inequality in the country, we're now finding an outlet. terrier square became the center of the popular opposition movement at the foot either but the thought can just rear square was god's paradise on earth the shorter we felt like we all knew each other. all literally, all strauser of gyptian society were represented there, mostly muslims and christians, women and men, workers and farmers, doctors and engineers, journalists all together on korea think and then the, the regime reacted as usual dispatching thugs to quell the unrest. mubarek had cracked down to nip protests in the bud before, but this time, the demonstrators were fighting back. the 2 nations had shown them the way

the protests escalated. ah, the government buildings went up in flames. the regime was tottering. the situation seemed to be spinning into chaos. then the army entered the arena. the military has always been the power broker in egypt. the generals realized early on that new bark could not be saved and took control. initially, the soldiers were ordered not to take action against the protesters. instead, they fraternize with them. but the army leadership had very different plans for the time after the fall of the regime. middle east experts, daniel gala sees the role of the military as key to the developments that followed

devices they wanted to portray themselves the savior of the people. the small bar cut the step down most of the military power. and ultimately, the military was able to preserve its whole status while giving the impression to the outside world. we are on the side of the population, and as the focal, the mubarek fate was sealed. as in tunisia, the people brought down a regime that had deemed untouchable initially the military took charge of an interim government. but the demonstrators were demanding free elections. they dreamed of a democratic future. dreams that were not to materialize. an entirely new force entered the political vacuum,

the muslim brotherhood which mubarak had previously kept in check. the islamist organization now saw its chance to attain political power in egypt. was a brother who tried to have a political party before. and they have been one of the best that is you don't do that. 2 things are prohibited to have a political party to have media out. it just was curious if you try to approach this read zoom so you will be all in june. so haven't actually after mubarak stall, the muslim brotherhood openly pursued its political goal of a state ruled by islamic or sherry, a law it launched the freedom and justice party, hom says, oba was one of its spokesmen. ah, the brotherhood had built up

a considerable base and poor urban neighborhoods. and among the rural population where its supporters were conservative, devout and barely educated. during the years of persecution under mubarak, the muslim brotherhood put its political ambitions, seemingly on hold. focusing on charitable work and building up networks. you can make the muslim brotherhood was founded in the 1920s as part of the opposition to british colonial rule in egypt. its members now dreamed of a state governed by islamic principles. most of the muslim brotherhood, there is no real alternatives and taking power in east. if you look at their core ideology, what done only then as they found a house on our banner roads, if they be in a position to implement will and islam vehicle only then with political power in

their hands. and how would they be able to transform the state and run political life? so for the most in brotherhood, the mother is really no tentative political power. those young people who had forced move eric to step down, still dreamed of freedom and democracy. but they could not prevail against the well organized islamists. the lebanese dutch journalist camp got us, was in egypt in 2011. after the fall of bar oak, i was a b, b, c correspondent, covering the state department. and i traveled to hillary clinton or secretary of state to cairo. and we met with some of the activists of april 6th movement who had helped bring down possible bar hillary clinton asked them how are you preparing for the elections?

and they said, we don't do elections, we don't do politics, we just do revolution. it's a very idealistic outlook. and one that you can understand if you realize how dirty politics have been in the region for so long the even after the inter, a military government scheduled elections, the bloody clashes continued. the protesters wanted a genuine revolution. they were becoming more radical. but the ongoing chaos on cairo's streets, scared many people and pushed them into the arms of the islamists. we didn't use power, we use the boat people. we use the when the people we managed to get the people out of the home to hope for the president, and he got more than 15,

medium benson vote. after his election victory in 2012. the muslim brotherhood mohammed morsey bound to be the president for all addictions, more jobs, more prosperity, more democracy, central demands of the arab spring seem set to come true. but if anything, the opposite was happening. as the islamists gained influence? the morsey government, pardon, prisoners, including islamist militants. there was a shifting focus towards sherry, a law with women's rights curtailed and public life to become more islam. i'm not sure what militant islam is. we're calling for holy war. egypt appeared headed toward a theocratic state. oh. 7 7 yeah,

in some of the gulf states were watching the rise of the muslim brotherhood with concern in the united arab emirates, or u a. e is a federation of 7 chic them on the east of the arabian peninsula. me all the rulers and avo. darby and dubai. are among the richest men in the world. they too had cause to fear for their future. feeling how many ruling families in the world place their claim to power either on his land or and then noble ancestry . on to the muslim, the muslim brotherhood were in his midst organisation with a certain amount of popular support. and they were the only ones who had really been able to credibly challenge this claim to power. and also had the means to change the political situation. the police said it's, and on for the ruling house in abu dhabi,

the fight against the muslim brotherhood became a priority not to promote democracy. but because the authoritarian rulers feared being swept away by the brotherhood who were using islam as a political weapon. the absolute rulers in the gulf used islam as a means to legitimize their regimes. in the emerett spelled particularly threatened because rival cutter had become the main backer of the muslim brotherhood, supported by turkey in egypt and to neesha. the brotherhood was an important political factor at the beginning of the arab spring. it also had a strong presence in libya, sudan, jordan, morocco, and syria. its most determined opponent, alongside the united arab emirates, was saudi arabia.

the so it is in the saudi arabia and the merits. wanted to prevent the realization of cutout interest life and death conflict or the control in the region all today is perhaps more important than the arab israeli conflict with all 3 glucose fetus jaila hob. ah, this is another legacy of the arab spring. the stance toward the muslim brotherhood still often marks the demarcation line between friend and foe. into neesha, political developments were initially similar to those in egypt. here to the countries 1st democratic elections took place after the revolution. here to the muslim brotherhood succeeded and becoming part of the government. here too, there was a threat of radicalization. the political forces were deadlocked. the economy stagnated unemployment rows. more and more young people were trying to emigrate to

europe. the new political class seemed as incapable of leading tunisia to a better future as the former regime. some tunisians even began to wish for the return of ben ali, ah, rochelle, the no, she has been speaker of the technician parliament since 2019. and as the leader of the another party, which has close ties to the muslim brotherhood, the party holds moderate positions. but critics initially accused canoe she of wanting to use democracy for his own agenda, similar to the brotherhood in egypt. ah no, she returned home in 2011. he had been imprisoned in tunisia in the 19 eighties and spent 2 decades in exile in britain the name of the 2 in this. while in egypt there was a clash between the muslim brotherhood and the officials of the past system. and

this ended in a qu, into nicea. we tried to reach a compromise between us, the sides. we and the representatives of the old regime in an embrace, democracy, and elected to see as president of the war now to veneer democrat. the moment that i'm for i subsea canoe she likes to portray himself and his party as regular conservatives committed to their religious values. but also to democracy the whole, but soon after the revolution from 2011 to 2013. and now that also became a rallying point for islam. it many of the party leaders had spent years in the regimes. prisons, along with the muslim brotherhood members. after the revolution and not a leaders looked on as islamists campaign for a shari'a law state. the.

7 calls like this post a threat and not only to tunisia as fledgling democracy from no other arab country would so many young people head off to the so called holy war in libya, syria or iraq to fight for a caliphate. and many tunisians would lose their lives. their illustrator. so liam's a rookie fled the civil war in his native algeria. but even in exile in tunisia, there was no getting away from the islamists. he responded through art creating a comic character that made him known throughout the arab world.

movies on i came to nicea 12 years ago. so i know too, nicea before and after the revolution show and right after the revolution with the rise of the islam. i created the figure of your hair, i would have it because because i'm from algeria, i had experience how the rise of these limits, transformed all of society. i saw the mechanisms by which they penetrate the society local too much. so this was a natural reaction to, so i created the figure of the little salad to want unions at the danger of is the migration of it with the means of my dispose of all she does. the son is asher. one up but into nisha in particular, the message of the little sala fest did not get through at 1st. some tunisians were

still intoxicated by the success of the revolution. others were busy with the every day struggle for survival. long. they can't continue to be. we just want to visit the fears i had in 2011 have come true, shown into nicea after the revolution. people said, oh, it's not the same here as in our area. we are different. there will be assassinations or violence here recently. but then there were, there were assassinations of politicians. there was terrorism, there were phones chose locks up, which is what i did from the start here in my blog, to portray all these, his limits. one and people who did it, that more look conditional jewelry. in 2013 to left, when politicians were killed and attacks by islamists, many tunisians held russia canoe shaped politically responsible and demanded that

his and not a party leave the government on the didn't know that, you know, we strongly condemned all this violence. he's attacked. and when we were in the coalition government in 20122013, we passed a law to band the cellist now as that. and then yeah, little it was the minister of the interior, one of us who made sure that the seller 1st party was ban here. definitely one of the us that made it illegal. and that was the only way to prohibit and police these movements said a few minute revolt was the had been more thought than they will use. no, she continued to emphasize his parties commitment to democracy despite its

proximity to the muslim brotherhood. but as in 2011, it was women who were defending the gains of the revolution against the brotherhood in the face of political violence, one special feature of to nature was revealed. a strong civil society that would not accept terror. we dead boucher maui is the president of the country's employers association the not the one i want to show. we feared for our revolution when we were afraid of a step backward and that our democracy, our freedom would evaporate and the dictator ship of return. when an addicted to an alliance was formed, boucher always organisation joined the tunisian national dialogue quartet together with trade unionists, human rights activists and lawyers. they helped pave the way to a new constitution. and nato was among the parties that promised to abide by it.

ah, in 2015, the tenicia quartet received the nobel peace prize for its mediation between secularists and islamists. the in no other country have political opponents been so willing to reach out to each other. this is what saved tunisian democracy. ski particularly issue notions isa could. what is a special about us and denisia is that 1st we have a population that is educated. and 2nd, we have a civil society that is very involved, a politically alert and civil society. that sense what was that they found to me and we have confusion, women who are emancipated, open minded, committed women,

those 3 assets, and able to manage things very easily on appeal issues among too many a place up and ah, among those courageous women was blogger lina, been behaving in the turmoil following the revolution. she was targeted by extremists and had to fear for her life. ah, for years she was under police protection, but she refused to be intimidated. was referred to monte projects no more than i didn't ask for protection. i was forced to have it, and to this day they still haven't lifted the protection. sometimes i get calls because there are new threats against me. they told me to be vigilant, though the case today said just to sure

was never considered leaving the country the just i think my flight is here. they want me to leave, but i don't want to. i will stay here. i love my country. i don't want so real fast, you know, despite setbacks, tunisia managed to consolidate what had been gained from the revolution. thanks in part to a broad alliance within society. in egypt, the situation was bleaker. in in 2013, a year after mohammed more sees election victory. people took to the streets against the newly elected president and his muslim brotherhood. the democratic freedoms won at great cost from the fight against mubarak,

were once again in danger. with jerry a law soon to be introduced, women in particular feared for their rights tension on the streets, continued to rise. supporters and opponents of the muslim brotherhood clashed on a daily basis in soft one as yet was among the demonstrators. when my talk was one of the greatest to pity of the muslim brotherhood was that they tried to abolish everything that didn't suit them. the best example was mostly attempts to change the constitution. so that the president's decisions, i, his would not be subject to challenge to the fact that was a disaster that was against the will of the people that was against the pro democracy movement to get to move in

the summer of 2013 hundreds of thousands again descended on terrier square this time to force more sees resignation. he had been in office for just one year. army helicopters flew over the square signaling support for more c opponents. as with mubarek, over throw, the military was showing who really holds power in egypt. the army men in the government was defense minister general abdel fatah cc once the military was sure it had large segments of the people on its side of the states to coo and had morsey and other members of the government imprisoned. the muslim brotherhood, the brief rule was over, but was it their final defeat? it was, most impala had experienced on decades of oppression and torture,

repression and still managed to organize and sustain itself on the ground. and that made them illogically, extremely well steeled and their counter caught them on the teasley impressed by short term political develop that makes them dangerous. and not only for authoritarian regime also especially for thorough terry and regimes, muslim brotherhood supporters, revolted against the military coup. the new regime showed no mercy in its response to thousands were shot or jailed. many were sentenced to death. in summary trials, the muslim brotherhood paid a heavy toll. the with that political rival eliminated. the generals made, i'll cc head of government. it was the end of the arab spring in egypt.

an exit is began thousands who were politically active left the country. muslim brotherhood members as well as opposition figures. many fled to esther bull. it had become a hub for the dispersed dissidence of the arab spring. turkey especially welcomed islamists like homicide sober in egypt. he had been the spokesman for the muslim brotherhood political arm and topped the cc regimes most wanted lists. once in exile, he bolstered the parties resistance, credentials, research, start adobe, and we go to the if i'm free 3 are when you come to something, not one. it's happened during the era of socialism and it happened during the fight of dictatorship and it would happen. and i'm sure that we will succeed in the hopes

of so, but it came to present himself as a victim saying the egyptian government confiscated his property and put his brother in jail from a television studio. in istanbul, he promotes the muslim brotherhood cause every week. however, the turkish government recently asked him and other muslim brotherhood members to reduce their media activities. turkey wants to improve its relations with egypt and the gulf states. xo, bell has fared comparatively well in exile. a situation others can only dream up like some one else. i ed in 2017, he fled to berlin. the cc regime makes no distinction between political opponents. at persecutes the muslim brotherhood just as it does democratic opposition, figures on the shoulder in 2015, i was walking down the street. when i had

a confused with me, with a stick saying no trials of civilians and military chords commit and other commit alaska in more than one of donna. yeah. that's when i was stopped and arrested faith. i was accused of belonging to a terrorist organization. and what the her about dish haggard. i wasn't detained for very long, but i was put in a cell meant for 7 prisoners. and they were 50 of us when they can get for the matter. and so we all had to sleep on one side. so we could at least all lie on the floor. danny, massive in the mulligan, been some one else. i had used to work as a journalist, but today he has to support himself with odd jobs. he dreams of returning to egypt and of a new egyptian revolution. no more. c c who are taught shot c

. c is my personal enemy. because of my exile in germany monthly because of my last year's. because of my mother who died in egypt and to whom i could not say good bye and pay my last respects in all me. eliminate it one way of when i'm about to shut off for the sake of every exile. for the sake of my friends who are in prison and have lost their best years, their blameless lee, and died because of poor medical care will be moved to school. our relationship with l. c. c is about blood when you see them in egypt, the revolution of the arab spring has failed to day. the country is in a state of deathly calm. anyone suspected by the security services is unsafe? the situation is worse than in mo barracks time. only scattered graffiti still bear witness to the years when people dreamed of a different egypt. terrier square where the uprising began. here is a lifeless,

concrete desert with a few token flower beds. little is left to remind people of the spirit of 2011 and the arab spring. ah ah ah me. busy get started. deliver, deliver, deliver, go home. morning to get ready, log started, deliver, deliver. china years work 7 days a week for a low,

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w richard walker explores the evolution of digital warfare, making military law more efficient, deadly just to share those with algorithms survive. interest scenario. as future wars starts to intense on w me ah, this is dw news, and these are our top stories. japanese main bar right party has failed and if attempt to sent shock waves across the political landscape in a regional election, anglo miracle, conservatives have constantly seen off a challenge from the alternative. germany in the eastern states of facts in the on

hold. the f d was hoping to win a prize victory over the chancellor's pausing, pulls of clothes and vote.