could you switch off the light voelker yes and will do it will. be to your staff it's important for the sunlight to be shielded off because the camera is

meant to observe structures in the solar wind and the corona that are millions of times less bright. the heat of the sunlight is also so dangerous that the camera must always be protected by shade. after long consideration an agreement was reached on the concept and construction of the camera could begin. it owes its unusual shape to the 2 wide angle lenses while the camera cover which protects the lens is installed the neat can be opened on the side. but when taking pictures the exposed lens is appointed in the direction of flight and dust particles from space are expected to hit the front lenses at high speed meaning damage is inevitable. it was hard to predict how hard the lenses would be impacted as boatman and how it would breaking new ground. but

they couldn't risk the camera being blinded so they needed a glass with a special extra top surface and tried out different variety something you see any with the naked eye you know i can see some spots a lot i want. oh that's interesting and i can compare it with everything with the other 2 types. so much to put small tells them so. what will happen is when no one in the band is coming out we're going to see it and then the spacecraft will run into though that. we're going to be flying through that sort of harsh particle environment i mean that's a risk. it's sort of like dust on your car window that you get these impacts and when if you have a very old car you have a lot of dust impacts and it when you're driving into the bright sun and it's

really difficult to see. so. it's the same problem that we have. folco boatman and russell howard already have valuable experience building space cameras together on a previous projects they photographed solar winds in 3 d. . what kind of cameras to trust to have on board that's never been done before. we don't have such cameras that's correct. in 2006 the mission sent off 2 satellites at once called stereo a stereo be enabling the solar wind to be photographed from 2 sides at once but only from a very long distance. the grigor solar telescope stands at an altitude of 2400 meters at the foot of pico dealt a day on the island of 10

a refit where almost ideal conditions prevail for observing the sky. as the largest telescope in europe this telescope helps compliment observations by the parkers solar probe from earth. usually air turbulence in the atmosphere poses an obstacle to observing the sun from earth but luzzi a client has a special mirror in her telescope that can compensate for such distortions. what's more the swiss scientist can observe the sun around the clock from here. park is all approach the congress all approved can take measurements they know during certain periods when it's close to the sun well we can take solar measurements every day. the telescope strong point however is its particularly high resolution and neighboring b.

astrophysicist to study the sunspots with precision. is on the head and his son has an 11 year cycle meaning that every 11 years it exhibits a particularly large number of cardinal mass ejections and sunspots and we've been aware of this cycle for centuries in the past sunspots were seen as somehow evil because every time their current they lead to disturbances and so less storms but we now know that sunspots are actually just cool areas on the sun's surface. around the stance the sun's surface resembles a pot of boiling water with hot plasma rising from the depths cooling down and sinking back down again this results in a vibrant pattern of bright bubbles with dark ages. and investigating them took fine tuning and cooperation. in solar physics we always try to

aggregate the data from all telescopes and space probes because only by combining them can we really find out about the sun. if such extensive observations had been being carried out back in 1909 canada might not have experienced the devastating power outage that affected 6000000 people. in the winter weather of course back at minus 7 degrees not only did the district heating fail but the children's hospitals power suddenly went out in the middle of several surgical operations. the transformers couldn't handle the enormous power surges. in austria the electricity grid provider a.p.g. and therefore operate special transformers designed to compensate for the hazardous d.c. currents caused by solar wind however it will take decades for these kinds of transformers

to become commonplace because due to their prohibitive costs electricity grid operators can only install such transformers here and there a solution must be found and follow when when a solar wind head south it's a fact are not limited to a small space but they actually impact a very large area meaning multiple transformers will undoubtedly be hit when you most elements fail at once however this naturally results in power outages and in the worst case even a blackout because. bowker both know wants to make sure that solar storms do not become nasty surprises which is why scientists shouldn't be the only ones privy to the solar data recorded. instead there should be an easily accessible option for anyone to quickly get an idea of the sun's conditions and folk

a boat has developed an app that directly displays nasa's observations of the sun. since the topic is becoming increasingly important to us and society i wanted to develop a space weather app enabling you to have easy access to information about the sun's activity at any time along with what consequences that might have in the coming days. reading tea leaves to forecast solar storms is no alternative to scientists working with validated data to make their predictions even if they are tested to their limits. of theirs on this one is so complex that you can simulate it as a whole you can imagine it's magnetic field like a rubber band running from the north to the south pole so you tell it that the sun rotates faster at it's quite said than at the poles meaning this rubber band gets twisted up which is precisely what leads to so listed.

the magnetic field lines binds tons of plasma to them however if they become so in tangled that they burst open they hurtle this plasma out into the void of space. it's still relatively young clay whether solaced own scandal predicted at all because if solar storms attack a chaotic it will never be able to predict them several days in advance. solar storms not only here planet earth but also this very cool zones around us which are homes are orbiting g.p.s. satellites among other things and these form the basis for our navigation systems

in this case there is the g.p.s. is disturbed by solar storms this also has your determent position you'll certainly know you're in europe or america anyway know if the runway is ahead of you or to use only the navy. imprecise navigation is a nightmare for pilots and aviation safety with accurate signals absolutely mandatory in order for nothing to go wrong. this problem can pose life threatening risks for example when japan temporarily lost control of 2 g.p.s. satellites in 2003. g.p.s. signals move through the iona steer that surrounds earth like a shell so if it's deformed by a solar storm this distorts such signals. but it lets during the last strong solar storm a few years ago about 60 aircraft were not allowed to take off and

a flight radar. failed in scandinavia flu qadosh it's got. some american airlines are already taking space weather into account and the international civil aviation organization recently established a working group to determine when aircraft must remain on the ground. co-creator we need hard space weather data for forecasting and we need appropriate standards enabling information to be passed on worldwide as to what effects can be expected under what space weather conditions and what actions must be taken but that is still in the process of being developed for the coming years. nature has its own struggle with space weather with some birds and insects for example the monarch butterfly relying on their own navigation system based on earth's magnetic field. this normally enables them to reliably find their way to their winter home however

if earth's magnetic field is disturbed by a solar storm the sensitive insects get lost. in autumn when the sun is no higher than 52 degrees in the sky it gives the starting signal for millions of monarch butterflies to begin their 3000 kilometer journey from the higher latitudes of north america down to mexico. every year they land at exactly the same place again within an area of just 20 hec terrace for 5 months they take in the sun along the pine trees before starting their return trip. but they lacked the strength to persevere for the long trip and will never reach their distant home in north america. the parkas solar probe also requires a lot of energy for its long flight 1st it must fly to faraway jupiter to pick up

extra momentum and be flung by its gravitational pull before venturing onward to the sun. but the concept has been the subject of spirited to base among researches because the side trip to jupiter would require the probe to be equipped with its own nuclear power plant entailing an enormous investment even for nasa guys wander through this where they think yeah yeah that's progress i think we have to discuss this because most of your focus boatman discussed the flight route with the nasa team once again and the costs were too high so a new trajectory had to be found russell howard and folk aboard considered one part might work as an alternative to the jupiter route we're going to change the trajectory of our satellite by hitting venus and then. go directly to the sun. and i conceive ok so here i am sitting on my rocket i have to get the speed

right to. quit. you need and the nasa scientists agreed that the probe should start off toward venus where it will be slowed down by passing by before continuing onward to the sun. this also significantly increases the available measuring times because the parker solar probe will not go around the sun just twice but 24 times. the european space agency e.s.a. is also working on solving the mystery surrounding solar storms and have also been developing their own probe for over 12 years called the solar orbiter. that is on boats with. a special thing about a solar orbiter is it trajectory which will take us out of the plane of the sound system all our observations so far are from the perspective of. and because all the

planets revolve strictly within the plane of the solar system like on a record player it would take a lot of effort to escape this ecliptic and we feel what we are missing is data from the solar powered bots the only way to see the poles is to fly out of their clip take and observe the poles from above. danielle miller coordinates the various solar orbit attains and one of their biggest challenges is to ensure that the 1000000000 euro object can withstand the heat in france for example various materials have been tested for years to do just that. new sums i.v. i developed a process we have managed to develop special materials and methods for these instruments enabling them not to melt. metal you off of so that the instruments can continue taking measurements and achieve the expected result jaleo as are documented on. 10 different measuring instruments have been developed for the solar

orbiter one is able to detect the x. rays from the sun with this instrument physicist see a client utilizes an optical grid that the x. rays pass through. an important stepping stone in the study of solar storms. in safe and visible light you can only see the effects of soda eruptions that's true x. rays you can investigate that causes that in our instruments we have 2 metal grades and on them you can see a pattern caused by the x. rays on the pattern is unique in their ways depending on where the cellular eruption occurred on the sun thus allowing us to determine exactly where the particles came from that fund. this special ability to locate the eruptions is unique to the e.s.a. solo orbiter probe nasser's park a solar probe can't do that so both probes will complement each other.

assembly had to be 1st with just a year before launch the probe and all its details had to be finalized. meanwhile the start up procedures were being tested in the control center over several months. in early 2020 the probe was finally ready for launch. you know you might. be in the year on year for me looking good you know bring memories and we are going to be off. the solar orbit so we'll spend 7 years collecting data from the sun employing its 10 different on board measuring systems all from different european countries. passing on either side orbiter has meant

a lot to me because it has shown that you can build a very complex things together with a lot of other people all incorporating their different areas of expertise i've seen over the past 12 years how many people have invested many years of their lives giving it their all to make this as good as possible. yes to getting solar storms has been a long held dream for many nasa scientists too as early as 958 when nasa was founded there were those who wanted to conduct a mission to the sun at the time assistant professor eugene parker had only just proposed the theory that there might be solar winds for his bold thesis to be verified they would have to organize a mission to the sun we knew that the space age was coming and that we would soon cast directly whether there was the solar well. ever since the matter of a few years of time. doesn't make time for who had enjoyed the difficult same

praising the existence of solar wins lay not only in our inability to launch a space mission but also in the fact that the phenomenon was disputed by respected scientists eugene hawkers theory was completely unprecedented and was rejected by many. the referee saying just an i don't alarm her. rear baha about not going to make such statements. was. i don't know why i was so difficult for some people or just don't see. a new way one time changes and concepts change there's no change when that there are. changes in. their dislike of them pass iowa saw. a good rationale changes flung.

out over 90 years old mr parker is finally able to reap the benefits of his work in astrophysics 60 years after he discovered solar winds it's now possible to take the 1st measurements and photos of them in the middle of the corona. and the spacecraft has been named the parkers solar probe in his honor. where heat of the sun is unfathomable rising to 15000000 degrees celsius at its core the energy is then emitted outward via particles in a process that can take hundreds of thousands of years during this long journey outward the particles become fatigued diminishing in energy and turning into visible light. scientists have determined that the sun's visible surface still has a temperature of 6000 degrees however.

the space probe is prevented from melting mainly through its heat shield composed of carbon compounds a mere 11 centimeters thick. but the question remains as to whether this will suffice to protect the measuring instruments. while the side of the heat shield facing the sun is meant to withstand up to $1400.00 degrees the dark side will be almost room temperature. in addition a water circuit cools the solar cells in order to prevent them from overheating. and after all temperature is not the same as heat temperature is only a means of measurement while heat itself is discharged energy. in gaseous heat the energy particles are spread out so thin that the probe would hardly come into contact with them meaning despite temperatures in the corona of 2

to 3000000 degrees the heat doesn't pose a risk to the spacecraft. at nasa the parkers solar probe was almost finished and only a few tests remained this mission success would depend heavily on whether the camera mr howard and mr boatman had developed was stable enough even for a space flight or their design is very sturdy weighing in at 10 kilograms but a rocket launch is so powerful that it's necessary to conduct a special vibration test. this is a critical point for all space missions which is why there's a dedicated laboratory where the vibrations can be simulated. part of constructing a space experiment is proving that it's going to work in space that it's going to

survive this very violent launch i mean i i can't imagine being an astronaut sitting on top of a rocket. during during the launch is just. that there just boggles my mind that somebody would do that knisley. it's a very tough ride and but so that the vibration is is part of the launch the launch sequence. the camera cover could also present a problem because if it were to fail to open the lenses would be blinded. the parkas solar probe thus underwent test after test. 3 months before the launch. with skiver that we have a problem with a set of heat sensors on the spacecraft. we had 87 of them. on

the spacecraft and just a few of them and when i say phew i think it's 3 or 4 thing. i remember that they vividly it was it was absolutely electric. and the team was so nervous i mean we are seeing the finish line. but we may not crossing that was that was not a good feeling to have but the team is so great so. in a month and a half. they came up with a solution. we'll store the new system of its sense of space go. but on top of that figured out what part what was the root cause of the failures of the other the old system and now when the spacecraft we have to system of it's sensors and they are working both you together and beautifully without problems. only the largest available rocket the delta 4 heavy could provide enough lift to launch the probe

from cape canaveral air force station in florida. 65 a 3210 such a by the delta 4 having run with masses for her soul of roll. back and that day in 2018 a lifelong dream of eugene parker's came true.

the further away the probe is from earth the more difficult it becomes to communicate with it and directly at the sun there is radio silence. operating like a sort of probe is one of the most challenging arm aspects of the mission. when we get into the encounter more when the spacecraft is very close of song it has to be 100 percent autonomy. by that i mean if there is something that happens with spacecraft it has to solve repayed such we cannot intervene we cannot do anything for. a world wide network event tenners and mabel's data to be exchanged and yet contact between earth and the probe is only possible when the 2 are in a particular configuration with each other. so

basically when we get in the. encounter mode the only way to communicate with spacecraft is what we call a beacon trolls and because those are fairly limited bits of deliberately fills us the overall state of the operation level of the space guy and they are limited but we called the fund beams and this front beams the image basically 180 degrees wide . beam of review and the earth has to be very light and there's this really in order to detect it for good and hopefully today we've got to be controls so the turners tucked behind the. yes it would not see the. load of has to operating temperature. so let's look young. now all the scientists could do was wait and see until the parkas solar probe could

transmit its 1st data a journey that would take $88.00 days and nights $88.00 days that would pass according to the rhythm of the sun as they have passed for millions of years. solar time is the time shown by a sundial the engineer carlo helen developed sundials himself and he and his daughter a well acquainted with the rhythm the sun sets out for us and how the day is divided into hours and minutes. on the sun dials produced here you can see that our official summer and winter times rarely coincide with true solar time yet solar time is crucial for our bodies . is on the gate amongst all the sun rises in the morning and when it reaches its zenith this is referred to

as solar noon the real midday zones and it's defined as 12 o'clock solar tartuffe and this noon divides the day into 2 halves of exactly the same length on our circadian rhythm is based on solar time and centered around 12 o'clock noon and were sent to me yet. our bodily functions depend on the solar time and sun dials show us which phase of the day we're in. the south. as the sun rises our blood pressure and body temperature rise and we wake up and then when the amount of blue light he creases again and the evil in our bodies release melatonin and we lie down again to sleep and the next morning it all starts back over again thanks to the sun. the sun's power and radiance are immense and there is no doubt that we live in its

atmosphere as scientists say making it all the more urgent for us to explore the sun's mysteries using all the means at our disposal. if it is only we will observe the sun with telescopes we will also measure the breath of a sample in the solar wind as it passes by the satellite and if we can really make that connection with data from the parkers solar probe we will really be able to reconstruct a chain of cause and effect and manage to better understand our place in the solar system as a 1st in. the nasa mission is going according to plan so far with the parkers solar probe sending it signals to worth on time there's a feeling of suspense in the control room whenever a new dater is expected because the special camera developed by mr boatman and mr howard is already providing sensational pictures after the 1st phase of the mission

it became clear to the scientists that the image we had had of the sun so far was far too simplistic before the laws we had the workshop to. basically to make predictions of what corporate bucket sort of probes going to see in space. all the predictions are completely wrong. what we are seeing in the data isn't youth new phenomenon that phenomena that we never seen into saw it before. it's now clear that the magnetic field lines of the sun do not spread out evenly but instead they cool spontaneously zigzags within seconds and this may be a key element in understanding solar storms. the 2 probes will continue sending data earth for several years and each revolution around the sun will reveal new findings.

science will try to provide us with the answers to pressing questions in order to protect us from the dangers posed by the sun. to. diversity on your backs this episode is all about celebrating differences and advocating equal opportunity it doesn't matter where you're from what you believe in whether or not you have a disability or who you love diversity and riches our modern society we are against

discrimination and for except your x. . 30 minute w. . w.'s crime fighters are back africa's most successful radio drama series continues all of us odes are available online and of course you can share and discuss song w. africa's facebook page and other social media platforms crime fighter tune in now. true kids play low flush weeks extravagant outfits and glitter glitter. the fighting against prejudice called cable life. form recognition. club

stars the big stage. trend kids starts may 17th on w. . going to. play. a dramatic escalation of the conflict between hamas and israel israel's. gaza destroying a building that was home to international media organizations the israeli military warned to get out before the blast this after hamas launches dozens of rockets from gaza in the heaviest bombardment of television one day and is killed as the

projectiles strike israel steen city.