the, you know, i know we are not afraid to capture and then the african population is we don't people clearly have the solutions, the future. the 77 percent now every weekend on the w, the ah, ah, ah, me. is it all just a lot of hot air. investors have been snapping up hydrogen related stocks as if the gas were in short supply. it's the most abundant element in the universe like now

sun. but on earth, it's mostly extracted from fossil fuels and meeting carbon dioxide in the process. what's called trade is excited, accompanies promises of clean hydrogen. electrolysis splits water into hydrogen and oxygen doing it cheaply, could be the holy grail of green energy. so could hydrogen become the fuel of the future? that's what we're looking at today on made. i'm been physical and share prices. of companies in the industry have soared more than 500 percent in the past year. there are several reasons. 0 emission vehicles are all the rage. many countries are going carbon free in the next few decades. us president joe biden has thrown his weight behind the sector. and the european union plans to scale up renewable hydrogen projects in polluting industries like chemicals and steel. but a lot of the focus so far has been on cars. the question is, will hydrogen powered cars overtake their electric cousin?

the. what's the deal? when we are supposed to be driving plug in electric cars, their own offer as part of co sharing plums and many cities. but now, hydrogen vehicles are the thing. over the post 2 decades, several hydrogen models has been unveiled, though most of them use hydrogen and combustion engines was about hydrogen cars with electric motors like this one. wheels the head of the german hydrogen and fuel cell association about the advantage over plug in cost. material plug in electric cars have a distance problem. ranges are growing, but come with up to 4 hours. we charging time. who wants to set off on vacation and have to take a 4 hour break every 250 kilometers. it's not an option. it's not, this is work is not soon houses this h to power call work. it's in both the kind of factory known as a fuel cell surgeon from the air and hydrogen from the tank come together and react

in the fuel cells producing electricity. that pose the cause electric engine. what comes out of the tail pipe? water and like combustion engines, no exhaust fumes or carbon dioxide produced. but only a few call me because manufacture them such as high and i am a technology remains expensive. a call like this, toyota, mariah cost, 79000 gera. at the moment in the future, a new model is expected to sell for about 64000 cherise. why is it still so costly? thought so it isn't the why the vehicles are sufficiently well developed to be sold at ordinary car prices if they were mass produced going. but at the moment there's a lack of demand off. perhaps also there's not enough state intervention to ensure that enough vehicles are accepted. so click on the missing not so

well and good, but so far the hydrogen itself is mainly produced using fossil fuels. not exactly climate friendly. the sounds of the institute for systems and innovation research was calculated how much h t would be needed in germany to fully exploit hydrogen technologies. and it's a lot in 2018, a total of $560.00 terror. what hours of electric power was used in germany, even if electricity consumption stayed the same and 2050 as much as double that would be required to produce all the hydrogen needed for fuel cells. i'm for making synthetic fuels to generate all the texture power germany would have to expand wind and solar on a massive scale to produce both enough hydrogen for transportation and enough electricity for other uses. that would mean about our stuff and move if we want to or are allowed to use hydrogen for mobility and then this

hydrogen can only be generated with renewable energy. so i thought we would have to build up trade relations with countries with huge amounts of base and sunshine and wind available, and that are willing to become our energy providers of the future. i'm. it's us, when you need sustainable energy, plants would have to be built there and so hydrogen could be produced and transported via pipelines or ships to germany trans transport. okay, so the message is renewable energy would have to be expanded massively to produce in a hydrogen. but not only is that still a lack of hydrogen, but also it's a necessary infrastructure such as filling stations in the capital, berlin, that recurrently just fine hydrogen filling stations and the total of $93.00. well, germany ah, filling up takes just 3 minutes and then the car can travel, 500 kilometer, definitely kilometer all driving one kilometers costs, just as much as with

a diesel engine. so it's not more expensive for the customer. is within the industry has agreed to build a significant number of filling station up to $400.00 of them without looking at exactly how many cars there actually are. support from policymakers, not just to expand renewable energy, but also hydrogen production. in december, the german government launched a new pilot project in chile, west siemens pounds to produce synthetic fuel seizing hydrogen expense. i think the h to technology in the form of fuel cells is also being taken more seriously. got the 10 years ago. it was more like an engineer's dream, it's such a cool and clever technology, and we now have clear binding climate targets, and the greenville gave us more ambitious target. we realize that these are not attainable with conventional combustion engine. we simply need different technology often. and again, on the other hand, the global market for hydrogen, synthetic tools made from it is growing scientists the found what the institute

calculate that the market volume will reach up to a 102000000000 year right by 2030. and as much as 680000000000, you're raised by 2050 good prospects that in the hydrogen technology. in 10 years, many more of these vehicles looks to be cruising through the country. but it's still not a given hydrogen as a fuel because sounds great. the gas could one day play a major role in slow and global warming. phil, it's not always the best technology. the width is the one that clinches market share and rides the network effect. some analysts a warning of a bubble. the frenzy and hydrogen related stocks has companies trading at extreme prices based on expectations that their revenue will surge in the future. despite worries about possible headwinds for the fact that there was a similar burst of enthusiasm about 20 years ago. that prove short lived add.

another thing is a bonded energy source has to get a lot greener 1st to make an impact on the planet. if it really hits the streets that is or takes its place in other industries, hydrogen is considered an important energy source of the future. it's supposed to make of a key part of your transition to sustainable sources of power. of ross, again, is investing in h 2 in a big way it's planning to build a hydrogen network covering the entire port. aiming to become a hub for producing, imposing, and transporting the gas to other european countries. but if hydrogen truly green hydrogen itself is actually color this, but it's called great blue or indeed green, depending on the manufacturing process used to produce it. today most hydrogen is gray. it's made from fossil fuels like natural gas and coal,

and produces high levels of c o. 2 emissions blue hydrogen is also grey in the sense that it too is gained from fossil fuels. but the climate damaging c o 2 is captured and stored in empty gas feels under the sea for example. so the carbon footprint is significantly lower. in the green manufacturing process, hydrogen is derived from water. this is the only form of h to production that can be described as sustainable these days. oh hydrogens are the same because it's always the molecule h 2, but the different manufacturing processes determine how high the greenhouse gas emissions are and how clean the hydrogen is. this is green hydrogen is produced by splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen with electricity.

but that electricity doesn't always come from 0 emission sources. so even green hydrogen is only sustainable if the power used to make it comes from renew, such as wind, solar power in only then is it produced without emitting any carbon dioxide or not. if it's to be green and sustainable, the hydrogen has to be produced using renewable hashed it. but what if a country doesn't have enough renewable electricity to cover the need for green hydrogen production? germany, for example, has insufficient wind power. so by 2015, the country will have to import 45000000 tons of hydrogen. the risk this is that transporting it over long distances by ship or pipeline could cause further environmental damage. i'm going to tell you home. one point of course, is certification. we need

a global certification system to really prove that this hydrogen has been produced from green electricity, water as well. right now we don't have that because there's no agreement on it yet . another hurdle for a quick transition to truly green hydrogen is the cost been to implement in the didn't even if you compare renewable green or even hydrogen with fossil fuels under the current regulatory framework, then it's a very expensive option and enough before the toilet value onto but more electricity is produced from renewable sources. green hydrogen should become less expensive. folk of predict the cost will more than hum buy 2030. but so far the production of green hydrogen is not widespread in the european union. experts predict that the blue option where the seo to emitter during production is

stored will remain a source of hydrogen for years to come. will germany use keen on expanding its capacity for hydrogen production? the aim is to produce the gas on an industrial scale with 0 emissions. this green hydrogen would be used not only for fuels but also for heating and generating electricity. still produces like to cope and together are investing billions of euro's to make production, climate neutral with the help of hydrogen power. even oil jives are getting in on the act b, p developing a renewable hydrogen project at its refinery. here in germany to replace a big chunk of its fossil based hydrogen consumption, the road to greener energy leads to am slammed. the northern german district hopes to play a leading role in the countries transition to renewable energy. tim

horseman coordinates the development of hydrogen production infrastructure in the region. this wind pock together with offshore wind turbines to generate the power that will be used to produce hydrogen in a carbon neutral process of the country behind using hydrogen to achieve c o. 2 new tragedy that means transitioning from fossil fuels, using renewable energy, replacing all that natural gas and petroleum by alternatives, and that has to be wind energy or solar and it was running on m. slend is in good shape economically with modern industrial and commercial enterprises. well funded with texas, the region can afford to invest heavily in the energy transition. well, multi national b p runs a huge refinery and ems land refineries like this one are among the biggest

industrial consumers of hydrogen. several tons per hour needed to remove sulfur from the gasoline and diesel produced here. but what's being used is so called gray hydrogen derived from natural gas in a process which emits large amounts of climate damaging theo to the plant is being converted so that in future it can produce carbon neutral, green hydrogen, livingston. and i don't forget that there are large, furnishes in plans like you're going to use large amounts of energy are needed here . it's $120.00 megawatts, $120.00 reactive to build with catalyst it's, it's highly energy intensive. produce lots of c o. 2 new plans are pure electrolysis. unity needs much less energy with almost no c o 2, but it's very expensive. without state subsidies, it would be difficult to realize the plans, the fed subsidized green hydrogen costs more than great hydrogen. so there's no

economic incentive for it. why would a market driven company use green hydrogen, but it just costs some money and their customers won't pay for it. so subsidies are a central guide and both the german government and the you agree that they will be in the 1000000000 in since in the yard making industrial facilities more eco friendly cost. a lot of money. at this power plant green hydrogen, could soon replace natural gas and german energy multinational w e plans to build one of the world's biggest hydrogen production plants on this field. green hydrogen is opening up entirely new business opportunities of muscle smoke. it is, that's what i really helps is that we already have large cavern storage facilities in our leo in which we can temporarily store the large amounts of hydrogen comment generated losing wind out. and then i'll be able to take that stored hydrogen and

make it available to all those industries and gas power plants that are switching to stellan done. all of these are stored energy efficient despite the energy coordinated tim hoffman says it's important to implement green hydrogen quickly. that way the existing natural gas pipeline system can be used for distribution, allowing the hydrogen to be transported to every corner of the country. the thing that i believe that green hydrogen will be indispensible in many sectors, which is why it should have been invested in years ago. but it's only now that the course has been set. the 1st green hydrogen plans in england should be up and running next year. well, one good thing about this pandemic for the planet has been the fact that most of us have been locked up at home, denied any real sort of travel,

no exotic holidays. beach time for me. i've been locked up here in the studio. an economic catastrophe because one in 10 jobs around the world are in tourism. and officials rec, in the sector, won't pick up properly again until 2023. and what they could do in the meantime is trying to clean up the business. choosing to fly comes at a high price in terms of emissions. airlines say we might soon change that with 0 emission hydrogen powered aircraft. but is that realistic? the remember when flying was fun and adventure post free spirits. and that just that feeling look at all the fossil fuel that has to be burned to get to flight flying, fastest way into the climate crisis. how do you but there's hope and innovative ideas. the industry is trying to reduce that carbon

footprint. ah, there are many, many reasons to believe in hydrogen. willow flight soon be eco friendly. what's behind degree hydrogen height? more than 20000 flames when operation around the world before the condemning. carrying over 4500000000 passengers in 2019 most of them were frequent flyers on domestic slides from the u. s. on china. and they accounted for about a quarter of all of the ation emissions. a problem with a d. h. but they're very tiny minority of the world. take the huge share, the emissions, while 80 percent has never direct c o. 2 emissions from the asian account at least 2 percent of global emissions in 2019 doesn't sound like much. unfortunately, it's the most energy intensive activity that human beings can buy. and

while you can get an electric car swapped, need for veggies. there isn't really a viable eco friendly alternative to long distance air travel yet. how did we get into this? let's go back to had all began the world. humans, innovation and treble must have been very exciting. you know, a promise of a world that is increasingly connected with jet said activity flying was so exclusive because it was very expensive plan and it shows like a limousine. as an ordinary u. s. domestic ground trip costs around $600.00 back in the 19 seventy's whopping $4000.00 in today's money. but then the market was the regulators, low cost carriers emerged and growth again target number one. this year alone,

a 100000000 people in asia is why for the 1st time and evolved from the privilege of a few into a service for many are market. this is a population that has a supply for, for travel. they want to access the freedom, the connectivity from new airports to new markets to sky was the limits for the aviation industry until 2021. to corona, barbara cit. grounding most of the worlds aircraft. but the industry is expected to bounce back soon. we think that we'll see a return to pre cobit levels of traffic by the end of the 24. okay, so people who want to fly and will fly, but does it have to involve blasting fossil fuel emissions into the air? perhaps not. and the industry has been quite creative in proposing alternatives. i think i called at least 121314 different technologies that have been

proposed overtime. steph, i'm guessing, professor for tourism in transport. and sweden focused on the ation since the beginning of his academic career. i think we heard everything on the zeppelin replacing aircraft that was really in the ninety's, completely new and for models like this one blended learning technology to say it's kerosene. so ah, glendale fuels the so called biofuels, we're older h dash l and company kalen for example. pride itself on using them. the great thing about biofuels is that we can make them using algy, sugar cane seeds. we don't even from cooking oil. why a fuel is great for c o 2, but there isn't enough of it around. that's why k l m is getting everyone together to produce biofuel, on a large scale. canon is

a leading airline in biofuels. but k limbs, actual share of biofuels, was only 0.18 percent of their total fuel consumption in 2019. in the end, they were sued for misleading marketing or very recently type about electric aircraft. and we were convinced that the electrical revolution would happen in aerospace as well. so we launched a fully electric powered aircraft, which we called the sun one project that was canceled the year before it was scheduled to make its 1st flight well, as i did earlier, one measure of progress and that is emissions going down. and we haven't seen that nor now hydrogen supposed to say to planet ah, our belief in what hydrogen represents is most pivotal white. they say hydrogen has at least 3 striking features. number one, it's a versatile energy carrier and can power aircraft with high energy demand,

where batteries would be no alternative. hydrogen can be made using renewable energy, meaning the production can be environmentally friendly. this so called green hydrogen is what they want. ok, what we're talking about here is really powering a v, a sion with renewable energy. it does not pollute hydrogen. when doone in its new c o 2 and almost no air pollution, which of course is the biggest plus. okay, sounds great. but the and 2035 is this emissions deadline we set off to come in salvage reef. green aircraft, the green certified commercial, 2035. why? so late? the core challenges are to really build an aircraft that can safely run on hydrogen . because storage and the whole new design will be needed before hydrogen planes can take off. and the infrastructure for hydrogen needs to be developed from planes

to refueling to production. building up a coherent hydrogen system takes time and cost a lot of money. and finally, there's simply not enough green hydrogen available yet. the share of renewables worldwide is still too low to produce enough eco friendly hydrogen for the industry . right now, the hydrogen we use is almost entirely made from natural gas and cold. oh, and of course, it's all just a promise and promises has been broken. by the time it does work, it may be too late. the problem with hydrogen is that it doesn't work. yes, well, it's simply not there yet. despite industry assurances, we are seeing that everything we can through gift to see or through impact and work towards a deal with scientists like stuff, i'm guessing, remain skeptical. well, after 25 years,

i think i'm entitled to an opinion. so to tell you where i don't, i don't think the sector, any tech, everything we've seen in terms of discussion. proposals has always just been proposition for the future. as long as the ation industries business model is based on fossil fuels and growth, emissions will continue to rise. that's why activist and scientists are calling for strict regulation. we need governance to, to address this problem. if they leave it to the lines, i'm very skeptical. we will see a solution. so back to our original question with our flight should be could friendly put simply, no, they won't. and believe more time to reach its potential. but we can help reduce emissions now by making choices about how we travel and traveling less whenever possible. go technology alone will not be able to save our planet. only

we can do that ah, in hydrogen clean fuel in the future, or just a lot of hot air. thanks for joining us for another episode of the w's in depth. if a show made you again ah ah, ah ah ah, the

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