they want to know what makes pajamas came in love with them away. but i'm not going to my own everyone with liter holding every single day. getting you ready to meet the gym and then join me. rachel, do it on the w me? ah ah ah. what the batteries, smartphones, and even customer takes half a common right. they all contain silicon, rare earth, mattress lithium and other such elements. yes, they do even cosmetics or the bigger issue is in most places, these elements are not readily available, and mining them often harms the environment. so today we look at the race for

critical role materials or come to made. so here's something to note down june. the 12 is the united nations world today against child labor. today, almost $1.10 of old children worldwide are engaged in child labor. and often they work in house. it is environments like mining, but kinds of raw materials. we need to keep off our way of life. micra is a group of minerals, houston, electronics, pains, and cosmetics. not only does it add an attractive shimmer to cause metrics, it's also a good conductor of heat and an electrical insulator. but very often, children are involved in mining it. the me go daddy and 5 year old son brown, you turn the thin search micah declaring mineral plays a vital role in this region's economy. so many people lining the raw material is

the only way to survive. children working for hours in a blistering, some in the indian state of junk, and it's nothing out of the ordinary. so that's like jello glitter. my children are so young, but there's no other way of making a living here. there's no farming and nothing. i can't afford to send them to school. they have to help me, but they manage 2 to 2 and a half kilos a day. we work until 5 in the evening with it that they used to be more than 700 official micah mines in northern india. but in 1980, a new law came into force planning deforestation that made it almost impossible to access new sources that the mineral companies left. but the mines remained today, some 50000 adults and children work illegally. almost all the workers are daunted to occupy the lowest rung in the indian card system. many members of indigenous tribes, so as socially marginalized,

because there is little in the way of industry in the area. people are reliant on the mines. a kilogram of micro can bring up to the equivalent of 20 euro cents, but often they receive just half of that. middleman clean the mineral enlarge filter drums, the platelets then count into varying sizes. this is how it enters the market. the word micah describes a group of naturally occurring silicate materials that are rigid, yet the same time elastic. many industries use the mineral and huge quantities among them, the cosmetic sector. lose . a few years ago, anna maria vega and her husband kind founded the company lethal calls metix. the acres transferred all the ingredients. the firm uses are beacon and ethically

source can other words, they guarantee no animal testing was involved in production and no child labor. one of the key raw materials lethal cosmetics uses is micah, some of it comes from india. here we have 3 different types of mica. but this is, for example, a very sparkly version, which also has to kinetic effect to it. and what's great about that, it's very sparkling, but it's completely natural. so it's free from any plastics. yank is can't imagine making bad cosmetics without micah. that's why they decided to hand pick them supplier in india. they chose the distributor who was able to provide assurances that his micah only comes from minds that don't use child labor . although in the sector, it's often difficult to determine where the material originated with are for

pirates one supplier that often the manufacturer that also works directly with the minds, but also does the audits of the minds and have some independently audit as well. and that is where we gain the content of mike. it is used in a wide range of applications. the biggest buyer in 2015 and terms of market value was the electronics industry, followed by companies that added the minerals paints and lack of. michael also finds widespread use in the construction industry. and of course, it plays an important role in the cause metrics factor. the everyday come on the interest on toys away to help satisfy the global hunger. micah, they never have any problem selling what they've collected to one of many traders. if they receive 150 rupees a little under 2 euros, then it's a good day. she says that's enough to buy some vegetables and rice,

but for that everyone has to pitch in, including both her daughter's aged $7.00 and $9.00. we're going to get to know, i'm always afraid when i'm working that i'll be bitten by insects or snakes or that i'll fall into a pit quote. online, i'd really like to go to school. but we need money. we don't even have our own house. so i have to collect micah and i'm big u. s. law has been in place in india since 2016. no child under the age of 14 is allowed to work. but the government itself concedes that around $12000000.00 children and young people are doing just fast aid organizations. estimate there around $44000000.00 child labor. as in india, it's thought that around 22000 children are working in illegal mines in the states of john kind and b ha. many of them have never known a life without work because of their size,

they are also made to crawl into freshly dog unsecure. pence and shaft oh, i know i'm always afraid when i'm looking for mica. not long ago over there, 2 or 3 children of my age were buried in one of the shops and they died. yeah, i want to go to school. i don't want this just the companies that work with micah products, it's a perpetual balancing act between marketing and morals, business and conscience at lethal cosmetics in berlin. the yag is or trying to tackle the issue head on wherever possible. they want to know exactly where the role materials are coming from. they also don't try to conceal from their customers that they use micah and regions of india that are financially dependent on like.

and so if you replace it with something, for example, something synthetic, you're basically taking away their livelihood. so i think it's absolutely within our responsibility. of course, it's also within the responsibility of every body in the chain to make sure that it's produced ethically as well. because metrics industry is very secretive when it comes to micah 2017 sole, the launch of the responsible mike initiative and a lines of companies obtaining micah from india. they all say they have a clear goal to end child labor in the minds by 2022. but an interview on the subject, a camera. well on our requests, including those sent to big industry names like mac, the current group and cooper. shane would turn down the if you ask the miners at john can how to solve the problem. they say

genuine change can only come if mining is once again officially allowed. because that's the only way to offer workers clear safety standards in a fair wage. then that children wouldn't have to work. some politicians have been demanding the reintroduction of official mining for a long time. we are due to not be my daughter, so you can see that all the labours here are giving their sweat and blood breaking their bones. what kind of life is this? you not to forget? like if the government can just look the other way, it's about him and we deserve better than this one. and all this toil, so that the rest of the world can use not only cosmetics, but also devices like smartphones. they couldn't exist without the rare earth. they used to create the vibration, for example, and to display vivid colors. so restless elements are in shoots demand worldwide, but reserves all finite. did you know there is gold in your

smartphone? but don't go smashing it with a hammer. it's just a tiny amount of fraction of a ground. but still, your device also contains 1617 rare earth element. they are what makes the smartphone smart. for example, neo damien, dispose, e, m, and praise the jimmy m make it vibrate, and turbine produces a vivid colors in the display, around half of the world's population. now has a smartphone and with a number growing rapidly demand for rare earth is set to rise. the good news is that rare earth's orange. in fact, all that where the bad news is that mining them is difficult and bad for the environment. and reserves are finite. the supply of some rare earth could be exhausted in just a few decades. so what can we do about it?

well, you could keep your smartphone for longer. and when you do get a new one, have the old when recycled. oh, wow. my smartphone is hold on. yes. i think i think it is 8 or 9 years old. wow. guess in terms of the environment i'm doing pretty good. if using a device that runs on lithium ion battery really is environmentally friendly. i know that those batteries are crucial for the car industry to move away from fossil fuels. electron mobility is the bus word, but how green are these batteries really and what happens to them after they've been used? let's find out the entrench. 19 john. good enough, stanley wishing him and the key, right, you know, jointly won the nobel prize and chemistry. so discovery have to have

driven magic change. they invented and developed a technology that most of us use every day, often without even noticing. it's about smartphones, laptop, computers, courtland vacuum cleaners, and electric scooters. it's this the lithium ion battery. this technology is key to us driving around without burning fossil fuels. what does it take to make all these batteries? what do we do with them once they've spent the me, why on earth i'll be playing with lego in this video. let's find out the, the automobile has brought comfort and independence to the lives of billions of people. guzzling, ever growing amounts of fossil fuels has also taken its toll on the climate. we have an energy, thanks to lithium batteries. we might now be entering

a new era mobility because of their high energy density. perfect and electric vehicles for a relatively tiny package. they pack a big punch, realty in mind, but they asked me to enable many parts of the compensation. this is how it's eric melon. he founded a research and consulting firm focusing on lithium ion batteries. favorite thing in mobility, lithium ion battery is i would say they have been the technology really the attention is so big in the text that we get such a scale in the, in the production. and that brings the cost down of the battery. the global fleet of electric vehicles is predicted to grow immensely over the next decade from around 8000000 to 116000000. this means the demand for lithium ion batteries will

also shoot up. and this is where we might run into some problems. of course, it has a cost. we need materials to produce about the re sending any extract of industry has an impact on the environment. lithium, as you probably guessed, pretty central to making a lithium ion battery. about 50 percent of the world's reserve of this alkaline metal can be found here, and the so called lithium triangle across argentina, bolivia, and chilly mining. it involves pumping salt water from underground legs into pools and letting it evaporate. a process that could harm the surrounding soil drain water supplies and contaminate the air. lithium a finite study found we could run into serious trouble by mid century if demand keeps growing like this. and then this quote that also goes into lithium batteries . it's a metal mainly found the democratic republic of congo. it's mining has often been linked to inhumane working conditions and child labor people exposed to it have

suffered from lung disease or heart problems. then you have all the energy required to, to make these batteries. especially production outstanding require a lot of energy. this means c o 2 emissions. how much exactly really depends on the electricity mix of producing country. according to recent figures, making just a small battery for colleagues. this could cost more than $4.00 tons of c o 2. to give you an idea that's like driving a new diesel cardboard in the u for about 33000 kilometers. the good news is that emissions are thinking of battery production becomes more efficient and we shift towards cleaner energy sources. the bad news is that the batteries are losing capacity over time, so there are more and more movies that will also be more and more spent batteries. busy how do we deal with them? reconnected and so we combined and we used in different purposes application.

this is a kong she's worked on a report about this for greenpeace east asia. the battery is that could be doing the vehicles, especially with her for like 5 years that could in reading that com. thank you. have enough? the problem that's right. we can give spend compet, theresa 2nd life, for example, that can be turned into energy storage for windows solar. they could also pass you next camping trip and they still have enough juice left to drive the forklift or boats and discarded the v. batteries are already used for all these things today. we should value to you by reducing using the original functional product. they could be recycling roll at your end to produce more products. let's get out the lego to understand how lithium ion

battery is get recycled. it often involves melting, so essentially heating them until they melt, that this uses lots and lots of energy, creates toxic emissions and lose us some of the materials. and that's why companies are coming up with new ways to recycle. you want to have as much as we can with high value materials that are taking a lot of effort to get out of the ground. we want to use those carefully and as many times as we can, this is who now fell side chief commercial officer lifecycle, a lithium ion battery recycling company from canada. we've, we've basically come up with process designed specifically for this to have high recovery rates of the material. and the 1st stage, what we call or spoke is a mechanical process that breaks down the batteries and separates some of the fundamental materials. very, very simply speaking, this is what happens. the batteries are shredded while being submerged in

a non toxic solution. this is important because it prevents them from catching fire and the worst case blowing up. bad materials, like plastic, copper and elemental a, separated from what the industry called the black mass. this contains the valuable materials, like kobolds, nickel and lithium. the 2nd part of the process is the hub, and this is really a hydro, metallurgy or wet chemistry process to process black mass into battery. great materials. what this means is that different chemicals get added to the black mass, which leads out different elements. these chemicals either make their way into the final product or reuse them the process. so this actually doesn't produce wastewater. you end up with a black mass separated into a single components like lithium, cobalt and nickel. so the end goal is that as we pull them out of the batteries, we're putting them back into new batteries and that hasn't been in achieved yet.

high scale there's, there's elements of it around the world. but we want to help to continue to drive that forward. to keep track exactly how many lithium ion battery is already get recycled mainly because they're often exported. but it is already happening more and more especially in asia, where most of them also produce and as volumes of spend batteries grow, it will make even more financial sense to recycle them. in the i do well that way we hope that there's no burden auto renew materials that we use indefinitely. lithium, ion battery. it's already one of the most stuff in a product that is already reused today and told them able to recycle. we can optimize is better and better and more we have on the market as and more of

those that will be now the karone of ours condemning has shown how dependent europe is on raw materials from other parts of the world locked downs in asia and border closures cause massive disruptions in the global supply chain, forcing manufacturers to slow even hold production. a team of geologist is now working to find raw materials like lithium, rare earth and graphite in northern europe to allow the you to be less dependent on us. in particular, china. the team of t ologist in norway get to work. they've been commissioned by a company called nodes mining to search for critical material right here in northern europe. first they need to take samples. lines is really nice. maybe i can hear because you can see like the thickness of them is pretty good for the or will it be back at the research camp?

the team examines hundreds of draw samples every month with your face, some of the mineralization here. the specific we may pick bands that we're looking at, which is where the higher grade mineralization is. obviously in the navy and phosphorus that we're looking at because there's extra boxes is an essential rule material used in fertilizer. the large deposits of the navy, him, on the other hand, can be used in batteries that store energy within electrical power grid. both elements are considered critical materials, along with a range of others, such as lithium graphite. but where does the term critical val? material come from a question we put to the founder of the mining company critical role. the heroes determine ology, which is basically comes from europe, has been invented by the u,

because the europeans, or dependent on today as so the globe, particularly from supply from china and which is about 6662 percent. china is the number one producer of critical role materials. in the case of red, china provides more than 80 percent of global supply and processes the largest and mines. then there's cobalt, lithium, copper, and nichol. here, china has secured strategic supply commitments from other countries to gain a monopoly. these materials are important for the new energies which are needed to stop overwhelming. so right now, it's even global climate goals depends on chinese roll materials. take lithium mining, like here in california, lithium is used in battery for electric cars to china dominates the market.

electric cars, wind and solar energy, all require a huge amount of critical materials. by 2040 lithium consumption is expected to be $42.00 times what it is now. the use of graphite cobalt and nickel, increase massively. well rate will be consumed at 7 times the current rate. huffman is another critical val. material that's in high demand. i'm going to use an electric vehicles and generators. china recognize the signs of the times early on. now, europe is playing catch up. green a digital technologies currently depend on a number of scarce raw materials. we import, lithium for electric cars, platinum, to produce clean hydrogen. silicon metal for solar panels,

98 percent of the rare earth elements we need come from single supplier china. this is why we have proposed to create a european raw materials alliance. the a g. u has committed to reducing its carbon emissions by 60 percent over the next 2 decades. so a europe wide consortium of companies with headquarters in berlin has been charged with the the issue of all materials you. ready can wrong to alliance has one mandate tests the mandate to protect your own from any kind of supply interaction of raw materials in particular critical raw materials. and in this context, of course, our role is 1st and foremost, understanding the pattern and the mix of raw materials. and here the role is identifying respect to companies that have the willingness and the capability to

invest into raw material topics that can help closing the gap that we were just talking about. it will likely take 10 to 35000000000 euros of investment to mind the necessary role materials. so companies like north mining that are funding themselves are especially welcome to me. if you will find a good project you have to invest, attend, am. it's, you know, it is very intriguing will be doing. it's very exciting because it's not only a mining project such, it has become a geopolitical in the geo strategic thing. but it often takes up to 20 years to build a mind starting from the initial phase of exploration. north mining says it already has enough funding from investors and hopes to stop mining much sooner for the european union. it can't come in and that's all for this edition

of mate. thanks for watching. stay safe. ah ah, the news

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