very capacity time, but south africa doesn't have infection. rates have been increasing in the past days. the country is going into a 3rd wave. and people who are under the age of 60, still not sure when they will be able to get inoculated. you're watching the news from berlin say to are covered 1900 special. that's coming up next. ah. the fight against the corona virus pandemic? how has the rate of infection been developing? what does the latest research say? information and contact the corona virus not change because the 19 special next on dw, sometimes a seed, it's all you need to allow big ideas to grow. we're bringing environmental conservation to life with learning,

like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can all make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing, download it now. the the even as many parts of the world start to open up again, frontline work as a struggling to cope with the silent, told the covert 19, pandemic phone out. and now all our recent studies on top workers and other frontline for suggest that for now is increasing anxiety is increasing. and so we expect with the rates are going to kind of stay high for, for public service. for a while, i see you know stuff. there are some intensive care unit staff saying they've reached a breaking point from academic research centers to scientific journals,

health workers, and scientists. fighting the pandemic say they are hitting a wall. me know, some health care workers have thrown in italy taken completely different job main thing, stay sane. doctors and nurses who can soldier on is still a lot of work. it may be light at the end of the tunnel, but the crisis isn't over. a taste of normality can be felt all over madrid. the cities vibrant nights have reasons they've been approaching what they will be for the pandemic bars and restaurants are busy since spain lifted the state of alarm bars and restaurants have steady extended hours. cookies have largely been canceled, non essential travel between the regions is allowed again, the lifting of these restrictions was met with wild celebrations in the streets of spain. that outraged many spaniards infection rates across spain are dropping. but

here in madrid, this still higher than elsewhere. and hospitals especially feeling the pinch intensive cast off, say that debit occupied after more than the breaking point, some even quitting that job at the coven ward. this is why people we speak to are cautious. they want to enjoy their new freedoms, but also do so responsibly. one of it for this garcia hasn't seen his family in 9 months because of spain, treble bands. it's planning along over to visit yada. now that they're opening up, we really want to see each other, but we're also scared to particular, okay. especially because my father died last june from cove it, although his mother's already vaccinated for his garcia will still take every precaution to make sure his visit home will be safe laterally. that is like it is what it is. the virus is there. even if restrictions are ease, but it's true that the eating of measures takes a weight of your shoulders,

could get the freedom to a certain degree. bar owners like simone, i thought, optimistic that such freedoms are here to stay on. business is an aspect of that live from one day to the other, cannot afford to close, but i am confident that by the end of the some of the situation will have improved, whether it, whether it's social and night, life or everything else and myself. so i don't know those bodies see them until then they will try and enjoy this fragile life, hoping that 1000000 small people will get the vaccine. and that corona virus variance can be kept at a europe and says north america starting to reopen, but that has many employees. worried one survey shows that maybe half of workers could leave fed jobs in the coming months. with 66 percent of respondents saying they feared that workplace safety measures were being listed to thing. and

surprisingly, health care workers and researches are some of the most effective bind cobra. stress one in 5 saying they were considering leaving the field when the crisis is over. when they don't there's a re dickinson is a clinical psychologist and the academic, mental health and well being specialist joins us from our country in spain. just what sort of a burden 1st of all of these medical workers in particular carrying choir particular i a huge been right. so that the weight of, of, of, of, of, of i guess the world of looking at the moon how, how are they able to help our grandfather in hospital in this moment, holding people's hands when they can have family to support them? how do they deal with just the increased burden? i've heard stories of people who of medical professionals who have signed more de certificates in a day than they had in their work life to that point. this is incredibly impactful

on those that they call face right now. so how should those doctors and nurses be dealing with this sort of situation and it's huge, but it's very easy for me to say from the comfort of my, my office, my enclosed office without having to wear a mask or anything like that. but it's, i suppose it would be my to seems, would be to take it back to sort of those, the smallest possible changes that you can make in the moment, right? that pause and breed that, that pause just to refit yourself receipt even your poster. recognize that those physical sensations that you're experiencing, feed into the level of stress level of what you're experiencing at any point in time. so just restricting your brain through, through that die for medic breathing, if you like, receding just your posture and finding that points of tension and your body can be useful in those moments and just keep it, keep it in the, in the moment. if you, if you can, right, just rather than zooming out and looking at all that you are dealing with over time . but just the person in front of you and how you can,

how you can help your work concentrates mainly on academia. how much of a problem is, is burned out in academia and how has covert made? it was why? well, i guess if you consider the sorts of things that dr. burn out, it's not really surprising. they've been out the huge problem, academia, right, increased workloads, really high workloads, relentless pressure to publish really, really little work life balance, i think drivers. but then if you consider the scientist even those working around the clock to provide us with everything that we know about the current or virus, all of those predictions in those model that are driving government to policy. the science that allow for this rapid development of these life saving vaccines, meaning on these incredibly talented individuals around shore, can contracts with no idea whether they live, what they like to look like, where they'll be living in the next 2 years time. that's a huge degree of job uncertainty and that's incredibly stressful. right? coven has been increase the workload at times 3 times the working mode because of

the teaching load is shifted significantly to move them on line. it's reduced any of the ability to collaborate and work with our colleagues and to, to build and to share on those scientific ideas and opinions of them and doing it at home with kids asking for snacks, every 2 minutes. it's hugely increase that right now. and i can in the community official. so do you have any advice for them in preventing that out in the 1st place? i guess 1st and foremost, it's really richard. and i think that that, that burn as a problem not of the individual, but of a system by the system needs to change. but that seed of the key they're asking the individuals can do. and that's where i suppose i spend a lot of my work is there's things that we can do to protect ourselves against it or to manage it when we're experiencing. it fits with academics, it's just don't internalize that this isn't the find that you're not cut out for academia that you're not good enough. those thought stop us from putting a hand up and asking for help. it would be focusing on the things that you can

control, why you might not be able to change that lack of job security right now. but you can work on managing your worries. your fee is how much they keep you up at night. how much they stop, you've been concentrating. and again, just making the smallest possible changes, those micro changes that could fit you on a healthy path to day, right? it might be towards sleeping bit, it might be towards moving a little more, might be just permission to breathe and do nothing disconnect for 5 minutes briefly with you. and i'm sorry i was just going to ask what about a big change? what about something like? because i was reading a lot of employees, would like to move towards a hybrid model of work to reduce that stress. what. what do you make of that? i suppose in some ways it's been, it's been really beneficial, right? if you don't need to be in the lab as a fines or whatever than being able to work from home has provided the degree of flexibility that many are enjoying. but to be honest, i can mix, at least and many of us, right. i'm not very good at delineating between work and life and finding that line

in between and the few about doing that from home. it's even harder still. so how do you find that line? how do you close that laptop and not just checking in the evening, work of intruding on our lives. and especially in covert time when you don't have life, all of that, like outside your friends, your family coming in claiming some of that work time. then you're just working more, right. you're just able to phillip space and it's, it's hurting up, turning it a lot. does it take us in there for us, a clinical psychologist and a bit of advice there. if you are suffering from thrown out. great, talking to my pleasure. take care is another interesting question for our science correspondent derek williams. if you've got one yourself, send it to our youtube channel. paul, you can antibody to, to nation with negative. shouldn't have come at positive. no, not necessarily. the food and drug administration in the u. s. actually issued

a communique on exactly this topic just a few days ago. it says that although cove at $900.00 vaccination might cause a positive result in some antibody tests, it doesn't necessarily do so for all or, or even for most of them. that sounds a little counterintuitive. i know, but, but it isn't really for some simple reasons. one in particular, which is that most antibody tests weren't designed to detect immunity after vaccination. they were designed to detect a past infection was always kept. and although both vaccination and infection lead to the same result, which is immunity for at least a while against the virus, it turns out that at the immune system level things are a little more complicated to surprise, surprise, to explain what's going on. let's look at the structure of, sorry, covey to, for

a 2nd. from the outside. it looks like a ball studded with weird, feathery structures. the ball is what's called the cap, that which in cases the virus is genetic material together they form what's called the nucleus caps and the feather like structures that dart the surface are called spikes. now when you contract cobra 19, your body reacts with a range of antibodies that attached to a range of different targets. lots of them on the nuclear caps it. and those are the anti bodies that many tests are developed to detect. most vaccines, however, work by getting your immune system to produce only antibodies that target spikes and plenty of tests weren't made to detect those. so if you've only been vaccinated but not infected, and you take one of those tests,

then it'll come up negative because the test was made to detect nuclear camps at anti bodies and not the spike antibodies that your vaccinated system is producing. but they protect you effectively to me. thanks so much and stay safe and see you again. so of the this is to understand the world better. we need to take a closer look at the experience, knowledge no

matter how hard or last kind of or how would it take to become iconic. take a look at how culture that is a global task. how can we point 30 minute, w, o ah, the news? it's been ongoing quest for the spring began in 2011 people stood up against corrupt,

rulers and dictatorship. the hope for more security, more freedom, more dignity, have their hopes than full feld. 10 years after the era spring in rebellion starts june 7th on d. w. me. busy think it is unique to an individual pattern of riches and sorrows that can reveal more than just fewer identity when a thing that makes even just please in contact with a surface at least traces of salt in proteins that can now be analyzed using new technologies that how scientists identify someone's eating habits the diseases they suffered from, or whether they took drugs even centuries after the fact

the following fingerprints into the past and rediscovering history. welcome to tomorrow. today the science show on the w. busy repositories of non h centuries old books can teach us a lot about the past, as long as we can decode them. cryptographers have yet to decide to the 15th century voyage manuscript, for example, like historical books, dillman next, as well as intellectual secrets. secrets about the people who wrote them catch them and left their traces in the form of proteins. these molecules are found in every single cell of the body and each type of protein is made up of a sequence of amino acids folded in a unique way. scientists of any recently learned how to read this data hidden between the lines of old books the so called marco polo

bible is almost a 100 years old. tiny slithers of the parchment or old biochemist pierre ga, needed to look into its past. regrets he speciality is proteomics the study of the range of proteins in organisms. he examines documents, paintings, clothing for traces of proteins, and they can be thousands of years old. before the bible belongs to the laurentian library and florence, it's named after marco polo because he was thought to have taking it to china to the course of crude like con. but what kind of parchment is it made of? back then the paper had not yet been invented. surface had been examined with instruments like spectrophotometer is using ultra violet and infrared light and so on. but then we proteomic systems came along and examined the proteins. there was a theory that bibles from the period were written on parchment made from the skin

of lam fetuses. it turns out this one was written, non calfskin blues were a guess. he says it's a type of parchment that was only used until the middle of the 13th century in the south of france. this new method, together with textual analysis, have revealed the bible's origins. no one the laurentian library had ever heard of proteomics before. quiz that we have it, i mean this was absolutely new to us. we get to hold the academic world. our researchers and experts are manuscripts. something that was completely unknown to something we always wanted. that's a physical analysis of our document, e fees. i. but i guess he had a problem. he needed samples that his pershing analyses. and most libraries and museums refused to allow precious works to be damaged in any way. but a solution was found to be guessing problem. and it came from israel

in a televi sub a lab silberstein, originally from russia, conduct personnel mix research. as soon as he heard about guess he's worked with marco polo bible. he wanted to get involved with our quote here. we immediately took it forward because it can extract result to dicker results to destruction of object one. think 2nd, think our technology to make pretty concentrations means of increase concentration of proteins and you know for sham on and if you want to keep on examining cultural heritage, we simply cannot continue these destructive technologies like a renaissance gene. it's coming up with ivan card ideas, really, the silberstein has invented plastic films containing beads of charged resins that jewel proteins and other chemicals from objects they're placed on the extracted

proteins can then be analyzed in the laboratory, his latest school, and examination of one object, casanova. his manuscript are greater, the lower molecule quote portrait, just because i know this is on the one side from casanova mem was to the shirt. anton checkoff was wearing when he died. little by little silberstein and his team working their way through the military cannon. another exciting discovery is what he found on a manuscript by russian writer may, can move cost me waste was to do with the kudos which was a source of such could you be in will get for much margarita . the answer was found in traces of sweat on the manuscript. drugs read shows the

highest concentration, green the lowest ball because it was a short time when we get the people found the objective information about theresa. so for direct appear with in the particular morphine in the for the book of or papers held, the steins sent the extracted proteins to rigatti and milan in his lab. but the polytechnic university, the plastic films that dipped in a chemical solution that detaches everything that has stuck to them. the enzyme trips and breaks down the proteins into smaller peptide fragments, which have been analyzed by a mass spectrometer in a major breakthrough by the protein historians had to do with the history of melana

itself. half the city's residence died in a plague epidemic in 1630. we get, he wanted to find out what the death registers still in existence from captain. the state archives might reveal. with silberstein films, he examined the lower right margins of several pages and found that they both traces of sweat bacteria, tobacco, and food, are considered cameras on the protein matter that are passed. course we examine proteins associated with bacteria. but we also found out that not everyone died 2 percent of the victims died of anthrax with research in which we identify proteins because we have, in a sense brought back into life which the more through our britain from the grave in which they were buried. 400 years ago, we've brought them back to life. for me, it's quite incredible equest article in the mail, and there are been pierre giorgio regrets,

he says pershing historians could rediscover all the world history in an antiquarian bookshop in florence. he recently found this book published in venice century ago. ah, me did, she said i would probably find all kinds of bacteria, epidemics, traces of cholera typhoid who knows, you know, some personnel mix could become one of the most exciting science of the future by casting a new look at the past. ah, grimes, publishes and readers have left information about themselves as traces of proteins on the pages of their books. proteins are found in the switch, the body produces when it's under stress. and proteins may play a role in the somewhat pungent smell of sweat. but in fact, stress plays

a vital role in human survival. since prehistoric times, stress has helped humans to survive. when a predator approaches our brain sounds, the alarm releasing the stress hormones, adrenalin and cortisone. adrenalin gives our body a sudden energy burst. our heart rate and blood pressure rise, that comes more blood to our muscles. the stress hormone cortisol is released soon afterward. these acts as a stimulant, breathing blood sugar levels suppressing the need for sleep and reducing our sensitivity to paint. but in the long term, it can ravage the immune system. adrenalin and cortisol that give us an energy rush and activate the fight or flight response. afterwards, our body needs to rest and recover. today stresses different. often it just doesn't stop. this constant state of high alert can lead to chronically high levels of cortisol that can make us sick and weaken our immune system. it can also

promote obesity, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. ready the good news is there's plenty we can do to beat stress including breathing exercises when to try it. ready ready sit down, close your eyes, take a deep breath, feeling how your belly expands as your lungs. ex. studies show that conscious breathing reduces stress levels. but there is another unexpected factor that affects how we deal with stress. and it has to do with where we grow up. this fellow is a typical city kid who didn't spend much time in the countryside or have contact with animals. this guy, by contrast,

grew up surrounded by nature. he had lots of contact with farm animals. research shows that people who were raised in the country are less likely to have certain mental illnesses, particularly it's growing up in the countryside is actually associated with a much lower risk of getting depression one satellite. so are people who grew up in the country also better at coping with stress? to find out rubers, teen conducted an experiment. they simulated a job application interview with 40 male test subjects. bottle dating the the why do you think your the best candidate thing? well, because of my previous experience in the life cycle, the school interviewers didn't just listen quietly but intensified the pressure by asking the candidates to do some mental arithmetic on the spot with the to how backwards from 3269 instead of 162-3221 is

stop for for that's wrong. please stop again for 3260 night that i told the subject didn't know the interview was not for a real job getting the answers right was not important. the experiment was about something completely different and standard to hear that it's a standardized test. just it's only purpose is to put people under stress under experimental conditions. to feel part of 20 of the test subjects grew up in a city and have never had contact with farm animals. the other 20 spent at least the 1st 15 years of their lives in the country and had lots of contact with farm animals. it's already been established that that has certain health benefits as municipal, as i let you know that with regard to allergies and auto immune diseases. it's been

known for years that growing up in the country protects people from them. and even after lunch, i'll fix things. there are further benefits. residents of rural areas have contact with many non harmful micro organisms that are prevalent in and around animals in their dung, posts and feed researchers call them old friends. and it's a colorful of bacteria argue bacteria, viruses, and single cell organisms. all of these micro organisms that were present during our evolution are referred to as old friends say by and his colleagues 1st identified the effect of these old friends in experiments on mice and moistened with the mice. we've demonstrated that when they're treated with these good microbes, there are less susceptible distress. for example, we can prevent chronic stress from causing intestinal inflammation or increased anxiety in the mice and nude. does that also hold true for people who grew up

in the country? the researchers use the fake job interview to try to answer this question. before the test, they took saliva and blood samples from the participants. particular interest where the stress hormone cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal gland, and released in greater amounts when we experience stress. and decided kind, interleukin 6, which is also released when we are stressed, it's stimulates inflammation. high levels are associated with a whole range of illnesses. simply inflammatory bowel disease and inflammatory disease of the joints and as to the emotions and with depression for examples and post traumatic stress disorder. and in zion disorders. before the experiment, cortisol and interleukin 6 were present at normal levels in both groups. the city kids and those who grew up in the country after the test samples were taken,

the cortisol level proved to be the same in both groups. that means they experienced the test situation as equally stressful. but how did their bodies deal with the stress? the researchers looked at the white blood cells, the lucas sides. they produced the class of cytokines known as interleukin, including into lucas 6 produced in larger amounts when were stressed. bite us when number of white blood cells and the number of inflammatory cytokines released were higher in city dwellers than in those from the entry level. 2 hours after the test researchers drew blood again to see if the interleukin 6 levels had dropped and were returning to normal. the results were interesting and the city residents weren't able to regulate their interleukin 6 level. that means it continued to rise over the 2 hours after the experiment constant, but those from a rural background were able to bring the level down within the same time period.

why was the 2nd group able to deal with stress more swiftly? professor says it has to do with the old friends a contact in contact with these micro organisms enhances the regulation of the immune system. the rise in interleukin 6 was less pronounced in those with a rural background. and basically, so as you can see, and so those who had a lot of contact with animals reduce their interleukin fix level and by implication their stress level more quickly. it's not yet clear whether rural microbes are the only reason for that could extended contact with a pet dog or a cat eel, the same positive effect reba and his teen. wanted to find that out. ah. so many of us, one of the most stress inducing cases is the office just as we're trying to write

an important email, the phone rings guys to them, then a text message pings on to your cell phone. oh, i do have a meeting to run to. it's impossible to concentrate and get anything done done also . but help could come from computers, thanks to emotion recognition software. shadley mar, loan is a software developer. his work involves a lot of complex tasks. can be strenuous and sometimes kind of depressing when you can't figure it out, then you are in a bad mood and his colleague mathias schmidt. my also spends a lot of time in front of the computer of these multitasking worst case scenario. it hits you all at once, the entire day, long, various stages of things. you could sit down and say, monday i'll do only the one thing tuesday. the other in practice though that's

difficult. they both work for tony. a company that is looking to develop an intelligent software system that automatically supply staff with only as much work as they can complete. the employees have to wear a pulse monitor on the job. a video cam films their face the supposed to monitor their mood and emotional state. based on that data, the software will decide how much work they can handle. at that moment, marco maya helped develop the software. he's looking at charlie's data to try to figure out how his colleague was feeling about his work right then. and what his emotional state was like. this the all you find the task difficult or easy was he may be at risk of feeling over extended

over a longer period. ah, to figure that out, the computer will have to learn how to interpret emotions in a blog. my is one of the test subjects. she's assigned a stressful task. she has to re type various text. what she doesn't know is that the text will get increasingly difficult. first, she gets the children's story than a textbook complex chemical formulas. the post monitor gets feedback on her stress level. at the same time, the camera monitors various facial muscles that indicate emoji in the corner of her mouth, all the area around her eyes and rigging. this expression is fairly neutral, but not quite often. on the right side, you can see she's under stress, can we just saw that the line is trending upwards? so what that means generally speaking, is that the task is a challenging one. and the for that she's getting more stressed and on. the other

thing that's very interesting is that the video also lets us draw conclusions about her heart rate is her heartbeat, regular, irregular, fast or slow. based on various insights from medicine and psychology, we can draw some conclusions about stress levels, the demands being made on her or relaxation. so even though her expression might be neutral poker face, she might still be feeling stress from the inside of it. you know, the flight of responders, do we really want to that a computer appear so deeply into our mind and soul? phillips is alec from the german research center. her artificial intelligence has his doubts. ah, and what this is used as a form of surveillance, perhaps even with repercussions for the employee. if someone's performance seems sub par, they might be fired about maybe because they're going through a tough time on a personal level when the system might detect that. and that could have

a negative repercussions for the employee, and that's something we definitely don't want to see germany, it's illegal to monitor employees this way. without that, the mission will they always have a choice. marco maya says his only goal is creating an optimized work atmosphere system. for example, it would activate cold forwarding in moments of intense concentration. but what many people say is that technology now serves as a major distraction. there are so many different channels of communication, email messenger, social media, especially at work. it's getting harder and harder to work on. something in a really focused deep way over a longer period and size. but it's become harder and harder to achieve flow to feeling energized, creative focus, ah, is a twisted state that's often described as the optimal balance between boredom and

feeling overwhelmed and stressed. it's that mid point where i feel challenged, but can still master the task of that flow that finished the flow. the during the state of flow. a brain releases happiness, hormones, heart beat small rhythmically and skin conductance increases. ah, marco might want to use these responses to teach computers to be aware of our emotions and to assign tasks to work as based on what they can master at that moment. who is on it also believes that systems like be useful applications for example, in traffic and on the road. it might involve a train or not. autonomy is driving system where we want to know if the locomotive engineer or the driver is still alert and awake. but there might also be beneficial applications in office settings,

or the company has already carried out tests in real life offices. the results are still under wraps, but it's already clear that systems like this opposed to change how we work what is read? why do you have a science question? you've always been mulling over every weeks we answer a query sent in by us this time it comes from maria, increase the me what is a black hole? black holes are among the weirdest objects in the universe. they're trapped and face time, where gigantic amounts of matter are compressed to

a point so massive that had curved space almost infinitely, and brings time to withstand still, the border of this bizarre world is known as the event horizon. the german astronomer cash font shield did seminal calculations of the defining parameter describing the event horizon. black holes are formed when massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle, or when the compact remains of depth stars merge. that's how the lightweights among these gravitational traps are born. they're called stellar black holes. those gravity ranges from between a few times to some 10 times that of our son, media massive black holes can have up to 100000 times the solar mass. and the really giant, super massive ones look at the center of many galaxies millions, even billions of times as massive as the sun. black holes grow by sucking up everything and there vicinity and even light can't escape the gravitational traps.

and they merge with one another to grow. albert einstein predicted them general theory of relativity in, but they were 1st detected around 90 years later in the center of our galaxy, the milky way is one such invisible mass that accelerates nearby stars. to incredible speeds. ah, telescopes around the world were synchronized to capture the 1st ever image of a black home in the relatively spectacular looking picture shows the place where time comes to stem. still. the dark event horizon surrounded by a ring of light from the hot matter. the orbits of the black hole. it was a milestone in astronomy and gave me

to send in your questions. just go to our website or find us on switch. that's it for this week's edition of tomorrow today. thanks for watching. we'll be back next time with more stories from the world of science and technology. until then stay healthy. ah, ah ah, ah, the news . the

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waiting for this new contemporary collection know museum. ah, a forgotten jim is real way can, has a modern temple of art. ah ah, in 30 minutes on the w. o. the news the news me the morning. because you're isn't

oh, no. no, no. i the i think is everything challenging because i'm listening so much different culture between here and there challenging for everything ah. finish from this i think it was worth it for me to come to germany.

ah sheldon, i got my license to work. is this from the instructor here? now i teach children who does this? well. what's your story? take part serious on info migrant dot net. ah, the me ah, this is the w news and these are called stories. germany has acknowledged for the 1st time that it committed genocide during its colonial rule of what is now namibia in southern africa. german troops massacred tens of thousands of herero and nom up people. at the start of the 20th century. berlin is to apologize and funded projects worth more than a 1000000000 euros in namibia. everything president alexander lucas shall go, has told his russian counterpart of vladimir putin.