giving you a window into their life that you would never, never see me accompany a research team to the pacific to the language of wales starts june 4th on d, w. ah, this is d w knees and these are on top stories. israel's prime minister benjamin netanyahu says he will press ahead with a military offensive against hamas listens in garza. his statement comes amid international course for a cease fire. us presidents joe biden has israel to significantly de escalate is offensive in garza by thursday from egypt and jordan have drafted a un resolution calling 1st the via us secretary of state

anthony lincoln and his russian counterparts. a level of holding talks in iceland on the sidelines of the arctic council meeting is the highest level in person discussions between the 2 countries. since joe biden became president in january, the us and russia discussing setting up a summit between biden and putin. hundreds of migrants are trying to reach the spanish and claim of the utah despite tightened security thing that spelling thousands of migrants who have one or climbed over the border from morocco. this week, thousands more have gathered near the border on the moroccan side, where scuffles have taken place. this is dw news from berlin. you can find much more, a website that is on t w dot com the. oh, it was in the early weeks of the pandemic on march 17th, 2020,

when the european union closed his external borders for the 1st time ever shutting out the rest of the world, hoping to shut out at least some of the corona virus. since then, coming to europe has been almost impossible. that is about to change. today the european union agreed to reopen its borders to visitors who have been fully vaccinated. it could take effect as early as next week, just in time for what is being called a hot vax summer. i'm bri, gulf and berlin. this is the day the the actually be out about and see people is brilliant. people have been stuck and goes missing their friends. i think people just human interaction when it's wonderful to go on hold again. fogg just fried. if you have not

yet been afraid of having a great time and it feels good. what sort of all person was we have to make sure the virus doesn't spread. again, we're keeping our fingers crossed that, that things when you get better from here. well, we're alive. also coming up in u. s. foreign policy president biden is making it clear ties with germany are more important than a disagreement over a pipeline from russia, and when he comes to the pipeline and us ties to russia. well, the story there gets a little complicate when you read them, because apparently a u. s. decision has be made to promote stable, predictable ties with russia. but if this includes constant and predictable sanction, that's not what we need to our viewers on p b. s. in the united states and to all of you around the world, welcome,

we begin the day with europe preparing to reopen its borders just in time for summer. today, the eve agreed that the time has come to make it possible again for tourists to visit the borders are expected to open as early as next week, but only to those who have been fully vaccinated against the corona virus. with the vaccines approved for use here in europe. currently, there are 5 astrazeneca johnson and johnson madana by on take pfizer and the chinese vaccine sign of form. the decision to re open borders would not have been possible without science. if we go back to march 2020, when the boarders were closed, the world looked different and darker. there were no approved vaccines, and the death rates and hospitalizations from cobit 19 were just beginning to skyrocket. the summer of 2021 promises to be an important phase in europe's attempt to return to normality. there were hints today in france after 6 months of corona,

virus restrictions and locked downs. france is now reopening public life. outdoor dining is now permitted to cafes, restaurants, and bars, but not at full capacity. sentiments, theaters, museums are also back in business. this comes as frances vaccination dry picks up speed. the number of new infections is falling, the case loads in some areas remain high. france is not alone. austria is also restarting public life. after 200 days a walk down austrians, you see them here in vienna. they've begun flocking once again to cafes and beer guard. in the office, lee able to go, for instance, again somewhere where it's especially good to meet people, chat with friends, see people's faces. everything we haven't been able to do for the past 7 or 8 months will now hopefully be possible again. and hopefully this time forever on top of the system or fema is, is shown, then it feels a bit like getting back to normal. and i think it's very positive for the

restaurants that they're finally able to reopen again. it's offspring. i hope they also have good weather so that the people can eat out doors. it's great that the restaurants are open again. i'm really happy about it today. he'll great. i feel like back to like back to life and to the people in the street. happy. yeah, just like no, no more than coming back to natural things. keen a lot to that to me and you know, the 1900 start to finish. you know when it's opening the this and all the museums and all the public areas. that's good for us, you know, we feel more freedom, you know. good. i'm happy. well friends in austria are not the only countries taking steps out of lockdown earlier this week. britain also lifted some restrictions, allowing indoor dining and trips to the cinnamon for the 1st time in months,

but all is not well. the spread of a new more contagious varying 1st identified in india is causing concern cases of cobit 19 calls by this various to have more than doubled within a week in the u. k. the english town of bolt has been hardest hit. the w charlotte chelsea until picks up the story from the bolton tooth. britain weights such my explanations are on the way in this northern english town to combat the rapid rising cases of the cove at 19 variant best identified in india. it's already the dominant strain here and is likely to become dominant nation warrant. what we've noticed is with our infection rates in bolton, the transmission has been happening in the younger age groups. i've been putting a lot of pressure on central government, especially to make sure that we can relate the vaccination as quickly as possible.

and essentially what i've been saying in recent days is that we have to fax a whole also in before the end of may, this is a delicate moment and the u. k is fight against 19, well, thousands have been vaccinated here in the last few days alone. these measures are unlikely to contain the spread with the same variance already detected in dozens of areas in england. k has had a successful vaccination campaigns. they thought some 70 percent of adults have had at least one dose, but that still leaves a considerable number, who are unvaccinated authorities here are wanting, is among that population. this strain could spread like wildfire. this variance is considered more transmissible from the you can use dominance can strain what is known is by how much a significant increase could see hospitalization such. but there is reason for hope in both in the majority of those in hospital haven't been vaccinated despite being

eligible. assign vaccines a working information that we've seen the j. c. b on, suggests that our current vaccines do consider immunity again. stephen, this new variance, we're picking up novel virus infections, but we're not seeing severe disease emerging in a fearful way. so. so i think it's quite likely that over be able to vaccinate all way out of this one. as some remain cautious. others are enjoying new found freedom, socializing and doors returned across the country this week with all restrictions due to be lifted in just over a month now, but the government says the next few days will be key data the wrong case. numbers and transmits ability will help determine whether england continues down its path to freedom. open the brakes on its road maps out of lockdown or the w to charlotte

shells until she filed their report. she joins me now from london. good evening to you, charlotte. another lot of concern there about this so called india variance. what do we know tonight? well, for his, i'm sure you can imagine all watching case number's extremely closely giving the public regular update. what we've heard today is that now 2967 cases of this indian variance have been identified. that is up 28 percent since monday through a considerable rise there in just the last couple of days alone. and for anyone who can remember back in january here in the u. k, when the, the ken, it's very, very that went on to become dominant. he has started to spread. there are echoes is that it could send some alarm bells ringing, bump we on to the same position here in the u. k. as we was back in december and january, when the ken barron spread. and that is because of the case successful vaccination

campaign. we know today that 7 out of 10 adults here who had at least one dose full out of 10 of now had 2 doses and authorities, the prime minister, boris johnson, saying that there is a high degree of confidence that the vaccine will be able to hold off the spread of this new variance, indeed, in bolton hospitalizations, have gone up the town that we saw in that report that but the majority of those in hospitals still those who are eligible for vaccines but, but didn't accept the vaccines, didn't take them up so that seems to suggest already, so authorities is suggesting that, that evidence that the vaccines are working. and if you look at the picture across england hospitalizations at the moment are still stable and they're very, very low. if you look at the number of people in hospital now, it's less than a 1000 compared to the january peak when you were looking at almost 40000 people in

hospital. in charlotte, we know that england is supposed to relax all restrictions in about a month's time. is that still on the car? that's very much up in the air at the moment. all the, all the moment that we've had in the evening of these restrictions. indeed, it's been staggered, have gone smoothly, no delays so far, but that final ease of restrictions, when all legal limits on spatial distances will be listed as looking. everybody's currently in jeopardy at the moment. and what it really depends on is just how transmissible this variant is found to be, and we're being told we should hear a lot more on that in the coming days and into next week. if it is considerably more transmissible, the warnings are projection suggests, you will say, see a big surge in the hospital hospitalizations, excuse me. and it is then that you may well see a delay to that final lifting of restrictions. so what is the,

the strategy going forward? there are more and more people as you know, counting on what is being called europe's hot vax summer. 2021 is a very delicate balance here. i think for authorities they all gradually opening up spots. the strategy is to try and backs and aid. as many people as possible as quickly as possible. now the u. k is, is backs and aging people according to age than now on the 35 and over and they all really vaccinating people in those hot books. bolton, for example, as we saw the report they're doing in these hot spots and checking for these new variance with what they're calling a very advanced valence system. they say that this is a method that proved successful earlier. this casting down cases of the south african variance, which we didn't fight in south london. but what you have to bear in mind now is so

many restrictions and now lifted compared to them. so it is, it is going to be a tricky balance in the was of the health minister today, mat hancock. he said that the replacing the shield of restrictions with the scores of the vaccination program. so that will be the strategy going forward, trying to win the race essentially between the new variance and vaccine fingers crossed for everyone. the w. charlotte chelsea until reporting tonight from london . charlotte, thank you. the well, it is one position in u. s. foreign policy that has remained unchanged from the obama to the trump, and now to the biden administration. and talking about us opposition to the natural gas pipeline leaking. russia in germany, which is known as north stream to washington, sees the project as a threat to ukraine, as well as europe's energy security. although the pipeline is almost finished,

the u. s. wanted to slap sanctions on companies involved in its construction. but the sanctions were apparently becoming too much of a risk to the u. s. german relationship axia. she's reporting that the u. s. will was planning to wave sanctions on the german firms connected to nord street to of this is what nord stream to looks like when i give you kind of an image or a picture of that. it runs parallel to the 1st nord stream pipeline and connects russia in germany via the baltic sea starting and via borg and leading to an already completed terminal in the german state of mecklenburg, western pomeranian, the u. s. has always claimed that the pipeline would make europe too dependent on russian energy. now, according to the axioms report, sanctions will not be waived against russian ships involved in the project. today, the german foreign minister had words of praise for the biden administration's decision. this isn't as extra when there were sanctions on non string

to or i don't see but they were lifted because of a presidential waiver. and we think that is a constructive, stat and constructive, should we not have 3 months to discuss it with those responsible in washington fund . listen in washington about this question and to help us understand what the buyer whitehouse is doing and what it means i'm joined by benjamin schmidt. benjamin served as european energy, the advisor, the u. s. state department. he's now a fellow at harvard university. enjoys be tonight from washington, d. c. benjamin. it's good to have you back here on the day. is the decision to waive sanctions? is it a sign that the by the administration is making an about face? are the sanctions becoming more of a risk than a safeguard hi brain for to be back and let's just step back for a 2nd and look at what is actually happened today. there's been

a lot of churn in the media about depress reports in terms of headlines that suggest the bite in ministration as effectively thrown in the towel when it comes to opposition and work to stop gas problems, nor string to pipeline. but for the moment, the analysis of what is taking place does show a different picture. first of all, according to report, including the actual report as well as politico and others that have been mentioned by the ministry in fact is planning. and in, as i understand today, has issued sanctions on an array of firms entities and vessels that are actively engaged in construction of the pipeline with administration. officials speaking on background in other outlets, pointing out that their aim is to still make sure the project never comes into operation. so this notion that there is no sanction coming on nor 3. 2 is not the case. in fact that a, they have gone, but they are the, are these russian entities and german entities. i mean, what we heard earlier today is that it was just going to be russian entities that

were going to face these sanctions. i, it's unclear yet because they haven't actually released the list, but these very likely are russian owned and operated entities and vessel simply because open source reporting show that russian ownership in those vessels are the ones that are actually engaging in that work. not german firms, and in fact, most of the firms involved in this project or not german at this point, they are russian. and so that's why we see this kind of cognitive dissonance when there's also this report that the administration for the time being will acknowledge that both the project parent company, north streaming to a g, which i'll remind the viewers as well physically located in switzerland, the 100 percent owned and operated by crime control gas from as well as ceo that they're involved. they're going to say yes, they're involved in sanction activity, but they're waive those sanctions for the time being. resolve that roll out there's been some well deserved public confusion, as well as criticism against the administration and statements from both democrats and republicans on capitol hill that stem from the fact that the bible ministration

is vowed to push back against russian malign, influencing global prep, daugherty and vectors of strategic corruption, but now it's seen as issuing a statement that is somehow quote in the us national interest not to enforce sanctions on both the kremlin back project company as well as and c, o mathias bombing, who we've talked before, you and i on the day about has, who is an x star, the officer, and he's a long time puting crony who's named in russian opposition leader electing of all these widely circulated anti corruption be over the keep your including orbit of corruption. so that's a step that i think that your congress is going to push back on. what about what we heard today that the sanctions against german firms are being waived for 3 months and then everything can be reconsidered? do we know why 3 months? it's 3 months because every 90 days a new report needs to be issued to congress. so that's why that that timeline was, was reference. so really need to see what's, what's going to happen on this friday. we heard the statement from michael moss,

the prominent also welcome this step, which is of course concerning to be on. but you also see that the political landscape in germany is rapidly changing the, to the north, trying to including the green parties on bowed stop. the project if they prevail in the bonus, 5 elections next autumn. so it is failing to take action against nordstrom to really a step that will benefit trans atlantic security. i think not what and if the u. s . driven relationship and a long term. i'm not so sure yet i want to pick up on that. you know, there is a national election here in germany and september the greens are leading in the polls right now. and we know that the greens are against nord stream to me these 3 month waivers that we're talking about. you know, this is this allows the, by the ministration to basically preserve the german us relationship. and then after the election, take advantage of the green's position. if they're elected and finally killed the project, or do you agree with that? yeah, very possibly could be the case. of course it's up to the german voters to decide.

and that's, that's something that i'm really concerned about because green party chancellor candidate on the lena bear block has been cyber attacked in the last week by russia for her statement boeing to stop nord string, to and have germany take a tougher line to stand up against students, crony capitalism and aggressive actions and long needles eastern flying. so if nothing else, it's yet another clear act that shows this project of not just the commercial deal, that the russian state view that it's so important that it will metal in german, germany is own electoral process itself. can remote this malign influence project that it wants to use to harm european security. so i think on this front brand, the german government really need to step up in the short term to take responsibility and make it clear to the kremlin that no pipeline project is more important european security. and certainly not more important than russia's own meddling in the german democratic process itself. and i think that that's got to be made very clear, very quickly. yeah, and it is also interesting that how energy security, geo politics and election integrity can all come together, which as you say,

we are seeing and may actually come together in september and that election which, which meant joining us tonight from washington, which is always good to talk with you, we appreciate your time and your insights. thank you. thanks so much, brent. the. well, here on the day we've reported on the legal jeopardy facing former us president donald trump and his family on many fronts. his business dealings are currently under investigation by prosecutors, manhattan, and in new york state, the new york probe into possible tax evasion. insurance and bank fraud has been a civil case, but now it is also part of a criminal investigation. the manhattan new york district attorney say that they're cooperating on this case. donald trump has always denied any wrong doing. he issued a statement today saying that there was nothing more corrupt than an investigation that is in desperate search of a cross on pulling. now mister nick ackerman, he's

a former federal prosecutor in the southern district of new york where when a trans investigation is taking place, mister archman was also a member of the watergate prosecution team. it's good to see you again. good to have you back on the program working. so we're going from a civil now. now we've got a criminal investigation. what does that really mean or what is changing about the investigation? and i guess people want to know is donald trump now in real jeopardy of maybe having to go to prison? well, i think what's changing is that this has been going on for a while. they've had the attorney general new york investigating on the civil side, the manhattan district attorney's office investigating the criminal side, but they've always been cooperating. they've been doing that for the past year. and now the fact that they're actually announcing that the attorney general and new york is also working on the criminal side of the angle. i think it means that donald trump is in big trouble. and that it's very likely that there will be an

indictment within the year. mean you have to understand there's a difference between the civil and criminal. the civil simply means that the government can then go ask you for money for tax fraud, for not paying your taxes. and there are penalties and that's about it. but the criminal side is much more serious because that means jail time. and in order to convict on a criminal side, you've got to do it beyond a reasonable doubt to a jury of 12 people who has to be unanimous tax crimes are a lot different than most ordinary crimes. because you have to show that the individual who committed the tax fraud did so with the purpose of cheating on his taxes. so the challenge here are for both the da's office and the attorney general's office is showing that trump acted knowingly and wilfully. and that he

did so in order to cheat on his taxes, this is precisely what we have to do back in watergate, when i was dealing with the nixon tax case. most of our time was taken up, actually gathering evidence to show that nixon knew that the deed that was backdated for his gifted papers, united states, which gave him a huge tax deduction that he knew that it was fault and that he approved it. well, mr. argument were talking about the possible crimes that would have been committed before donald trump was president. correct. and so this, this notion of presidential immunity, which a lot of our viewers will be familiar with. it does not apply here, right? of course not. and it wouldn't apply, even if he was a tax cheat while he was president. i mean, just because you're president, you're not immunized from committing a crime. and certainly when you leave office, at least the department of justice guidelines that don't permit

a sitting president to be criminally prosecuted. do not apply once donald trump last office. so either way, whether he committed tax fraud was prior to being president. and whether he continued it after being present, either way, he can be prosecuted if he committed those crimes drums, former lawyer, michael cohen, he's cooperating with investigators. we know that how much pressure is there now on other trump organization, insiders to flip oh, i think the, the pressure here is huge. particularly on the mr. weisel burger, who is the accountant for the trump organization. and the accountant for donald trump, having the typical defense in a criminal tax case, is to blame the lawyers and blame the accountants. but if, as a prosecutor, you can get the accountants and the lawyers who handle the returns to come clean

and testify. then you've got a really good case, and if anybody should know where all the bodies are buried, should know where all this shenanigans to place. it ought to be mister rice. i mean, even michael cohen and his testimony for congress. pretty much made that clear that whenever donald trump didn't want to pay a lot of taxes, he basically showed lesser income when he wanted to get a bank loan show more income, basically committing bank for a ride. mister nick and mister archman is always we appreciate your valuable insights into this story. i think it's going to be a hot summer for some people. thank you. no question. thank you. well, the day's almost done, the conversation continues on line. your point is going to be news, you can follow the bridge, got tv, and remember whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day. we'll see you then everybody who's the news,

the news, the news news to you or not to well, what about a sharing economy change in thinking is changing the economy to create something new economics magazine and remain in germany. d. w.

into the conflict with him, sebastian, nevada and compensation between israel and the palestinians are gone into the 2nd week. i guess this week from jerusalem is michael freeman, policy advisor to israel's foreign minister. country now listen to the key criticisms being leveled by the by live ministration. by seeking a 2 state solution, the conflict 60 minutes dw. ah. the news. it's been ongoing quest for the spring began in 2011 people stood up against corrupt,

rulers and dictatorship. the hope for more security, more freedom, more dignity, have their hopes been fulfilled. 10 years after the era spring, rebellion starts june 7th on d. w. ah ah ah, i think there's a world market for maybe 5 computers. that's what i b m chairman thomas j watson is meant to said back in 1943. a good example of how bad we can be at predicting the future. and that includes the inventions that have the potential to transform how we live and work this week on made. we're looking at the innovation economy.

well, you can have the best idea in the world, but if you can't capture people's imaginations, that amazing invention of yours will never see the light of day. you need funding to get that. you need investors, as you have to be convincing, they're the ones you have to win over 1st well before the consumer. the other thing is that the investors have to believe that going to get their money back from you and make a return. hopefully a big one. it's risky business, but no pain, no gain. and the rules haven't changed even in this pandemic. or maybe you could say covered 19 with the appetite for some real risk taking aah and life saving vaccine. and a huge money maker. early investors in the german company by own tech, and now sitting per se, one of them with acting on behalf of the venture capital fund, wanted to come up. we put in 13 and

a half 1000000 and this got our shareholders in return of 600000000, and that's not the end of it. that's more than a 44 fold return on the investment. it's a success story that could help other companies attract, venture capital. will it make financing innovation easier? ah, this woman knows how hard it can be to find investors. she's pleased for by on tech . ready years a f like every success helps the industry and the start up seeing his her own starts up links, patients and doctors, but isn't turning a profit yet happy ties where they're finding capital is key when starting up a company clinic, especially right at the very beginning you start with seed funding, that's the 1st financial support, the early funding stage as the business idea exists and maybe a small product to an option kind of product. this is followed by other funding

stages. a startup should have time to grow before it has to turn a profit. i did. anyone who has money can give it. it's the employees of big venture capital fund sewer on the lookout for ideas with big potential. isn't interesting for us when a company thinks about where it will be in 10 years and what we'll have to do by then to change the world rather than where it is now and what it will do next year . this man has that kind of long term vision and play us back money is a biochemist and an investor. he's driving with this for every new promising approach. he's set up a company in total, i've set up 15 companies and one of his companies market devices like this. it's designed to find biomarkers within 20 minutes. that indicates where the septic

shock is imminent. another is researching a medication that seeks to harness an antibody to stop the muscular leakage on prevent septic shock. it's about to go into clinical testing, but the phase 3 study is expensive. how can hind, the company's chief business officer faces the challenge of raising 18000000 euros? can she do it? in a log design, we have to be transparent about where we are headed. what are the risks? but i had the opportunity since puts him in the area of septic shy patient numbers is sky high. we're talking about 500000 patients in the u. s. senior each year. big crazy figures on to doesn't that which is a time. nevertheless, it's still hard to attract 18000000 euros of venture capital, especially in germany. it is equal, but i just this one guy who has venture capital funds are much more willing to take

risks than european ones. so they have billions at their disposal of whereas the european funds might have 50000000 or 120000000 miles from me on my own. that one sees me bring it, make it yes, barely need more money in and above all more people in wealthy countries who are prepared to invest a small portion of the money into something like that for just think in germany alone. private households have savings with 6000000 euro vicks. how ya doing oil, but they're a big risk attached. if the company isn't a success, the money is lost. ah, biotech is an exception to that rule. for years the company made last is but investors were prepared to keep injecting fresh capital even well before the corona virus pandemic. the founders with tirelessly trying to develop that at the time on

proven therapeutic approach. you can see me stood if we don't really have clearly defined work and leisure time site. and i thought that i see it as a privilege that we are able to live our dream. dad in the the content of the worst shaheen and his life is lame shield i. g. the team behind the by on tech code, they'd vaccine have migrant backgrounds like one in 5 company found as in germany. the same goes for sophie chose to, according to the germans, starts up the association. these founders get less capital on average. feeler cleaned them. it because many founders with immigrant backgrounds who i know personally and i include myself, we've managed to turn the sense of being different or being treated differently into something positive for me personally, it's spurred me on to prove myself to say, i'll show you the one revising and it takes many innovations are still out there waiting on hard drives, or in the bar, a trace,

and many entrepreneurs, the eager to prove themselves, but only when they find investors will their ideas be able to bear fruit and ultimately bring return otherwise, it's down the drain, springs me to one innovation that most of us have been sitting on for almost every day of our lives. the humble toilet. it's an invention, so convenient to progressive and transformative that we've dedicated a whole segment to it is our reporter coffee, fully man, on the history of sanitation, me penicillin, vaccines organ transplants. all these innovations are rightfully hailed of medical milestones. but if you ask me another invention, we don't really talk about in these terms more than deserves to be held in the same regard. for both. speaking about the news, you should give

a crap about your crap or because it has a huge impact on your life. and community in general, many of us take modern sanitation for granted at best and worst, it's an subject to be avoided due to what you know, goes in there a beverage that with a point goes in there and then manages like you know, in math and that's mainly for the vast majority of human students, walk the earth once they've done their business. they were kind of stuck with it. and that's by no means a problem of the past. even today, many people around the world don't have access to adequate sanitation that has dramatic consequences from disease to violence, to a negative impact on the local economy. the market sector itself actually has huge economic potential. the sanitation industry is a multi $1000000000.00 business that goes well beyond the toilets,

into the collection and the treatment of weight and the production of products that can be re integrated into a global supply chain. let's not get ahead of us. so why did it all start me throughout history for the taishan, for and less sophisticated appeared and disappeared repeatedly. the earliest facilities we know of the period around 5000 years ago in places like today, scotland creek, and most impressively pockets. on the windows phillips, the nation was living in they actually walked closer in their own houses and the water supply entered. also each each house so that the stephanie station had water and sandy quotation concepts, which is quite similar to what we're using today. the 1st major breakthrough in modern technology came when sir john harrington invented the flush toilet in the

late 16th century. it was an english poet member of the 1st run court. funny enough, esther of game of actor carried me because ajax device featured and elevated tank, emptied water into a bowl to wash away its contents almost 200 years later in 1775. the trip was patented. it trips a small amount of water in the drain to prevent sewer gases from rising up. aside from liner updates down the line, this is pretty much how modern slash toes work today. you push a button which opens the valve in the tank and the toilet flashes are floating, device lowers, and eventually opens another valve, letting new water flow into the tank. when it's full, you're ready to go again. when the target itself is only half a deal on really change, the game is how we dispose of always after it's less the most not too crazy to say

that without them the industrial revolution might not really, as in the mid 18 hundreds, exploding populations in urban ization that to ramp and outbreaks with diseases in english cities. many diseases spread because drinking water was contaminated. the sewage, the 1st person to discover the direct link between human waste in an outbreak was a physician named john. so no relation after a call or outbreak ravaged a london neighbourhood in 1854. the proof that several cases had clustered around a single water pump, the next to assessment, which was the go to solution for waste management in those days. then came the grade. that's not the title for a new pix arsic. it's what londoners called the horrible stange that enveloped the city. in the summer of 858 london's waist had been dumped directly into the thames for decades. but unusually high temperatures made the foul odor rising from the river and nearly unbearable. this was the final straw and eventually that to the

construction of one of the world's 1st modern sewage systems. when the industrial revolution started elsewhere, modern sanitation came with it. but with so many other privileges of the world, they had to create the colonized, peoples did not get their fair share. they are currently 2400000000 people in the world without improve sanitation, without sanitation facilities in their home for workplace. and there's 4500000000 people over half the world's population that don't have safely managed sanitation systems from the toilet all the way to the treatment of the way. this creates a huge problem and then developing world where then people and they don't have a toilet are dedicating in the open. this sanitation crisis causes several serious issues. chief among them. risks to health, lack of access to adequate sanitation contributes to the transmission of diseases and viral outbreaks in west africa during the. ready during the moment in

2014 and 15. so 1st time the importance of these basic facilities according 282019 report by the world health organization. inadequate sanitation is estimated to cost $432000.00 deaths due to diarrhea annually. open dissertation also puts people of becoming victims of violence, especially women. they face a higher risk of being sexually assaulted and these issues also have long term knock on. it stopped skills, for example, if i'm going to school, if they can't safely hygienist, we go to the toilet when they're menstruating, then they may not go to school. and that often happens being unable to attend school makes it much harder to earn a living later on, let alone escape poverty. to tackle the issue wholesale shopping centers, putting i'm johns and running into the sunset, they support communities,

education and finances to pick start a sanitation economy the toilet bar to coalition and came up with the annotation economy approach in 2017 and it's made up 3 distinct areas to vastly oversimplify by combining a marketplace were tailored related goods and services with a marketplace for solicitation and a data driven sanitation infrastructure. communities can establish a growing, self sustaining economy in order to facilitate a transition from thinking about sanitation as a cost to thinking about it as a business opportunity. we've worked with the asian development bank and world bank to understand the economic potential of a thriving sanitation economy marketplace. so we looked 1st and foremost that india as an example. and what we found is that there is a market opportunity of $97000000000.00 us dollars in 2021 alone. me. another big aspect of the future sanitation economy as innovation service on

taking crisis is multifaceted. and there are many solutions that need policy and financial interventions for the technology is needed, relatively speaking, since the great stink, not all that much has changed and how we handle sanitation. but another pressing global issue is pushing activists and scientists to rethink the status quo. climate change as climate change is, this can be even more challenging for us on a taishan because for example, in flooding, increasing them where people are relying on site connotation. ok between blood can walk out the contents of pit latrina. what's the most of the well, who they're going to call a help of it. but you also can destroy the wolf, the pipes and other.