c, double use crime fighters are back africa, the most successful radio drama theories continues. all episodes are available online. course you can share and discuss on the w africa, facebook page, and other social media platforms. fighters to noon now. with the i me. is it all just a lot of hot air. investors have been snapping up hydrogen related stocks as if the gas were in short supply. it's the most abundant elements in the universe like now sun. but on earth, it's mostly extracted from fossil fuels, emitting carbon dioxide in the process. what's called trade of excited accompanies promises of clean hydrogen. electrolysis splits water into hydrogen and oxygen

doing it cheaply, could be the holy grail of green energy. so it could hydrogen become the fuel of the future. that's what we're looking at today on made. i've been for the woman. she prices of companies in the industry have sold more than 500 percent in the past year. there are several reasons. 0 emission vehicles are all the rage. many countries are going carbon free in the next few decades. us president joe biden has thrown his weight behind the sector. and the european union plans to scale up renewable hydrogen projects in polluting industries like chemicals and steel. but a lot of the focus so far has been on cars. the question is, will hydrogen powered cars overtake their electric cousin? the. what's the deal? when we are supposed to be driving plug in electric cars, their own offer as part of call sharing plans in many cities. but now hydrogen

vehicles are the things. over the past 2 decades, several hydrogen models has been unveiled, though most of them use hydrogen and combustion engines. but what about hydrogen cars with electric motors like this one? we off the head of the german hydrogen and fuel cell association about the advantage over clog in e, cause mother to really plug in electric cars, have a distance problem. it ranges are growing, but come with up to 4 hours. we charging time, who wants to set off on vacation and have to take a 4 hour break every 250 kilometers. it's not an option. it's not this is work is not soon. houses this h to power call work. it's in both the kind of factory known as a fuel cell surgeon from the air and hydrogen from the tank come together, react in the fuel cell, producing electricity that pose the cause electric engine. what comes out of the tail, tight water?

unlike combustion engines, no exhaust fumes or carbon dioxide are produced. but only a few call me because manufacture them such as high on di, toyota. i'm a technology remains expensive. a car like this, toyota, mariah cost 79000 generates at the moment in the future, a new model is expected to sell for about 64000 chair. right. why is it still so costly? in thought? so it isn't the why the vehicles are sufficiently well developed to be sold at ordinary car prices if they were mass produced going. but at the moment there's a lack of demand off. perhaps also there's not enough state intervention to ensure that enough vehicles are accepted. so click on the missing, not so well and good, but so far, the hydrogen itself is mainly produced using fossil fuels. not exactly climate friendly. the found was the institute of systems and innovation research was

calculated how much h t would be needed in germany to fully exploit hydrogen technologies. and it's a lot in 2018. a total of $560.00 terror was how was of electric power with used in germany. even if electricity consumption stayed the same and 2050 as much as double time will be required to produce all the hydrogen needed for fuel cells and for making synthetic fuel. to generate all that extra power, germany would have to expand wind and solar on a massive scale to produce both enough hydrogen for transportation and enough electricity for other uses. that would mean then give us our stuff and move if we want to or are allowed to use hydrogen for mobility done then this hydrogen can only be generated with renewable energy. so i thought we would have to build up trade relations with countries with huge amounts of base and sunshine and

wind available, and that are willing to become our energy providers of the future. i'm. it was sustainable energy plants would have to be built there. and so hydrogen could be produced and transported via pipelines or ships to germany or trans transport. okay, so the message is renewable energy would have to be expanded massively to produce enough hydrogen. but not only is there still a lack of hydrogen, but also if necessary infrastructure such as filling stations in the capital berlin that we're currently just fine hydrogen filling stations and the total of $93.00. well, germany filling up takes just 3 minutes and then the car can travel 500 kilometer middle driving 100 kilometers cost, just as much as with a diesel engine. so it's not more expensive for the customer. within the industry has agreed to build a significant number of filling station. i'm up to $400.00 of them without looking

at exactly how many cars there actually are. the hips. i'm the support from policymakers, not just to expand renewable energy, but also hydrogen production. in december, the german government launched a new pilot project and tele west siemens palms to produce synthetic fuels using hydrogen expert. i think the h to technology in the form of fuel cells is also being taken more seriously. the 10 years ago it was more like an engineer's dream. it's such a cool and clever technology and we now have clear binding climate target and the green b o gave us more ambitious targets. we realize that these are not attainable with conventional combustion engine. we simply need different technology and replacement again. on the other hand, the global market for hydrogen and synthetic fuel is made from it is growing. scientists found water institute calculate that the market volume will reach up to a 102000000000 year right by 2030. and as much as 680000000000 euros by 2050

good prospects that the hydrogen technology in 10 years, many more of these vehicles looks to be crude things through the country. but it's still not a given hydrogen as a fuel because sounds great. the gas could one day play a major role in slowing global warming. phil, it's not always the best technology. the width is the one that clinches market share and rides the network effect. some analysts a warning of a bubble. the frenzy and hydrogen related stocks has companies trading at extreme prices based on expectations that their revenue will surge in the future. despite worries about possible headwinds for the fact that there was a similar burst of enthusiasm about 20 years ago. that prove short lived and another thing is abundant, the energy source has to get a lot greener 1st to make an impact on the planet. if it really hits the street that is or takes its place in other industries,

hydrogen is considered an important energy source of the future. it's supposed to make of a key part of europe, transition to sustainable sources of power. the cause of russia dam is investing in h 2 in a big way it's planning to build a hydrogen network covering the entire port. aiming to become a hub for producing, imposing, and transporting the gas to other european countries. but is hydrogen truly green? hydrogen itself is actually color this, but it's called great blue or indeed green, depending on the manufacturing process used to produce it. today most hydrogen is gray. it's made from fossil fuels like natural gas and coal, and produces high levels of c o. 2 emissions blue hydrogen is also gray in the sense that it too is gained from fossil fuels. but the climate damaging c o

2 is captured and stored in empty gas feels under the sea. for example. though the carbon footprint is significantly lower in the green manufacturing process, hydrogen is derived from water. this is the only form of h to production that can be described as sustainable isn't the dayton ohio origins are the same because it's always the molecule h 2. but the different manufacturing processes determine how high the greenhouse gas emissions are and how clean the hydrogen is. this is green hydrogen is produced by splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen with electricity. but that electricity doesn't always come from 0 emission sources. so even green hydrogen is only sustainable if the power used to make it comes from renewable,

such as wind most solar power in only then is produced without emitting any carbon dioxide clear. but if it's to be green and sustainable, the hydrogen has to be produced using renewable if you have it. but what if the country doesn't have enough renewable electricity to cover the need for green hydrogen production? germany, for example, has insufficient wind solar power. so by 2050, the country will have to import 45000000 tons of hydrogen. the risk the is that transporting it over long distances by ship or pipeline could cause further environmental damage. you said you home. one point of course is certification. we need a global certification system to really prove that this hydrogen has been produced from green electricity, water as well. right now we don't have that because there's no agreement on it yet

. another hurdle for a quick transition to truly green hydrogen is the cost been to implement in the didn't even if you compare renewable green or even hydrogen with fossil fuels under the current regulatory framework, then it's a very expensive option and stuff and enough before the toilet values, but as more electricity is produced from renewable sources, green hydrogen should become less expenses. full cause predict the cost will more than half by 2030. but so far the production of green hydrogen is not widespread in the european union. experts predict that the blue option where the c o 2 emitter during production is stored will remain a piece of hydrogen for years to come.

while germany is keen on expanding its capacity for hydrogen production, the aim is to produce the gas on an industrial scale with 0 emissions. this green hydrogen would be use not only for fuels but also for heating and generating electricity still produces like this and cope. and i'd get are vesting billions of euro's to make production, climate neutral with the help of hydrogen power. even oil jives the getting in on the act b, p, developing a renewable hydrogen project at its refinery. here in germany, to replace a big chunk of its fossil based hydrogen consumption. the road to greener energy leads to am slammed. the northern german district hopes to play a leading role in the countries transition to renewable energy gym, who coordinates the development of hydrogen production infrastructure in the region . this wind together with offshore

wind turbines to generate the power that will be used to produce hydrogen in a carbon neutral process of the year behind using hydrogen to achieve c o. 2 neutrality of transitioning from fossil fuels using renewable energy, replacing all but natural gas and petroleum by alternatives. and that has to be wind energy, your solar energy. once you've done m, slend is in good shape economically with modern industrial and commercial enterprises. well funded with texas, the region can afford to invest heavily in the energy transition. oil multinational b. p runs a huge refinery and ems land refineries like this one are among the biggest industrial consumers of hydrogen. several tons per hour needed to remove sulfur

from the gasoline and diesel produced here. but what's being used is so called gray hydrogen derived from natural gas in a process which emits large amounts of climate damaging to the plant is being converted so that in future it can produce carbon neutral, green hydrogen livingston. i guess i don't forget that there are large furnishes in plants like using a large amounts of energy are needed here. it's 120 megawatts, 120 reactor to still did. capitalist is highly energy intensive produce and lots of c o 2. the new players are pure electrolysis, unity all needs much less energy with almost no c o 2. but it's very expensive without state subsidies. it would be difficult to realize the plans to further than subsidize, green hydrogen costs more than great hydrogen. so there's no economic incentive for it. why would a market driven company use green hydrogen, but it just costs some money and their customers won't pay for it. and so subsidies

are central guide and both the german government and the you agree that they will be in the 1000000000 in the since in the yard making industrial facilities more eco friendly cost. a lot of money at this power plant green hydrogen, could soon replace natural gas and german energy multinational w e plans to build one of the world's biggest hydrogen production plants on this field. green light region is opening up entirely new business opportunities. muscles not only helps that, we already have large cavern storage facilities in our port leo in which we can temporarily store the large amounts of hydrogen comment generated losing went out and then be able to take that stored hydrogen and make it available to all those industries. and gas power plants that are switching to stellan done all of these

stored energy solutions. this might have to be coordinated. tim hoffman says it's important to implement green hydrogen quickly. that way, the existing natural gas pipeline system can be used for distribution, allowing the hydrogen to be transported to every corner of the country. the thing is that i believe that green hydrogen will be indispensible in many sectors, which is why it should have been invested in years ago. but it's only now that the course has been set. the 1st green hydrogen plans in m slend should be up and running next year. one good thing about this pandemic for the planet has been the fact that most of us have been locked up at home, denied any. we'll sort of travel. no exotic holidays. beach time to me, i've been locked up here in the studio and economic catastrophe because one in 10 jobs around the world are in tourism. and officials reckoned the sect won't pick up

properly again until 2023. and what they could do in the meantime is trying to clean up the business. choosing to fly comes at a high price in terms of emissions. airlines say we might soon change that with 0 emission hydrogen powered aircraft. but is that realistic? the remember when flying was fun and adventure for free spirits and that jet set feelin look at old fossil fuel that has to be burned to get to fly. high flying is the fastest way into the climate crisis. how do you but there's hope and innovative ideas. unity is trying to reduce its carbon footprint. ah, there are many, many reasons to believe in hydrogen. whenever flight soon be eco friendly. what's

behind the green hydrogen hype? more than 20000 planes when operation around the world before the condemning carrying over 4500000000 passengers in 2019 most of them were frequent flyers on domestic slides. when the u. s. i'm china and de accounted for about a quarter of all of the ation emissions a problem with ace. but they're a very tiny minority of the world. take the huge fair. while 80 percent has never direct c o. 2 emissions from the asian accounted for at least 2 percent of global emissions in 2019. doesn't sound like much. unfortunately, it's the most energy intensive activity that human beings can buy. and while you can get an electric car or swap, meet for veggies, there isn't really a viable eco friendly alternative to long distance and travel yet. how

did we get into this? let's go back to where it all began. will humans and the trouble must have been very exciting, you know, a promise of a world that is increasingly connected with jet set activity flying with so exclusive because it was very expensive airplane and shows like a limousine. as an ordinary u. s. domestic grown trip costs around $600.00 back in the 1970 s a whopping $4000.00 and today's money. but then the market was the regulators, low cost carriers emerged and growth became target number one. this year alone, 100000000 people in asia. why for the 1st time and evolved from the privilege of a few into a service for many our market. this is a population that has

a supply for travel. they want to access the freedom from new airports to new markets to sky was the limits for the aviation industry. so 2021 corona varos hit the grounding most of the world's aircraft. but the industry is expected to bounce back soon. we think that we will see a return of pre covet levels of traffic by the end of 2024. okay, so people want to fly and will fly, but does it have to involve blasting fossil fuel emissions into the air? perhaps not. and the industry has been quite creative and proposing alternative being icon at least 121314 different technologies that have been proposed over time. fungus, professor for tourism in transport and sweden focused on the asian since the

beginning of his academic career. i think we heard everything from zeppelin or replacing croft that was in the ninety's. completely new and for models like this one blended learning technology to say if cara's been sola ah, glendale fuels, the so called biofuels are all the rage. the dutch l and company k, like for example, tried to sell on using them. the great thing about biofuels is that we can make them using algy, sugar cane seeds. we don't even from cooking oil. why a few is great for c o 2, but there isn't enough of it's around. that's why k l m is getting everyone together to produce biofuel on a large scale cannon is the leading airline in biofuel. but k limbs, actual share of biofuels, was only 0.18 percent of their total fuel consumption in 2019. in the end they were

sued for misleading marketing. or they recently type about electric aircraft. and we were convinced that the electrical revolution would happen in aerospace as well . so we launched a fully electric powered aircraft, which we called the found one project that was canceled the year before it was scheduled to make its 1st flight well, as i did earlier, one measure of progress and that is emissions going down. and we haven't seen that yet. now, hydrogen is supposed to say to planet ah, our belief in what hydrogen represents is most pivotal. why they say hydrogen has at least 3 striking features. number one, it's a versatile energy carrier and can power aircraft with high energy demand, where batteries would be no tentative. hydrogen can be made using renewable energy,

meaning the production can be environmentally friendly. this so called green hydrogen is what they want. ok, what we're talking about here is really powering a v, a sion with renewable energy. it does not pollute hydrogen when boon emits new c o 2 and almost no air pollution, which of course is the biggest plus. okay. sounds great, but the 2035 is this ambitious deadline we set off to come in. we agreed aircraft, the green, 5 commercial aircraft? 2035. why so late? the core challenges are to really build an aircraft that can safely run on hydrogen . because storage and the whole new design will be needed before hydrogen planes can take off. and the infrastructure for hydrogen needs to be developed from planes to refueling to production. building up a coherent hydrogen system takes time and cost a lot of money. and finally,

there's simply not enough green hydrogen available yet. the share of renewables worldwide is still too low to produce enough eco friendly hydrogen for the industry . right now digest, we use is almost entirely made from natural gas. and cool. oh, and of course, it's all just a promise and promises has been broken. by the time that does work, it may be too late. the problem with hydrogen is that it doesn't work. yes, well, it's simply not there yet. despite industry assurances, we are seeing up to everything we can get to see what's the impact and work towards a deal with scientists like stuff, i'm guessing remain skeptical. well, after 25 years, i think i'm entitled to an opinion. so to tell you where i don't, i don't think the sector any interest in taking everything we've seen in terms

of discussion proposals as always, just been proposition for the future. as long as the ation industries business model is based on fossil fuels and growth, emissions will continue to rise. that's why activist and scientists are calling for strict regulation. we need governance to, to address this problem. if you leave it to the alliance, i'm very skeptical. we will see a solution. so back to our original question, will our flight suit be friendly? but simply, no, they won't. hide, will need more time to reach its potential. but we can help reduce emissions now, but making choices about how we travel and traveling less whenever possible. because technology alone will not be able to save our planet. only we can do that ah, in hydrogen clean fuel of the future or just

a lot of hot air. thanks for joining us for another episode of the w's in depth is the show. make you again to me the the

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