says our documentary called tsunamis danger from the depths you can also find a much more news analysis video and also just of the live stream us on the top com i mean a homage thank you very much nick for watching i'll see you soon take care of the. place. we're all set to go. yes it is a world. as we take on the. world all about the stories that matter. what are you going to. cut the fire makes.

tsunamis deadly waves that have the power to destroy entire cities in a matter of moments. there was little public awareness about them until december 26th 2004. that was the day a gigantic tsunami me indian ocean killed more than 230000 people images illustrating the fool civvies a natural phenomenon shocked the world. 70 years later in 2011 a nuclear power plant in fukushima japan exploded up to being engulfed by an earthquake generated tsunami. since these tragedies scientists rushed to the scene redoubling efforts to determine what causes these killer waves. because that knowledge can. save lives it's clear that tsunamis can strike any region of the

planet urbanization has made coastal communities even more vulnerable. than tsunami research protects them. to a. man would want to. pass. on friday september 28th 2018 an earthquake followed by a tsunami devastated an area of the bay of palu on the indonesian island of pseudo way c. . within minutes 4000 people lost their lives 79000 others had to be evacuated how could this new design aster in indonesia occur after

the devastating 2004 tsunami 2 huge tsunami specialists were commissioned by unesco and the indonesian authorities to investigate cost us in the lockers of the university of southern california and herman fritz of the georgia institute of technology have arrived to conduct field research. quite impressive to see the devastation. there now 3 weeks after their end. everything callously writes important as quickly as possible or at least once the emergency is over because our borders in this area already saw a lot of evidence of the very last. the researches will be combing the debris for traces of the wave time is of the essence cleanup operations have already arranged valuable evidence and the monsoon rains a jew to start soon. working

as a tsunami scientist is very much like being a detective on a privacy there's that multiple murders take place. you really have to piece like. this sequence of events. they did tsunami hued 1st and this made the houses collapse or where they collapsed because of the earthquake in this room from the system what were the people doing why is it that some people died and some people didn't know. the 2 researches want to determine how the designs to run folded their goal to trace the tsunami back to the avenge the tree get the way for . his goes to meet survivors in the small fishing town of one. when the waves heat do latif was on his boat 100 meters from the show.

then. get off the boat. when the 1st wave came in there was a big tremor and went on tack and word that it got bump bump and you feel the tremors on the boat that i hear oh yes the whole boat was rocking out because the water level had dropped and the boat had run aground on what the state where the boat. did you stay on the boat you want to get up on the news or is it my thing i've got to hold on to the. yeah ok and then i saw the way of approaching in the distance you jumped up started it was very fast. it reached the boat in no time at all and pushed us on to land. i must put up with roughly how high was. some front so i could see my house the roof was almost at the same height as the boat how. was

your house over there the way it was about 5 to 6 metres high or think as high as my house thinking it. might. cost us in a line because he's puzzled how could a 5 metre high waves have crashed on to the shore here in a bank that up until now had not been seen as a tsunami hazards on. 20 kilometers south of one e 3 cs conducting research in part. tucked away at the back of the bay the town is home to 350000 residents thousands of people lost their lives here. accompanied by 2 indonesian colleagues and then fritz drives to the parking lot of a shopping center overlooking the bank he's investigation into the dynamics of the wave relies heavily on videos from mobile phones this is the exact spot that you

saw on the feed you know you can see the billboards there's. another wave coming people running away people running west. and that's a 2nd because we're going way over their eyes. now we can basically see how high the water is almost on top of the billboard. the waves reach to find more than 4 metres. to determine the kools of the tsunami and then for its 1st needs to create a computer model of the devastating wave for this he has to determine its height at

different points in the city and measure how far it spread inland i tried to some detailed survey years to begin to try to get it to 3 d. scan and the purpose of that is to figure 3 d. space based the lidar scans all the point and we can see how the wave goes through it so if you measure how high the wave reason every given instance and how fast that wave is moving across is through the houses washing away the houses and across the street. human freaks follows the weights traces after flooding the parking lot its whips and deep into the sea see evidence of the force of the wave can be found in these most located just 100 meters from the shoal. or this one we have this grail here and we see this raft the debris inside so we know that the tsunami was at least to this height of this rock and then up here we see the actual primary tsunami line which is this one right here and we can also

see that in the window if you look at the blue sky we actually see a model going through there and then we look at that over here we also see the modeling coming around coming around coming around so the tsunami is coming pretty much at the height of my head through this mosque. and that's also very difficult to hide already because usually when your water is to this height you cannot stand any more you will be thrown to the ground by the water so can be difficult to survive. after 3 days of field work the 2 american researches and their indonesian colleagues can now produce their 1st simulation of the tsunami that hit the bay of palu. they established that the strongest wave cut a path $300.00 metres inland but cost us in a lucky's and herman fritz are only at the start of their investigation they now

have to identify the events that triggered the deadly waves and find out how it could have swept into the bay. soon means the port nami the waves the waves the destroy the pool water. these words now in universal use dates from the 17th century it comes from the place on the planet most frequently affected by tsunamis japan. it was coined by fisherman when returning to shore on a storm free day they discovered the waves had leveled their villages. akhil last tsunami to hit japan caused the fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011 it was triggered by a sea quake measuring 9 point one on the richter scale. the wave killed more than

18000 people and soon i mean up or can cause a tsunami has no meteorological cause that's the primary cause of tsunamis are earthquakes and sea quakes. the vast majority of tsunamis are generated by sea quakes which in turn are triggered by the earth's tectonic activity. the earth's crust is composed of several large plates the movement of magma pushes them against one another a few millimeters. to a few centimeters a year the oceanic plates slide beneath the continental plates creating subduction zones. friction between the plates can cause deformation of the continental plate which accumulates a gigantic amount of energy when these energy is released it can cause a huge undersea earthquake.

the earthquake suddenly puts all the water in motion. at a depth of 4 kilometers we have 4000 meters of water is moving at the speed of a passenger plane when you have you toss up or the wave slows down near the coast but increases in size of a result of that creates waves like we saw in 201120 to 30 meters high. up in all the meanings. you cannot separate earthquake science and tsunamis science. the longer duration of the earthquake it's a very very in patient draw. it's basically it's like a zipper if you have a small earthquake it's this short rupture area and that means the ration sure if it's a big earthquake live sumatra. or japan maggots in 9 plus iran's and basically have

a very long zipper that means the shaking bogo on for several minutes just cries of it i. mean. the longer and stronger an undersea quake the more powerful that tsunami it triggers as in the indian ocean sea quake of december 26th. 2004. a full located 100 kilometers off banda on the indonesian island of sumatra ruptured along a length of 1200 kilometers the massive 9 point one magnitude undersea quake lasted more than 5 minutes. within 15 minutes the 1st waves up to 35 meters high smashed into sumatra while other

large waves recalled across the indian ocean in all 230000 people lost their lives the waves advance was captured for the 1st time on video by hundreds of people caught up in the disaster. the world was shocked by this devastating show of natural force a force little understood at the time. for scientists it was a wake up call energizing research into tsunamis then still in its infancy. however you. since 2008 unesco has maintained a global tsunami tracker it's a record of tsunami occurrences over the past 3 millennia. to date researches have identified $1200.00 the least destructive are in white the most deadly in red

each of these dots represents a potential danger for the future 70 percent of toonami located along the pacific ring of fire where most of the earth's subduction zones are located. in power loom costus in alaska sent home and for its continuing bear research at tsunami early warning system was set up here after the 2004 disaster so why were there so many victims in 2018. you know that there are a lot of vendors here selling food. it was really busy 1st we heard a rumble yeah but you'll get. the people started screaming the water's rising at. this i witness says the crowds in the roads near the beach were caught totally off guard by the wave no warning sounded here. our

investigation continues at the tsunami monitoring center in the indonesian capital jakarta. this control tower monitors seismic activity across indonesia including the bay of par loom. seismologists here can detect any undersea earthquake in real time advanced algorithms allow them to simulate the formation of a tsunami and warn coastal communities before the 1st wave hits since its introduction in 2008 the system has issued 22 alerts saving countless lives why then did palu fail to receive a warning on september 28th 2018. kian poorness seemed he was the seismologist on judy that night i guess that. the earthquake in palo registered

a magnitude of 7 for 2 minutes then just afterward the magnitude rose to 7.7. i instantly ran to the top table where we simulate tsunamis the houses on the modeling tsunami the center in jakarta registered an earthquake 80 kilometers north of palm bay early in the evening. the epicenter is here. and here's palo. according to the simulation the tsunami risk posed by the surface quake was only moderate nevertheless an alert was treated within the purse crimes time limit 5 minutes after the earthquake. so one went wrong.

last assume the lurkers will discover the and so with the help of 2 private surveillance cameras. friday september 28th 6 o 2 pm the earthquake hits the bay of power loop it lasts longer than 2 minutes. how did you experience the earthquake it was incredible you couldn't stand up impossible i was there under camera 2 i was hanging on to the gate and it calmed down and i went out to call she's my cut off a very quick grocery show close to the water for help to try. out the net and they've always set a base a bay a doesn't have tsunamis. that it's in the open sea where there occur you know it happened here and he said that. these images provide the researches with

key evidence on the chronology of events the time on the c.c.t.v. footage reveals that barely 2 minutes elapsed between the end of the earthquake and the onset of the tsunami. such a rapid succession had never been recorded before. the tsunami warning issued in jakarta when town after the wave hit palu when all of its communication systems were already down. what is very alarming to me is that here the earthquake triggered this very quickly so we need to understand how this happens and also why i think the timing how

quickly after the earthquake hits that tsunami. warning to the jakarta centers simulations it should have taken a wave generated near the epicenter. is north of the bay about 15 minutes to reach palu. how was it possible for this way to advance with such speed and full speed on the bay of palu. to find answers the researches take to the air. 16 and boredom was discovered bird's eye view thanks to this being up there for people to do the lousiest forseen our mission will tune in and soon be extending an invitation. to scientists are struck by what they see their alternating areas of devastation and intact inus but that's not all once you get

outside of the bay the wave disappears very quickly and you're looking ever very beautiful indonesian beaches. to confine the zone where to look for further for the sources to inside tibet. the way the devastated palu had formed out in the open sea the entire coast would have been affected. home and fruits and cost us in alaska's down to the deadly waves. is generated at the epicenter identified by the jakarta warning center they believe the source of the tsunami must have lain inside the bank itself. since he's indonesian colleague. returned to the west coast to gauge how one tsunami could have a region and today in this sheltered area. para city has received new footage that was filmed nearby. there. so then you can

see all the background of these events and then this is when they started just last night. yeah a local landslide no seismic trigger but here is great you have a small semi-circular wave that you can even see the video so i think this is going to be a localized impact of this landslide tsunami a lot of aluminum i think once you shake it in the book. for whom and for it's the low intensity of these 1st wave suggests it was triggered by a coastal landslide but that alone doesn't explain what cools the tsunami that devastated the bank here we have evidence because we have a coastal scar ok so the scar actually is along the shoreline. went into the ocean and so we have a coastal landslide i don't think there's localized tsunami is big enough to be the main source of the tsunami that wiped away. on the other side of the bay.

surveying the entire bank researches discover several other similar landslides all of them could have triggered me need tsunamis but it's only when the team looks further inland that it finds the missing piece of the puzzle. look this is remarkable this is the trench. trimmers opened it and closed it and opened it again at the front door. a few 100 metres further on a 2nd witness points out the extent of the destruction was i wanted money the entire row of houses collapsed on all of the houses collapsed at the same time from south to north as you can see by the slope of god house there. a deep full line opened up cutscene clear through the town causing the buildings to collapse it

continues on into the bank for many move along mrs. finally researches have the answer it is these fault line that cools the palu tsunami. after 5 days out in the field and months of data analysis the sequence of events has at last been pieced together on september 28th 2018 at 6 o 2 pm a $7.00 magnitude earthquake struck 80 kilometers north of palm. the epicenter correctly identified by the tsunami monitoring center in jakarta did not directly trigger the tsunami the seismic waves traveled through the earth's crust at the extremely high speed of 900 kilometers per hour generating a fault that opened up across the entire bank that triggered landslides all along the coast which in turn generated

a series of mini tsunamis the energy of all these many tsunamis accumulated in the depression of the bank combining to form a powerful wave that swept across the town hermann fritz and cost us in a lock his investigation has come to an end there reconstruction of the bay of palu tsunami will help improve warning systems all over the world or useless things that tsunamis only can areas where you have subduction zones we now know just like what happened here that tsunami is going to pretty much any place where you're going to have an earthquake we are very concerned about this because similar earthquakes place in seattle grace in southern california there could take place in the caribbean a big place in the mediterranean. watch

walls of water wash weans want funda water horrible earthquake water frightening sound of the sea and the howling of a great people. these words by the italian poet petrarch described as strange storm over the city of naples in the 14th century. 700 years later vulcanologist mauer a rosy was intrigued by petrov's description grossi has worked on naples emergency plan in case of mt vesuvius erupts most tsunamis are generated by sea quakes and fault lines but they can also be triggered by volcanic eruptions. they seem honest building audio the quest of a truck witnessed an exceptional phenomenon that struck the city of make us. man he was asleep not far from the point when he heard such loud strange noises that he thought it was an earthquake there are more than federal form think that dr patrick

rushed to the harbor like so many other people. and saw with his own eyes that it had been completely devastated last encourage me to give us that see all of that. aside from his descriptions of the destruction petra also wrote of hundreds of dead and dozens of sunken ships tomorrow rosie it's obvious that the strange storm was a tsunami. it's not a level car nope i think at that time petrarch could not have known that it was a tsunami because it was an unknown phenomenon in the middle ages or you know we have down. today we are certain it was a tsunami and. now we want. to avoid a repeat of the catastrophe the vulcanologist has been searching for the cools of the tsunami that wrecked harbor in 1343 days no. record of a 14th century eruption of mount vesuvius in the gulf of naples. so mount

rosie has focused on another volcano located 200 kilometers from naples stromboli he's one of the most active in the region. in 2002 an eruption caused a flank of the mountain to collapse into the sea a 10 metre high tidal wave reef the island. the waves spread across the terrain in sea and much weakened reach the bay of naples. could have far more powerful eruption of strong believe have triggered the tsunami described by petrarch 700 years ago. above the village of sand in chen's oh on the slopes of the volcano archaeologists are a levy is excavating the remains of a small church she's provided now rosie with his 1st clues.

evan what i mean for the magical we knew that a dramatic event led to the sudden collapse of the building probably a powerful earthquake because we found large blocks of stone inside on the church floor. in order to date stromboli is past activity archaeologists examined 3 skeletons found in the remains of the church. the skeleton was in a grave yet it was dog through the layer of collapsed tiles that fell down when the church collapsed so this person was definitely a witness of the catastrophe possibly a victim or possibly a survivor. this skeleton has been dated by carbon 14 in the middle decades of the 14th century. the date of the earthquake that shook the island of stromboli coincides with the tsunami disaster described by petrarch in the bay of naples. when the church collapsed it was not rebuilt which is surprising and indicates

a major change in human occupation at this location it is likely that the island was abandoned until the 1600s. the event was so traumatic that the island of strong boley remained uninhabited for 10 generations and more than 200 years. following these revelations from our own rules he began his own excavations he hopes to find clues linking the activity of the volcano to the tsunami described by petrarch in 1343. more than 4 meters underground the vulcanologist finally discovered an intriguing mix of sedimentary deposits. for the tsunami and this tsunami deposit is by far the largest we found. when we dated 821350 as

evidenced by the materials and general. for. look at the size of these perfectly round pebble stones they must have come from the beach. green the the presence of such a large sized elements proof of the tsunami was extraordinarily powerful. in their g.r. stroll the idea for the vulcanologist it all makes since the powerful wave that flushed these large pebbles 200 meters inland from the beach occurred at precisely the same time as the earthquake that destroyed this small island church there is a clear link between the eruption of the volcano and the tsunami. it's on the scene pressie flank that all the volcanic material ejected by strong boley accumulates 700 years ago an eruption may well have sparked a landslide on the share adelphi. that. would have hurled many millions of tons of

accumulated debris into the sea triggering the tsunami that reached the bay of naples but as we would maintain a strong warning given strong police current activity we believe the load of debris presently accumulated on the shuttle for call is comparable to levels of the time of the tsunami described by petrarch. even. from our own rosie the landslide caused by the 2019 eruption was just a harbinger of a much more serious disaster to come to share a dell full quote he says could collapse into the sea at any moment. on the island of strong boli is under 24 hour surveillance to alert authorities residents and tourists in the event of danger. but what consequences would it tsunami have on a city the size of naples in

a bottle of ocean with dockett you see our pool tsunami or suffer over here and these people are completely unaware that a tsunami from from bali could hit naples c.s. i mean it's a quandary phenomena. and in a case of a rare natural phenomena and people tend to believe that there is no imminent danger since at sea all their. computer generated model tracks the kools of the $1343.00 tsunami it gives an idea of what could be in store for naples. florida but all the saw. the it would take under 30 minutes for the tsunami to reach the gulf of naples from stromboli for the an hour early in. the devastation would be unimaginable committee really for the markets the hour when all the boats in the harbor behind me would be hurled onto the streets speak the current. the water would gush into the subway and

drown all of the passengers off. the busy streets would be submerged. it would be apocalyptic. scene but that's exactly what happened without an early warning system of these. earthquakes landslides volcanic eruptions all of these natural phenomena can triggered tsunamis. research carried out over the last 15 years has provided a better understanding of the threat it's also help to perfect warning systems and better adapt them to the specifics of each risk zone. the technology is most advanced in japan a country at the forefront of tsunami science. research is here feel they know

exactly what will cause the next disaster. these images a from a government awareness raising campaign broadcast in march 2800 aim to prepare people for a tsunami that scientists say has an 80 percent probability of occurring within the next 3 decades. the film explains how people should react but also predicts the likely scale of the disaster we 350000 victims and infrastructural damage impacting the japanese economy for at least 20 years because a rupture of the none kind trough a 900 kilometer long ocean floor trench along japan's west coast. troth the threat of the 9th i trust is very specific because all the economic centers of her care whether tokyo or soka are not going. are in the areas.

today there is no technology that can predict earthquakes but japanese scientists have developed a monitoring system to warn the public the moment a seismic wave is registered. you. need to be able to detect movements as soon as possible and then issue a warning if that's what the darn it system does just right outside the bay of all suckers like. the don't need system is the most sophisticated seismic detector in the world 29 small underwater observatories equipped with precious sensors and seismometers and excel are all motors are installed directly on the fault line off the coast of osaka issues an alert with the very 1st tremor good tsunami. it would take 3 to 5 minutes for the tsunami to reach the 1st cities with waves 20 to 30 meters high they sweep into osaka bay and flood parts of osaka and.

the artificial islands would be the worst hit with waves of 3 to 5 meters after 30 to 45 minutes. to develop effective evacuation plans and test protective walls the disaster prevention center at kyoto university simulates the effects of an earthquake you know pool. we're almost certain we'd be dealing with a magnitude 9 earthquake. and that it would cause a tsunami. us. hirai she has modeled the arrival of a wave with an average height of 20 meters that's the equivalent of a 6 story building in a city directly facing the name control for. sea walls would weaken the waves the impact. but the protective barriers would quickly become submerged under several

meters of water. the simulations are supplemented by computer models they were allowed to hear a cheese team to predict the path that tsunami would take in tokyo bay. although it's 5 kilometers inland the district around the olympic stadium could be buried under a 9 metre high wave simulation. of where i got the use simulations are carried out to identify hazardous locations. though for example a road that would flood quickly is not suitable as an evacuation route. to the entrances to many buildings would be blocked by water so they offer no shelter this day to get away. kyoto university has used these simulations to create an interactive evacuation plan in an emergency an app shows

the progression of the waves and identifies the nearest safe zones. one of the missing some of that if we get information on our cell phones and on the internet is there similar television stations also broadcast warnings with instructions on what to do to get to safety or security. saving lives is key but scientists also want to minimize structural damage. the tsunami of 2011 once again showed that the areas are extremely dangerous places to be cheering at tsunami which transforms ships into giant projectiles. for hero turned on her she moto of kobe university the harbor is a priority evacuation zone. at the state

osaka bank is very busy during the day. at any given time there are 30 to 50 boat sailing there. and we have no guarantee that in the event of a tsunami a situation that many have never experienced everyone would keep their cool and the ships would have accurate one after another in an orderly fashion. and that's why we're developing an intelligence system to evacuate ships automatically. if. despite technological advances japan is seemingly living on borrowed time with sucka a city of 8000000 inhabitants and the country's 2nd largest economic center is built on low lying flat lands it's surrounded by hundreds of kilometers of protective walls. there of a 2011 earthquake weakened all the walls. parts of the barrier collapsed so it

wasn't offering effective protection before the tsunami arrived yes then it is a pretty. cool. to date even the most sophisticated technologies cannot predict earthquakes these artificial islands have apartment blocks shopping centers and petrochemical plants. public education and emergency management can reduce the number of fatalities in the event of a tsunami. we often feel like we've changed nature but time and again nature proves us wrong. around the world tsunami research has made great strides but every new design puts the technologies devised to protect us to a new test. if we build the bar

blocks of hospitals public buildings houses in areas. where i've been layers and layers over the village and with bart what we're finding around the world is that our reading ability for disasters keeps increasing since the. waterfront living has an enduring appeal but the unchecked urbanization of coastal communities is a recipe for disaster. even with increasingly sophisticated technologies and early warning systems applying common sense to our understanding of nature is more important than ever. and we say this worldwide if you're near the coast and you feel any kind of ground shaking that's lost more than 15 seconds to move away from the beach.

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. this is the news live from the calls friends for an end to the conflict between israel and the palestinians that israel's prime minister praises his military's efforts and you may next and yahoo says he has no doubts as to ask strikes have said hamas militants backed many is also coming up spain's prime minister flies out of the country's north african enclave same time to get some friends when the growing crisis of the sauza is of my friends across the border that was in our office.