news live from berlin no diplomatic breakthrough and no letup in israeli palestinian violence palestinian rescuers comb through the rubble searching for survivors after another night of air strikes one of the targets the home of the top hamas leader in gaza also coming up india struggles to dispose of the dead as groener virus deaths continue to rise villagers find the bodies of hundreds of covert $900.00 victims strewn along the banks of the river ganges. and crunch time in the just leave. and hope themselves another season in germany's top flight.

michael ok welcome to the program the international community is calling for an end to the latest conflict between israel and hamas militants the united nations security council is due to discuss the violence in the coming hours u.n. secretary general antonio says he was dismayed by civilian casualties in gaza meanwhile there's been yet more bloodshed in the conflict which is now in its 7th day. now. calling out for survivors rescuers pulled the injured from the rubble and retrieve the bodies of those who didn't survive. several gaza apartment blocks were bombed in the early

hours of sunday. the human cost is still being counted. on the number of people under the rubble is still unknown and as we've heard from the families in the neighbors it's a large number and we're still working here. israel says it's over not strikes were targeting a senior hamas political leader and taking up tunnels and rocket launch sites the response from hamas came quickly israel says about half of the militants rockets have fallen short or been intercepted by the aerial defense system. but others have hit their targets residential areas such as here in tel aviv one man died when a hamas rocket struck his house others narrowly escaped death. 2 more meters and it would have been my house. coming out. israel's

destruction of this gaza building hosting several media outlets has raised international concern israel says it was also used by a hamas intelligence operation associated press has demanded evidence and says the world will now know less about what is happening in gaza. on saturday funerals were held for 10 family members killed in an earlier israeli airstrike only a baby survived desperate diplomatic efforts are underway to broker a cease fire and avoid more such tragedies. for more i'm joined by the reporter sean to resign as who has covered the region extensively sean it's nice to see you the u.n. security council is finally set to address this conflict what kind of pressure can they bring to actually stop the fighting well it has taken them 7 days already and

we need to keep in mind when we're talking about what happens with the international community including the u.n. this is mostly about the p.r. this how it's being perceived in the world and israel is very much aware of how important that is but there are no real actions they can take especially since we're expecting the americans to veto any resolution or condemnation that will be attempted at at the u.n. security council which is actually also the 1st big test for the american u.s. relations and their new biden regime and it seems like it is not breaking form the tradition u.s. . israeli dynamics that we've seen in previous regimes as well could the prospect of a cease fire actually incentivize both sides to ramp up the violence in order to take advantage very much they actually stopped michael very much we're seeing it time and again in these rounds that we've been seeing so many of the both sides know they are now in a race against the clock they have very limited time where they can still have sort of international credit still at each side want to make sure their they have the

upper hand you know and this is this cycle that is unbreakable but both sides will try to show us that they are not defeated they're not so easily defeated and they're not coming to the cease fire from place a weakness that means we'll see a lot more fire and then all the sudden it will be silent hopefully soon to that and what concessions would need to be. made on both sides well officially there are no target targets that have been set for israelis and they have not publicly said what they're expecting in order to get a cease fire but we know from past experience that mostly they just need to stop and make some sort of commitment with international allies to be for that hamas on the other hand they have the exiled leader khaled mashaal he posted yesterday he is expecting israel to ensure freedom of worship with israel has no problem with for example expect israel to. leave any you know to leave it alone and never have no

contact with the mosque for example israelis will never concede to that. these are some of the terms they're making again it's some of it is tactics they're trying to end up you know the talks so they can have something to withdraw into come or comfortable position. international powers in the sense of the pressure coming through p.r. and you know and the way israel is being perceived in this is quite meaningful the pressure of international community is very meaningful and eventually it's going to have to also align itself with the interests of both science to decide ok we've made our achievements we showed our strong hand now we can move on hopefully it's coming soon within a day later. honest with her perspective on this surely will see more of you thank you michael for. let's turn now to some of the other stories making headlines around the world at this hour thousands of people have been protesting in

haiti's capital port au prince calling for an end to the island's kidnapping crisis criminals indiscriminately take women children of locals and foreigners for ransom in the united nations says 234 people were abducted last year that's 3 times as many as a year before. pope francis has celebrated mass in honor of mir and maher he repeated he repeated his calls for peace and an end to the violence there that has left hundreds dead in nearly 4 months military sees power in a coup de railing the country's tentative progress towards full democracy. and researchers looking to bring high speed internet access to users worldwide are taking their mission to space space x. launched another batch of starling broadband satellites from cape canaveral in the u.s. state of florida on saturday the reusable falcon 9 rocket carried $52.00 satellites

on board this marks the aerospace companies 15th falcon flight this year. to india now where the spread of the krona virus appears to be slowing cases there have fallen for the 3rd day in a row raising hope that the worst could soon be over but deaths from covert 1000 are still rising more than 4000 people have died in the past 24 hours alone as the death toll mounts disposing of the dead is becoming increasingly difficult. bodies strewn along the river bank victims of india's coronavirus catastrophe. your heart be hot the ganges meanders through a village and the water flows very slowly here so the bloated corpses get caught on the river bank it's turned the whole area into a pile of bodies. as desperation takes hold in the scramble for covert 19

vaccines and treatment india's 2nd wave is also affecting the disposal of the dead state officials believe some families are unable to afford the costs of commission as demand skyrockets according to official numbers india has suffered nearly $4000.00 deaths per day so over a week but the true death toll may be even higher. wherever they can and people are taking advantage of other people's misery i saw it at a commission site where they were charging exorbitant fees relatives a hopeless as they have no other choice they have to pay whatever is demanded no matter how unreasonable. there are small signs of improvement the rapid spread of the virus seems to be slowing sparking hope that social distancing measures may be starting to have an effect. more vaccines are also on their way

a 2nd batch of russia's v landed on sunday but getting enough vaccine to protect india's 1300000000 population will take time for now indians are left picking up the pieces of the devastation left behind. here are some of the other major developments in the pandemic britain has warned that a fast spreading grown a virus variant 1st identified in india is likely to become the dominant strain of the virus in the u.k. that could disrupt the country's reopening plans authorities in taiwan have appealed to people to avoid panic buying earlier the government imposed new restrictions on gatherings and movement to stop a spike in infections and 2 months before the tokyo lympics 60 percent of japanese favored the cancellation of the games that's according to a new opinion poll the country is battling a 4th wave of corona virus infections and only one percent of the population has

been fully vaccinated. for now and face bremen in the bun is legal with both sides barely above the drop zone out came away from the encounter victorious securing another season in the top flight the last left bremen in deep trouble and with a new coach. the message was simple and obvious work the fans believe anything less than a win for their team could mean having to prepare for the 2nd division even with one more game to play. their coach marcus vine ciro knew it too. and so did very braman coach florian cole felt his team was an even worse shape trailing 2 points behind our sport. but things swung in his team's favor in the 13th minute when oust work midfielder ruben vargas was given his walking papers for attempting to kick an opponent which took v.a.r. to confirm it man advantage better braman.

were compensated well and then in the 57th minute scored when ronnie kadeer a took an opportune shot after a fortunate balance went his way from a corner one nail explored. the brim and pushed forward but it was not to be. and in the final minute of regulation time this all sport breakaway and penalty shot. taking the honors was danielle colleague judy. to nail the final score. outs work celebrations were understandable as was brakeman's disappointment so much so that it cost coach coach felt his job he's been replaced by thomas shot in a desperate move by the club to stay in the bundesliga with just one game left. for

however can breathe easy now. they get to remain in the top flight next season oh and it's final league game coming up it's against byron munich and a very hungry robert love and hunt for the all time goal scoring title i'm. glad not to have to win. and speaking of rubble he's tied the record for the most been his legal goals in this season 40 to be exact in byron's draw with freiburg on saturday the polish striker scored from the penalty spot in the 1st half equaling legend. the record has stood for almost 50 years and levelled off the food even break it in byron's last game the season. leicester city has won the f.a. cup for the 1st time in the club's history defeating chelsea one nil at wembley stadium getting the winning goal was yuri tillman's with aides to reflect shot in

the 2nd half survive the late when chelsea school would get the goals disallowed for offside the match also marked the largest crowd at a football game in britain since a krone virus pandemic began with more than $20000.00 fans attending the match as restrictions begin to ease. the late basketball great kobe bryant has been inducted in the n.b.a. hall of fame he was killed last year in a helicopter crash with his daughter and 7 others on board brian played his entire career with the los angeles lakers and won 5 n.b.a. championships with the team the 18 time all star is being honored with a special exhibit called colby of basketball life that explores his privilege for career bryant was inducted by michael jordan the only other player to receive his own exhibit covies we also address the audience talking about her husband's achievements. coming up after the break our documentary

about the mystery of any season we will have more news headlines for you at the top of the hour don't forget you can stay up to date with all the latest on our website dot com and do follow us on twitter and instagram at the news i'm michael ok thanks for watching. trend kids. they love. wigs and glitter glitter glitter their fight against prejudice i don't call gay boy. recognition. little stores on the big stage. strangely it's starts men 17th d.w. .

it feels like. the 1st. waking up when an artificial sleep is supposed to keep you safe from fear and pain . this nightmare scenario happens to have an address that during open heart surgery. just the house i can't take this i'm going crazy konstam bits when i was thinking and i kept hoping we have to lose consciousness and then not noticing why aren't they noticing is that make up for. this coming it's difficult to describe the kind of pain you have. not seen it shoot through your whole body or scare it pushing and scope. then at the best that tried

desperately to get someone's attention. but he couldn't move. virtually every general anesthetic contains substances that paralyze our muscles. it was horrible the doctors just carried on and chanted no one noticed the state i was in after a long while i suddenly heard a voice. i think something's not right the anesthesia is lifting the patient is breathing himself ok let's wait a minute. let's give him a bit more. because then there was this hissing and i was out.

then if that's low and scored it's in saxony is one of around $16000.00 people who wake up during general anesthesia every year in germany accidentally. it was a traumatic experience. and he still haunted by nightmares years later. why he had experienced anesthesia awareness was never explained bennett the best asked the doctors. they said this kind of thing shouldn't happen under the conti matcham want it's like and i hoped he would never happen again but they also said there's no point in my taking legal action because i wouldn't get anywhere else if the doctors admitted fault but have to cover the costs. around 16000000 medical procedures requiring general anesthesia are carried out every year in germany during which one patient in a 1000 experiences unintended intra operative awareness has been addressed why did

. many believe consciousness has an on and off switch. yet scientists don't even truly understand why we need normal sleep and why we dream. we know even less about artificial sleep. vienna general hospital. where we've been allowed to film a general anesthesia procedure from beginning to end. unit she for is an anesthesiologist general anesthesia is part of her daily routine. every patient gets deeper raped before surgery. alcohol consumption regular occasional twice a week. age illnesses medications you to chief needs to know as much as possible about her patients to be able to decide which anesthetics to use and with what dose

. and what about your teeth all good. yes. you have and how did you tell the right your last. time i felt nauseas after. you felt noisiest did you vomit as well i also vomited. the conversation isn't only for gathering necessary health data it's also intended to assure patients. fear of unintended intra operative awareness fear of waking during surgery of being paralyzed and aware but without being able to speak. so that's the fear patients talk about most often. kissed and tissue is scheduled for uterine surgery the next day and this is from up a soup and before it my whole body resisted the anesthesia and i felt really bad and then collapsed that was really unpleasant this time i'm putting that aside and telling myself these people will look after me and nothing will happen so no i'm

not really afraid anymore. the word anesthesia comes from greek for without sensation its development was a blessing for patients who until the 19th century were operated on without anesthesia. there were attempts to relieve pain through hypnosis alcohol or opium. but the doses were administered haphazardly. and often even when operations had been successful the patients died. that misty's here was 1st demonstrated in boston an 846 dentist william morton put the patient into an artificial sleep with ether and then removed the tumor. the operation was a success and made headlines worldwide. years later anaesthesia with artificial mechanical respiration was introduced by the turn of the century spinal anesthesia

which specifically blocks the sensation of pain in the lower half of the body had also been invented. new and better anesthetics rapidly developed from 950 onward. numerous hospitals open anesthesiology departments which are today indispensable in modern medicine. the following morning at the vienna university general hospital. patient kiersten tissues ready for surgery. and we also have e.c.g. electro blood pressure cuffs oxygen saturation. general anesthesia always consists of 3 parts 1st there is a strong painkiller. to them for that you may be getting a little time a little dazed. just take nice deep breaths and think of something pleasant.

commences the way the more you think about what you doing this scarier it feels to think well. it's. the 2nd step. the next step is the medication that makes you fall asleep. until. the sleep inducing drugs used are hypnotics that switch off consciousness just give breathing in and out take a deep breath. since it are you feeling sleepy already. the most commonly used anesthesia inducer is propofol. and injection works within a few seconds.

the last step is muscle relaxants substances that relax muscles and immobilize the patient. without these the body's protective reflexes could cause involuntary twitching even while under. the can do to place. and press. patients would suffocate without artificial ventilation. once anesthesia has been induced patients must be kept under. as just in tissues prone to nausea she's receiving propofol as this causes nausea less frequently than volatile gaseous anesthetics. protocol can have other side effects such as drops in blood pressure or apnea. testing tissues now and responsive. but what does that actually mean is she asleep is she unconscious.

a study in munich is trying to find answers to these questions head of anesthesiology hard schneider is testing what happens in the brain when consciousness is lost under anesthesia. so far we know very little about the brain mechanisms involved in this process. magnetic resonance imaging provides brain scans of test persons while they are awake and under general anesthesia. so where is consciousness located. yeah we anesthesiologists have a very simplistic idea of consciousness. for us patients are unconscious when they're unresponsive or in react or. what i call a consciousness component is basically a reaction to stimulus. or conscious reaction to stimuli. but for psychologists or social scientists this has nothing to do with consciousness.

scientists long believed anesthesia switched off the entire brain like a light switch but as has observed in fact only certain brain regions marked red here are less active under anesthesia. these regions are part of the brain's functional network where several brain areas work together to achieve efficient connectivity. these networks are responsible for processing incoming stimuli such as sound or pressure and interpret them to form conscious perceptions and it's thesea disrupts these networks. during reduced consciousness the primary sensory areas the parts of the brain responsible for the 1st stage of stimuli processing. are completely inactive. partially they're even more active than when we're awake but the next step the

interpretation of higher order processing does not happen that final stage of consciousness is disrupted by anaesthesia. exactly how anesthesia disrupts the brain's functional networks is what basic research scientists and. doing it or hoping to find out. banter is investigating how anaesthetics work on a molecular level. the challenge is that there are dozens of them. and there molecular structure alone suggests each is very different. from. us but when they work they all lead to the same effect on consciousness which is how can that me. we have identified proteins that are absolutely essential for anaesthesia but identifying these small building blocks alone doesn't

come close to explaining how consciousness is lost and for the good. the researchers are using mouse brains to try to better understand how different substances used in anesthesia work. for many decades scientists thought all anesthetics essentially blocked information from reaching neurons by causing a malfunction and their lip it membranes. however this lifted theory has since been abandoned today researchers know that every anesthetic has a different way of causing unconsciousness of the. brain tissue cultures taken from areas of the brain involved in loss of consciousness are put into a nutrient solution for several weeks during which time they grow into many brains which can be used for experiments. and. this is what researchers have discovered so far. are central nervous systems received and processed stimuli from

the external world individual neurons communicate with each other across gaps called synapses. synaptic communication or transmission works like this. neuron a emits messenger substances called neurotransmitters which bind to receptor in neuron b. . anesthetics such a problem mainly acted on the neurotransmitter gaba which dampens the signals. of all reinforces this dampening effect and thus prevents the neuron from sending out a signal. the damping occurs at several locations in the central nervous system. precisely which are responsible for a patient losing consciousness is not yet clear. and most likely also depends on the anesthetic used. there are

anesthetics that do not act on the messenger gaba but on the other neurotransmitters the feeling and researchers are investigating these differences with a micro e.g. that measures signal transmission in the mini brains neurons. so far all anesthetic drugs have been found by trial and error doctors know that they work but not exactly how they work. however understanding the how is an important prerequisite for reducing side effects to this new we should really be looking at patient's individual needs and attributes and choosing the substances they get accordingly we need a rational approach and not just a trial and error approach to see if it works and if it does that's good.