hidden threats you're facing the heroes taking a span to stop them. you know, to make up the google 3000 series starts june 21st on d, w. ah, ah, ah, ah, what the batteries, smartphones and even cosmetics have in common. right? a all contain silicon rare earth mattress lithium and other such elements. yes, they do even cosmetics. but the bigger issue is in most places, these elements are not readily available and mining them often harms the environment. so today we look at the race for critical role materials will come to

made. so here's something to note down june. the 12 is the united nations world today against child labor. today almost $1.10 of all children worldwide are engaged in child labor. and often they work in hazardous environments like mining the kinds of raw materials we need to keep up our way of life. micra is a group of minerals, houston, electronics, pains, and cosmetics. not only does it add an attractive shimmer to cause metrics, it's also a good conductor of heat and an electrical insulator. but very often, children are involved in mining it. the me debbie and 5 year old son brown, you turn the fin such a mica glittering mineral plays a vital role in this regions economy. so many people might,

the raw material is the only way to survive. children working for hours in a blistering summer. in the indian state of junk, and it's nothing out of the ordinary. let jello glitter the my children are so young, but there's no other way of making a living here. there's no farming and nothing. i can't afford to send them to school. they have to help me, but they manage 2 to 2 and a half kilos a day. we work until 5 in the evening. last visit. they used to be more than 700 official micah mines in northern india. but in 1980, a new law came in to force planning deforestation that made it almost impossible to access new sources that the mineral companies left. but the mines remained today, some 50000 adults and children work illegally. almost all the workers are darling to occupy the lowest rung in the indian cast system. many members of indigenous tribes who as socially marginalized,

because there is little in the way of industry in the area. people are reliant on the minds. a kilogram of micro can bring up to the equivalent of 20 euro cents, but often they receive just half of that middleman clean the mineral enlarge filter, drums, the platelets for then count into varying sizes. this is how it enters the market. the word micah describes a group of naturally occurring silicate materials that are rigid, yet the same time, elastic. many industries use the mineral and huge quantities among them. the cosmetic sector. a few years ago, anna maria vega and her husband kind founded the company lethal cause metrics. the acres transferred all the ingredients, confirm, uses our reagan and ethically sourced can other words,

they guarantee no animal testing was involved in production and no child labor. one of the key raw materials lethal cosmetics uses is micah, some of it comes from india. here we have 3 different types of mica. but this is, for example, of a sparkly version, which also has a chromatic effect to it. and what's great about this is that it's face sparky, but it's completely natural, so it's free from any plastics. yankers can't imagine making bad cause metrics without micah. that's why they decided to hand pick then supplier in india. they chose the distributor who was able to provide assurances that his micah only comes from minds that don't use child labor. although in the sector, it's often difficult to determine where the material originated with our suppliers,

with one supplier that often the manufacturer that also works directly with the mines, but also does the audits of the mines and have some independently audited as well. and that is where we gain the content of mike. it is used in a wide range of applications. the biggest buyer in 2015, in terms of market value was the electronics industry, followed by companies that added the mineral to banks and lockers. michael also finds widespread use in the construction industry. and of course it plays an important role in the cause metric sector. the everyday come on debbie enters and toys away to help satisfy the global hunger. micah, they never have any problem selling what they're connected to. one of many traders, if they receive 150 rupees a little under 2 euros, then it's a good day. she says, that's enough to buy some vegetables and rice bought for that. everyone has to

bitchin, including both her daughter's aged $7.00 and $9.00. we're going to get to know, i'm always afraid when i'm working that i'll be bitten by insects or snakes or that i'll fall into a pit called by nick, i'm when i'd really like to go to school, but we need money. we don't even have our own house. so i have to collect micah and i'm big. u. s. law has been in place in india since 2016. no child under the age of 14 is allowed to work. but the government itself concedes that around $12000000.00 children and young people are doing jobs. aid organization's estimate there, around $44000000.00 child labor. as in india, it thought that around 22000 children working in illegal mines in the states of john kind and b ha. many of them have never known a life without work because of their size. they are also made to crawl into

freshly dog, unsecure pince. and shaft oh, i knew i'm always afraid when i'm looking for mica. not long ago over there, 2 or 3 children of my age were buried in one of the shops and they died down. i want to go to school. i don't want this just in the companies that work with microsoft products. it's a potential balancing act between marketing and morals, business and conscience, at least on cosmetics in berlin. the yag is or trying to tackle the issue head on wherever possible. they want to know exactly where they have role materials that coming from. they also don't try to conceal from their customers that they use miko into regions of india that are financially dependent on like. and so if you replace

it with something, for example, of something synthetic, you're basically taking away their life. so i think it's absolutely within our responsibility. of course, it's also within the responsibility of being funny in the chain to make sure that it's producing ethically as well. because magic's industry is very secretive when it comes to micah 2017. so the launch of the responsible mike, an initiative and a lines of companies obtaining my gift from india. they all say they have a clear go to end child labor in the minds by 2022. but an interview on the subject, a camera. well, on our requests, including those sent a big industry names like mac, the current group and cooper k were turned down the, the, if you ask the miners of john can, how to solve the problem. they say genuine change can only come if mining is once

again officially allowed because that's the only way to offer workers clear safety standards in a fair wage. then that children wouldn't have to work. some politicians have been demanding the reintroduction of official mining for a long time. we are get to not be my daughter so you can see that all the labours here are giving this sweat and blood breaking their bones. what kind of life is this? you not to get like is the government can just look the other way. it's about him and we deserve better than this. when and all this toil so that the rest of the world can use not only cosmetics, but also devices like smartphones. they couldn't exist without rare earth. they used to create the vibration, for example, and to display vivid colors. so restless elements are in shoots demand worldwide, but reserves off finite. did you know there was gold in your

smartphone? but don't go smashing it with a hammer. it's just a tiny amount of fraction of ground, but still, your device also continues $1617.00 rare earth element. they are what makes the smartphone smart? for example, neo damian, just bro. c. m, and praise the jimmy m. make it vibrate and turbine produces the vivid colors in the display. around half of the world's population now has the smartphone and with the number growing rapidly demand for rare earth is set to rise . the good news is that where earth's orange, in fact, all that where the bad news is that mining them is difficult and bad for the environment. and reserves are finite. the supply of somewhere earth could be exhausted in just a few decades. so what can we do about it?

well, you could keep your smartphone for longer. and when you do get a new one, have the old when recycled. oh, wow. my smartphone is hold on. yes. i think i think it is 8 or 9 years old. wow. guess in terms of the environment i'm doing pretty good. if using a device that runs on lithium ion battery is really is environmentally friendly. i know that those batteries are crucial for the car industry to move away from fossil fuels. electron mobility is the bus word, but how green are these batteries really and what happens to them after they've been used? let's find out the in 2019 john. good enough, stanley whittingham and the hero. you know, jointly won the nobel prize and chemistry discovery. you have to turn

the magic to change the invented and develop the technology that most of us use every day, often without even noticing it's year buds. smartphones. let's up computers, courtland vacuum cleaners, and electric scooters. it's this the lithium ion battery. this technology is key to us driving around without burning fossil fuels. what does it take to make all these batteries? what do we do with them once they've spent me? why am we playing with lego in this video? let's find out. the, the automobile has brought comfort and independence to the lives of billions of people, but guzzling, ever growing amounts of fossil fuels has also taken its toll on the climate. we have an energy, thanks to lithium ion battery. we might now be entering

a new era mobility because of the high energy density that perfect and electric vehicles for a relatively tiny package, they pack of big punch the lithium ion battery as really enable many parts of the compensation. this is how it's eric melon, he founded a research and consulting firm focusing on lithium ion batteries. favorite thing in mobility, looking my investments, i would say they have been a key technology. really attention is so big in the tech that we get to scale in the, in the production. and that brings the cost down of the battery. and the global fleet of electric vehicles is predicted to grow immensely over the next decade from around 8000000 to 116000000. this means the demand for lithium batteries will also

shoot up. and this is where we might run into some problems. of course, it has the cost we need materials to produce about the re sending any extract of industry has an impact on the environment. lithium, as you probably guessed, pretty central to making the lithium ion battery. about 50 percent of the world's reserve of this alkaline metal can be found here in the so called lithium triangle across argentina, bolivia, and chilly mining. it involves pumping salt water from underground lakes into pools and letting evaporate a process that could have the surrounding soil drain water supplies, and contaminate the air. lithium a finite study found we could run into serious trouble by mid century if demand keeps growing like this. then that's cobalt that also goes into lithium ion batteries. it's a metal mainly found in the democratic republic of congo. its mining has often been linked to in humane working conditions and child labor people exposed to have

suffered from lung disease or heart problems. then you have also the energy that is required to make the batteries especially production of require a lot of energy. this means c o 2 emissions. how much exactly really depends on the electricity mix of the producing country. according to recent figures, making just a small batteries for cars like this could cost more than $4.00 tons of c o 2. to give you an idea like driving a new diesel cardboard in the u for about 33000 kilometers. the good news is that emissions are thinking, battery production becomes more efficient and we shift towards cleaner energy sources. the bad news is that the batteries are losing capacity over time, so there are more and more movies that will also be more and more spent batteries. busy how do we deal with them? and so we combined and we used in different purposes. cation, this is a dot kang,

she's worked on a report about this for greenpeace east asia. the best way that could be good to go with, especially when they're like 5 years that could in reading that com . thank you. have enough performance? that's right. we can give spend compet, theresa 2nd life, for example, that can be turned into energy storage for wind or solar. they could also pass you next camping trip and they still have enough juice left to drive a forklift or a boat and discard it. if the batteries are already used for all these things today, we should value that by reusing the original functional product. they could be reset cookies relative to produce more products. let's get the lego to understand how lithium batteries get recycled

. it doesn't involve smelting so essentially heating them until they melt. but this uses lots and lots of energy, creates toxic emissions and lose some of the materials. and that's why companies are coming up with new ways to recycle. you want to have as much as we can with high value materials that are taking a lot of effort to get out of the ground. we want to use those carefully and as many times as we can, this is who now fell side chief commercial officer lifecycle lithium, ion battery recycling company from canada. we basically come up with process designed specifically for this to have high recovery rates of the material and the 1st stage, what we call our stock is a mechanical process that breaks down the batteries and separates some of the fundamental materials. very, very simply speaking, this is what happens. the batteries are shredded while being submerged in

a non toxic solution. this is important because it prevents them from catching fire and the worst case blowing up then materials like plastic, copper, and aluminum separated from what the industry called the black mass. this contains the valuable materials, like cobalt, nickel and lithium. the 2nd part of the process is the hub, and this is really a hydro, metallurgy or wet chemistry process to process black mass into battery materials. what this means is that different chemicals get added to the black mass, which leads out different elements. these chemicals either make their way into the final product or reuse them the process. so this actually doesn't produce wastewater. you end up with a black mass separated into a single components like lithium, cobalt and nickel. so the end goal is that as we pull them out of the batteries, we're putting them back into new batteries and that hasn't been in achieved yet.

high scale there's, there's elements of, of it around the world. but we want to help to continue to drive that for it just has to keep track exactly how many lithium ion battery is already get recycled mainly because they're often exported. but it is already happening more and more especially in asia, where most of them also produce and as volumes of spend batteries grow, it will make even more financial sense to recycle them. in the i do that way. we hope that there's material testing already. we used indefinitely, lithium, ion battery, already one of the most circular product is already reuse today and told them able to recycle. we can optimize is better and better, and the more we had on the market as and more of those

now the karone of ours condemning has shown how dependent europe is on raw materials from other parts of the world locked downs in asia. and border closures cause massive disruptions in the global supply chain, forcing manufacturers to slower even hold production. a team of geologist is now working to find raw materials like lithium, rare earth and graphite in northern europe. to allow the you to be less dependent on us in particular, china, the team of john, it has no way get to work. that's been commissioned by a company called nodes mining to search for critical war materials. right here in northern europe. says they need to take samples, go lines is really nice me that i can hear because you can see like the thickness of them is pretty good for the or will it be for back at the research camp,

the team examines hundreds of draw samples every month we can face some of the mineralization here. the specific, the more make the fans that we're looking at, which is where the higher grade mineralization is. obviously been a d, m and phosphorus that we're looking at. because there's x 3, phosphorus is an essential raw material used in fertilizer. the large deposit of an 80 him, on the other hand, can be used in batteries that store energy within the next power grant. both elements are considered critical material, along with a range of others, such as lithium graphite. but where does the term critical val material come from? the question we put to the founder of the mining company critical periods is a terminal which, which is basically comes from europe, has been invented by the u,

because the europeans are dependent on today as far as the globe, particularly from supply from china. and which is about 6662 percent. china is the number one producer of critical role material. in the case of rare, china provides more than 80 percent of global supply and processes, the largest online and as cobalt lithium, copper, and nichol. here, china has secured strategic supply commitments from other countries to gain a monopoly. these materials are important when you will energy, which are needed to stop overwhelming. so right now, exceeding global climate goals depends on chinese roll materials. take lithium mining, like here in california, lithium is used in batteries for electric cars. here to china dominates the market

. electric cars, wind and solar energy, all require a huge amount of critical materials. by 2040, does it seem consumption is expected to be $42.00 times what it is now? the use of graphite cobalt a nickel, increase massively. well rate it will be consumed at 7 times the current range. huffman is another critical val. material that's in high demand, refused in electric vehicles and generators. china recognize the signs of the times early on. now, europe is playing catch up. green a digital technologies currently depend on a number of gas raw materials. we import lithium for electric cars, platinum to produce clean hydrogen, silicon metal, for solar panels,

98 percent of the rare earth elements we need come from single supplier china. this is why we have proposed to create a european raw materials alliance. the u has committed to reducing its carbon emissions by 60 percent over the next 2 decades. so a europe wide consortium was companies with headquarters in berlin had been charged with addressing the issue materials. so you. ready can rama to alliance has one monday to test the mandate, to protect your own from any kind of supply interaction of raw materials and in particular critical raw materials. and in this context, of course, our role is 1st and foremost, understanding the pattern and the mix of the moment here. and here the road is identifying respect to companies that have the willingness and the capability to

invest into raw material topics that can help closing the gap that we were just talking about. it would likely take 10 to 35000000000 euros of investment to mind the necessarily role materials. so companies like nor to mining that are funding themselves or especially welcome to me. if you will find the good project, you have to invest that attend am. it's, you know, it is very intriguing will be doing. it's very exciting because it's not only a minute project such, it has become a geopolitical and geo strategic thing. but it often takes up to 20 years to build in mind, starting from the initial phase of exploration. north mining says it already has enough funding from investors and hope to start mining much sooner for the european union. it can't come in and that's all for this edition of

mate. thanks for watching. stay safe. the the who's

the, the, the the the knows that it's chocolate. so much more than just that piece of chocolate. there's a lot more than just something that you put in your mouth and you place. i mean, there are so many lives behind that and that's why these chocolate tears do it on differently grad chocolate. since the lack sustainable, 15 minutes on the w. busy yes,

during deliver, deliver, deliver. go. good morning when get ready. log in to pick. get started, deliver, deliver. china food carriers work 7 days a week. and if they're too low, their wages get global $3000.00 . oh oh the news ship. oh, where i come from, we have to fly for free press. i was born and raised in a military dictatorship with one tv channel and a few newspapers with official information as a journey. i have work on this facebook. many cameras and their problems are always

the same for equality and lack of the freedom of the press. corruption on the floor to say fine. and when it comes to the defense of the human rights to have inside of their trust in us. my name is kenny perez and i work at b, w ah, future wars the w richard water explores the evolution of digital warfare, making military law more efficient, deadly decisions. those with the best algorithm survive. scenario. as to future wars starts june 10th, w. the me

the news . this is the news life from berlin. high to grade target organized, crime, gang, please. around the world, make hundreds of the rest of the agents. souls encrypted 1st to criminals. also coming up and un judges a whole the rest coban that has nice and his convictions for genocide, crimes against humanity and will crime plus the international olympic committee for like a team of refugee actually compete at the tokyo game.