rotted again, molten lava shot into the sky in the early hours of the morning, firing plumes of smoke and ash across the city. there are reports of major damage or injuries. the eruption is the 4th this month. it's not as one of the world's most active volcanoes. c, w sly from berlin. up next are covered $900.00 special kelso find much warner website. s t w dot com. i'm the mom is watching the news . the fight against the corona virus pandemic. how has the rate of infection and in developing what does the latest research say information and contact the corona virus because it 19th next on d. w. can you hear me now?

yes, yes, we need you. in germantown and i, we bring you uncle mack or you've never had have before, right. just so what is what it was? who is medical really well. and also we talk to people who follow along the way, admirers and critics alike, in the world's most powerful woman shaking headache is paid join us for macros. last me the there are growing calls for awaiting of covert vaccine payton's to increase deliveries to developing countries. that would speed up production of the jap. oh, the us things that will be you believes easing, export rules would speed up supplies. if you can give the peter labs don't know how

to produce this, they won't produce it overnight. the figures are telling 30 percent of people in rich nations have had at least one shot in low income countries. it's just point 35 percent. i think i would go ones that sort of that say not just that. busy the what it is as the school bus, you know, the world is in bikes, you know, but i've been physical and welcome as leaders around the world attempt to draw lessons from the cupboard 19 pandemic. one question remains notably unresolved how to handle vaccine. peyton's at present, it's only these companies and a select few. they have licensing agreements with that are allowed to make the jobs . it's a fundamental principle of intellectual property law, but one critic say is costing lives and slowing down efforts to end the pandemic. south africa and india have led coals to see peyton's wavered more than $100.00 countries, including the united states. a great germany is

a notable exception with a government coming out strongly against the proposal. so what are the arguments for and against? proponent, se suspending would help economies reopen sooner. it would also save lives and point to the exceptional circumstances of the pandemic. and the fact that pharma companies have benefited from state help that's out taxpayer money. of course, those against say it would hamper innovation slow future responses to future pandemic. they also argue the wave is wooden self production capacity issues and point out that some pharma companies are already selling that vaccines to poor countries at cost price. so is there a resolution to all these incite? i'm joined by elizabeth, my daughter. she's an advocacy official with doctors without borders at also by sandy douglas. he's a research group leader at jenny institute at the university of oxford. welcome to both of you. hello, elizabeth. if we can start with you,

we got this vaccine in record time. would that have been possible without payments? i would say yes, that would have been possible because the pace of the vaccines have not yet been protected by the patients in the past year. it takes about 18 months for this protection to start, and we saw that it wouldn't have been possible without the massive amount of public funding that has actually gone into the 16th. so yes, we say this could have been possible and therefore it should be a global public good because of all the public funding that have gone into the fix, you will get to the funding in a moment sandy, what do you think on payton's, the tool that the drives innovation, i think in the case of our vaccines university, i agree with elizabeth, would it be possible to develop this with patients, although it may have been hard bring on board after that or another pharmaceutical company partner in a future products where they have some protection,

what about all that state money though, that a miserable mention? shouldn't the state then have a say in how this is all dealt with? yes, absolutely. and noble at the moment when boxing being developed, funded by government funded by not for profit by the gate commendation or safety, which the culture represented paradise initiatives. all of these organizations will attach conditions to funding, which in many cases will prioritize access below in middle income countries. so in the case of the present, the government had a very active site in what terms it was last and dr. seneca on the on that was not just about protecting the interest. there was also a consideration of protecting access below middle income countries in that process . elizabeth, why is the economic giant germany so against waving pain?

well, as mentioned before, there are a lot of maxine producers and pharmaceutical companies in germany who have the interest of protecting their i. p. right. so they are patients, for example, and biotech and cubic for example, to m r in a produces would have interest and patient seeing those, but i would say the strings attached to the public money. but for example, germany has also invested in biotech, for example, all the u. s. that invested nearly $1000000000.00 in order for the r v. in the spec scenes, they were not elapse strings attached to the 15th. we want to see effects of conditions for affordability access and also tech transfer attached to these to these findings because also in the case of separate the sandy mentioned just now, they were not strong enough conditioned as additions attached so that you could actually say that needs to be a tech transfer now from the different entities that actually receive their funding . so we would want in the future that this would be kept in mind. we're obviously

talking about exceptional circumstances here, but sending, let me check in with you. if these peyton's wavered would not be setting a dangerous president for, for how all of this works in the development of life saving drugs and drugs in general. well, i think that is a really complicated loan, somewhat ideological debate about box. elizabeth and i might take different sites on that, but i think this quite a different question which is much more immediate and practical which but what can be done now in the situation that we're in now to get as much as possible to as many people as possible, as, as quickly as possible and personally out of patience all the problem that you mention. but donna said tobar last year they wouldn't enforce that happens, but they haven't made any difference. availability is, i'm a doing

a light product in low and middle income countries and agrees on that one. no, because it's not for mixing, it's not early enough. i would agree. patients are not the only barrier, especially in the short term, but they are one of the barriers and for vaccines we need the waving of patients together with technology transfer and when we're there and says as a single company, they won't enforce that i p that is not the same as the need security that a global, payton wave i would have about firstly. and secondly, if modern as being serious about communicating technology and patients available, they would also do a technology transfer to low and middle income countries who haven't seen this in the, in the pandemic thus far. and that's why we saying this is not, not going up, but i would agree that payments are not the only barrier that they're sandy. what, what else did you want to say that? i think you've got the right folks on the technology transfer and having be

involved in the licensing of the vaccine and the discussion about how we do that. one of the things really, really tricky to think about how you force a company to transport a technology really quickly. because it's a lot of hard work. it comes at the expense of other things the company might be doing. and how do you force a company to answer an email today, rather than in the morning? for example, it's things like that that make it move quickly. it's quite easy to say you will technology transfer, but you know, it's really hard to make it happen very efficiently and very fast. i think also it's important to think about whether transferring technology to loaners and come country manufacturers is the best way to increase supply of a particular vaccine on a case by case basis. i think some back thing that probably is on for others. perhaps it's not elizabeth, how much hope you have with us getting behind this initiative. it's an historic

move and it shows that ip is exactly, it's been recognized as a barrier to the scale up. so we need the patient waiving, we need the technology transfer and all technology, especially also m r. a should be taken into account because we need to end the panoramic. we need to have more vaccines available for more people to live and get out of the more quickly as a suitor from doctors without borders and sandy douglas from the genet institute. thanks to both of you. thank you very much. thank you. and his outside correspondence, derek williams, answering your questions on the corona virus call. people keep saying we don't know the possible long term effects of vaccines, which just sounds like soft vaccine skepticism. what are your views? oh, i think it's almost impossible to have a fruitful conversation about this topic because when someone says, yeah,

but how do you know there won't be problems down the road? then that's sort of destined to turn into a pointless discussion as is really any discussion that requires predicting the future. 100 percent. the problem is, in life and independent mac, we always have to make decisions about the future based on data that we've collected in the past. we have to choose our next moves based on what that data appears to tell us. it's not a perfect infallible system by any means, but it's the best one we have when it comes to decisions like whether or not to get vaccinated. so. so here's what the current data says about vaccines in general. and cobit vaccines, in particular, both the c d c and the w h o. emphasize that the chances that vaccines could cause long term health problems are extremely low. because past experience with

many, many different candidates for a wide range of diseases, overwhelmingly shows that when side effects do crop up and they do, they nearly always do so within a few days or weeks of vaccination. the biggest vaccine drive in history though, began many months ago, and at hundreds of millions of cobra, 1900 doses have since been administered worldwide. the rollouts are being tracked with an eagle eye. authorities has detected a few possible serious vaccine side effects in some very rare cases, but nothing that indicates any wider trends. on the other hand, we have an absolute mountain of data on the potentially devastating long term side effects that getting coven 19 can cause. being able to prevent them effectively

is a huge advantage. so with the evidence saying the advantage, so massively out ways any known risk, why wouldn't i want to get back to needed? i don't have to predict the future to choose that. the data says, it just makes sense. me there, i'm ben says all and thanks for watching. stay safe. again. say ah, see, go africa, insects can destroy harvests. but in molly, farmers don't have to rely on chemical pesticides. this tree offers an alternative name tree. a sustainable insecticide can be extracted from its fruit. can farmers

be convinced to switch to organic diesel you? many places not. mine is apparently hydrogen, its being sold as clean all rounded as the energy source of the future. many industry and they're very interested in the field trophy, but what potential doesn't really carry made in germany in 60 minutes on the w o. the news. it's been ongoing quest for

the the spring began in 2011. people stood up against corrupt, rulers, and dictatorship. hotel more security, more freedom and more dignity have their hopes been fulfilled. 10 years after the era spring, rebellion starts june 7th on d. w. me the welcome to this new edition of africa, a weekly environment to show. today we're devoting part of the program to, to kissing sustainable design and function ideas. i am sandra, twin over here in compiler. uganda. great to help you with. hello there, sandra,

and welcome all you view as i am for a loan. coming to you from lagos, nigeria, now over the next stuff, and we hope to inspire you with is on how to leave and dress in ways that are kind out to the environment. how about some thinking shoes made in some ways all clothes made of tree bought the bose. it strikes a practical and we have some design to use a natural fibers of a guarantee. you never can see that. but before we hit the eco caught walk, we're 1st had to molly where more than 70 percent of the population lives from farm in. and in order to boost the harvest, most of the farmers, they're used chemical pesticides. well, that's called a high price. human health and the environment and rob bible autocracy.

the $4000.00 orange trees is spread over 15 cars. this is the deana agriculture farm near monday's public, obama. for a long time, i tell you the best cause massive damage. yes, the white tom might be in such infest the seas and each through there wasn't them to stop bearing rhodes ball when we tried many different chemicals in our fight against the how might in frustration and nothing walk. but then we started using a new one and, and not only did it walk, well, it's also a lot cheaper than conventional side july i was just thinking only from india then she was introduced here in the 900. 64 is the restaurant bubbles in. the plant grows quickly and can handle temperatures up to 45 degrees

celsius. important for the countries hot climate, knowing abundance, they contain a host of useful ingredients, especially the fruit. when processed, this substance can be useful, may be seen and goes on purposes. but the potential of the new 50 said is still largely unknown. there are only a few new oil producers in my lease, one company instead of 200 kilometers north east of the capitol, producing new oil is and then p process only, right? goods that have fallen off the tree is connected and drive in the shade. the oil is it's structured because you're pressing a little closest in euro's and can be used to spray an area one side of this size of a soccer field. oil produced july, so i got a sample of 1000000000. she's brilliant attribute, somewhat by accident. here you have it in place like that. i saw i don't want my

head. it was shunned by everybody. they seem to and it's kim. yeah. i already knew a little about the new brand. and so i took some classes and them med, apparently bought it on the one. immediately there flies left. the dog puts with them was listed. there's no more than an evidence for the effectiveness of the mileage. mean, if you have a good culture, has been the thought you its beneficial properties that are active ingredients in new oil is that's what makes it named best product. it's been found doing here. so when an insect in just the substance, they don't develop, name is not toxic for humans or bees, but from us still further chemical alternatives, even

a vote 1000 of people fall ill do do best to say poisoning in my life every year. this chemicals are fall on every corner to plump. surely in there in the future, on a farmer's right. there's 2 sides in large quantities. 24 people got a whole lot of farmers defy using chemicals because it's 11 using name oil sees have been offered training to people in the front of the country, one to switch to organic farming. and that involves learning how to make bio bass decides. one part oil is mixed with $55.00 will be what it is then ready for spring . there already is like sensitive. however, i'm sure there will be applied after sunset. during the session, had been agit discovered an emphasis on the one in the cornfield. she mean listen, they, i mean warms already knowing on the part of the on, during the mental record and get all the eggs. i mean those we missed. we had in 4

or 5 days, but we'll destroy them and pitching this is many times a month for them, and we'll get them completely in a minute more. so this is times already convinced it's your conclusion that the new good that is right for him. my name is that we will have it on our own desk and the all is not very expensive to process. so i'm delighted to the scene for me. now you look at the orange plantation near by my school. the farm now supplies organic oranges to the entire region. their success will inspire other farmers to use new oil and to combat the best with humming the environment. the hill and the co operative open loop, just different ways looping, including shoes can produce fairly urgently needed. the textile industrial

uses nearly a 1000000000 cubic misses of water each year. now, once more companies in bob, we come up with this also model where the candidate for this week doing your big i, let's neat nuts i muscle, rural. doing heard that involves producing. we can choose ones without any animal components. a quick check in zimbabwe. capital herrera shows that most jews here like elsewhere, are made from animal leather. but next time, as a rule and her workers use a synthetic leather with a cotton base the entire issue is going because if it's a little bit, the wreck seen the african fabric made from cotton and all that made with rubber.

the women carefully select scraps of fabric from taylors. what was originally supposed to be a part of address will now get a 2nd to life cycling isn't. it's not a big topic and somebody, it's not particularly prominent activity. but for me that this kind of made me, like i said, it was a light bulb moment. i realize, okay, this actually a lot of fabric out there that's probably just been thrown out and we use african fabric. so why don't we incorporate that into our shoes? all shoes are made with a sewing machine that doesn't require electricity. entrepreneur has also created jobs for survivors of child marriage, like cheap ammonia gods. he knew something, and that was i'm learning something something later that i really wanted to pursue education because of the traumatic experience i had in my life. everything didn't go so well with us. i lack another plus for the environment is the packaging which

is made from recycled cardboard. a single pair of shoes costs around $150.00 us dollars. that's expensive for many, zimbabwe and, but a portion of the profit goes towards supporting the victims of child marriages. and how about if you're also doing your bit, tell us about his visit our website. so send us the tweaks. hash tag doing, you know, we share yours to raise they look great. don't say i might just have to or the affair for myself. there are so many use too much terrorist all around. if we just use i moderation, this is right crease, even the most delicate materials from nature can be transformed into fewer luxury. in our next report,

we'll see some incredibly beautiful examples of that. it could be leave, it could be read, it could be balk, it's, it's feathers from, from but it's anything that's incredibly humble that you have to look at with new eyes and france form, use your imagination and transform it into, you know, something that hasn't been social about before nature, glad is the london based ethical design. brown that creates innovative, sustainable services, and they've come up with over 3000 of them. the raw materials are often waste seashells or feathers from poetry thumbs. the teeming hope rates them into their own create or into joint projects with other designers like bath tub and fade with eggshell. often the source material is practically unrecognizable in the finished product. i love watching other people reach that

point when they pick it up and they go, oh this is amazing. i haven't seen anything that looks like it. what is it? and then you say it's your breakfast that the services are produced in the philippines where there's a long tradition of using organic materials ops because everything is hand made a square meter can end up costing around 2000 euros. what we took was people with existing cross skills and we developed them to the level that they are at now, which is a level that nobody else you know, a full these designers all over the world are working with sustainable natural materials in germany and i, catherine uses fish lead for her labels in switzerland design atanya shanker, makes handbags from apple left to choose. they're all

interested in a new, more sustainable concept of luxury using things that would otherwise be considered a waste. an old idea which a growing number of designers on discovering for the sustainable creation mitchell has so much to offer us on the read so much to gain by walking because instead of against, for centuries. righty, uganda tree back has been used to make fun of brick in a process that doesn't hummed the tree. as we know demand for clothing middle natural fibers is growing all over the world with more and more people can, can move away from the scene takes. so could you get this back close become a global fashion trend that can help of the environment. this luck will be used to close after and don't out and complex process.

it will be turned into fabric for dorinda matter was creations. the dynamics fashion from backlog in has to do in compiler. in uganda, it is an age old tradition. and one she has a lot of potential shrink. who to revamp the above fluids from the look of the known coach gnomes and what's to them, and appreciating the into what then question would be gone. no matter who gets the buckler 280 kilometers from the capital, where the tradition technique is still practiced. here, clothes is made from the inner bark of the natal seeds locally known as dumber to that tree. after the buck is carefully peeled from the tree trunk, it is sucking hot water for several minutes. this is primarily done to remove sub

but also to soften the material. then the bark is beaten with wooden mallets. it takes hours of pounding and stretching before usable, broad fabric is created while the cloth guys in the sun, no matter who talks to, can you tell me that the designer also asked and built a tree in future. she will get all the clothes from a particular tree as an agreed price, because i went to this buck close every year. so in that process, the farmer will make sure he plant more and more trees and also keep the ones that you already had. we can look at the plans unusually every time one is adopted, but he also takes care to protect freshly appealed ones. they are wrapped in banana leaves and lifting piece to give them time to rejuvenate. after a cut,

i mean i can have vis new back from the same sheet. this process can be repeated for up to 60 years and she minute he never called and i'm confident that even my grandchildren will earn from the tree without cutting it down and got it. they'll continue to get more benefit from keeping it in. jo will cut meta also wants to see if god, which is a newness, because intangible culture heritage least, his work too many trees have been cut down and that young people are choosing west and styles over these eco friendly traditional one. he now trains craftsman in the technique which also creates job settlement to move from one if you cut down a to betray to make charcoal. for instance, you can make quick money. but only once the, if i harvest the bark, i may earn less money, but i'll be able to get that money over and over again for years, sooner with the globe. but looking at me once the buck close to.