you can, of course, always be up to date on our website, w dot com or follow up on twitter and instagram assay, w news. if you're not already on the app and a blue cross joining the news . the news. the fight against the corolla virus pandemic. how has the rate of infection in developing? what does the latest research thing information and contact the corona virus because it's 19 special next on dw how does a virus spread? why don't we panic by? and when will all this 3 of the topics that we covered in

a weekly radio. if you would like for information on the krona virus or any other find topics you should really check out more podcast. you can get it wherever you get your podcasts. you can also find those at w dot com slash science . let me oh, keeping schools sync from covered 19 vaccines, one defense. but most kids are still waiting for the jap. in the meantime, testing is critical. children often don't develops of the cases of the corona virus, but they can spread it, putting teachers and families at risk. antigens tests so far made the grade. but is there a better way to stop the spread of the disease? adventures all and welcome to the show. some german schools are now using the lollipop test. sounds like fun. not all pupils is so enthusiastic about it,

but better than a long swab up the noise die down to provide you already in 30 seconds. go and it's been loaded. second children at this element 3 school in cologne. which was the swabs. and then go to a lab where they are tested for cover you method names to make testing easier for young children to knitting. and it's quite good. it's definitely better than or no test test. a shindig elkins park. i find this quite handy because afterwards i feel safe about whether or not i have corona me over the smoke but the taste is disgusting. i always try to think of lollipops after was taste still doesn't leave

my mouth from the caps takes the cotton swabs to the lab, logistical challenge because another 500 schools, i'm bringing their tests here. in the lab, the swamps that tested using what's known as the pooling methods. this means all cotton swabs from one class evaluated together in one test. this is because the lonely test is expensive to save, pays around 50 euros per analysis. each month, if you take 20 swaps are presenting 20 students and divide them by 50 euro's then you get a good price. additionally, we would have to add the cost, the logistics, and the materials use on. but i think what absolutely competitive with the rapid tackle glen face. if the pool is positive, individual retesting is required. generally,

the left doesn't deliver the results until the next morning. but that would still be early enough to break a potential chain of infection set and they click sod. that's what you need from us. we are multiplying the genetic material of this virus by effect of 30 trillion dollars. this means that you can recognize the virus activity and it is very low fee and not only when someone is highly infectious and already spreading that virus load among animals mentioned sometimes here at the military school, several infections have been detected and in the states using the lolly test, although covet cases are currently declining in germany. all the kids will continue using the test, at least until the summer holidays. and all life is head of the tuberculosis program. it finds the foundation for innovative new diagnostics, a global alliance for the sector. in some places in the world,

kids are being tested before, all adults are fully immunized, but only in some, in the meantime, tests and alternatives in preventing the spread of cobra. would you say? definitely testing is really one of the most powerful tools we have to control the status because we can use to test to diagnose new variance and it protects those who are not vaccinated. and you know, to control outbreaks, you need to test to trace. and so i think and as long as the kids are not protected by the back scenes, we need these accurate affordable child friendly testing strategies. and we saw some more effective or efficient way of doing it there. in cheap ways is testing children, though any more challenging than testing adults. definitely the challenge is i really many as one of the kids said today the year the natal swaps they are very unpleasant and it's often not easy to be with the kids to or to get tested. so if

the child is uncomfortable with tracy and runs around and then the sample quality might be below and then the test is reliable. so there's a lot of testing approaches really inefficient way to get a lot of kids to the same time. so, so it makes more sense than, than the usual nasal and throat swabs. are there other any other alternatives in development? well, many different ways to to test and we are constantly looking for, for less invasive methods like the nasal swaps not than the ones that go further in . but we also looking at new innovations and through funding from the german government, and we looking into work, for instance, face masks where we capture the virus in the mosque. all the groups are looking at attributions, halogens, where you, where you coffins, or your smart phone, and then you have an interpretation. you can use smart watches to monitor

temperature. so that's a lot of things in the pipeline. so i work a lot on testing for children in regular basis. and one of the challenges we have here is that rely on the students about the stuff you caught up from the long and it's really difficult for children. so here we actually have to sometimes put a tube into the nose and into the stomach and it stays there for 3 days. then you wash the stomach for for the bag and get the bacteria. so we've used stool or the proof the child as intended to sample and it works quite well. so there's some procedures have different challenges and children are always the hardest group and we need really yeah, you recent research and development to make this happen. but i'm sure a lot of people, including kids, would be quite enthusiastic about the multitasking mask can. can you tell us more about that, how effective that would be? well, it's early days and there's a lot of research being done at this university of less than you can by other

groups. and it's only being explored in humans. sorry. and in the moment. yeah. so we think are covered, we are starting to see the best new results coming up also for, for tv. so it's an opportunity to potentially test for multiple diseases using this approach. and you know, once we out of code, it might be useful for us virus or through that kind of thing. but more than whether or not we're talking about little big human beings. the thing about rapid tests is that they're quite likely to deliver those false positives. we've so often spoken about on this. so is there any way around that? well, you know, they are, we are looking at trying to find simpler and affordable tests and it's very important to, to always have evaluations that compare different tests against each other. so

you're asked to choose the best kind of test in each class, working here with, with apartments across the world to, to make these independent evaluations. for instance, the university clinic in heidelberg and shoving to berlin and you know, some have stuff better than others. and, well, we basically need to, to try new approaches. and yeah, for me, the lollipop approach really seems to be a great invention with for the situation right. now in germany with, with a relatively low incidence, it's the right thing or the whole of their head of the tuberculosis program. it finds the foundation for innovative, new diagnostics with some innovations and testing and the importance of testing for children. thank you very much. thank you. you'll turn now his derek williams with your question on vaccines and variance fall the

current vaccines cruising selected variance to search. oh, this is another of those internet rumors that gain some traction in the last few weeks because somehow it sounds like it might be kind of plausible, but it actually isn't to explain why i have to go over some of the basics. again, all viruses evolve randomly over time as they replicate. and the minuscule number of those mutations will prove advantageous. let's say that one of them makes a mutant, a lot more transmissible. and humans, while are a potentially dangerous new variance. over time, that variance offspring could start to supplant earlier versions of the virus, simply because the variance spreads to more unprotected people in

a population within a short period of time because it's more transmissible. so when you start to look for that very specifically in that population, you see increasing numbers of people getting a search. but that's an effect that can be traced back to the variance ability to spread faster, and people with no immunity, not something that's caused by or driven by vaccines. what vaccines do is turn unprotected people into protected people with immune systems that are quickly able to shut down any subsequent infections with source code to weather. that infection would have been with a fast spreading berry and or, or a slower spreading one. in other words, they keep us from turning into, with factories where the pathogen can replicate a lot and the less the virus replicates,

the fewer chances it has to mutate. so in the long run, vaccines will actually help prevent other potentially dangerous new variance from arising by slowing and stopping the spread of, sorry, covey to, and drastically reducing the number of times that it's able to make copies of itself. mm. finally, we asked children age between 6 and 15 in dozens of countries to take part in a project, recording their impressions of the crisis. we leave you with their drawings, that not only convey the sadness and loneliness, but also the admiration they have for doctors and nurses. i

it's how it was digitization, it's a new magic word. now, thanks to high pac museums can open virtually to everyone everywhere. and look into the museum of the future tomorrow today on d, w. and food. a winning combination

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know to make up. the global 3000 theories starts june 21st on d, w. the parents. placing around on the international space station looks like a lot of fun, but the life of an astronaut is actually very strenuous and can take quite a toll on the body. with it for many, it's a dream job. italian estron or samantha christopher, he tells us why the welcome to tomorrow. today's the science show on d. w. i used physically

fit. can you run once and cruel? was the best of them? do you have a valid driver's license and work well in the team? even in stressful conditions, would you undergo underwater training and take a parabolic flight? great. if you're also under the age of 50, between one me to 50 and one meter 90 toll and have excellent hearing eyesight, you could be in the running to become an astronaut. with the european space agency or isa is wrapping up its latest recruitment drive and hope to see many women among the applicants. the isa only sent to female esther north to b. i s s. today. one of them is samantha christopher it with

it was a dream come true. arising literally in a new world, ships the house, the accounts of the capture into the space station. when my slight flipping out, if your mom's mom comes in that you come into this new world have been dismissed. i had the feeling as i was coming into the space station, a whole new way to live. no way of moving around that everything we learned, some house and the noise and dance. ah, the johnson space center in houston, texas has helped to write space history. the . this is one over so mission to the moon which can find from the era is still

considered the hey day of space travel the samantha christopher ready spent 3 months preparing for her 2nd mission to the international space station on the launch is scheduled for next spring. part of the training and also knowing how to respond and then imagine for example, if a fire breaks out on board. so what else makes a good astronaut? the best you don't have to be a top scientist or the best athlete ever. that's not important. when you do need some technical and scientific knowledge about so basic prerequisite, you also need to be inquisitive and adventurous and have

a desire to learn things. and then the work covers the broad spectrum, but you also have to one and enjoy it. miss samantha, christopher a t is a mechanical engineer and fighter pilots. in 2009, the european space agency selected for more than 8400 applicants in november 2014 cheaper gum her 1st commission. she spent $200.00 days at the international space station. at 1st, it took her a while to get used to the new environment. i mean it's, it's a bit like knowing a house because you visited a model of it and model house is not to be rep because of the i ss,

but we train, i need to pay to the band minimum in this. and this will be our bill, everything is clean and nothing is lying around. but when you really live in a house, everything is lying around. when you open the closed it only kinds of things that lots of clothing and other things. it's a place that's really lived in the movement showing you also have to learn how to move around carefully. and otherwise everything flies all over the place. you also have to get to know your surroundings about them. and she says, life was 0, gravity was a great experience. everything felt so light and effortless, even if some everyday task, more cumbersome and tedious than on a tension can develop quickly and a small team when you're living in such a confined space. michigan having

a sense of humor is key. you really can't overestimated because it really is the case that in such a confined space, there are going to be tensions at times. more folks over the feel that humor can confuse them straight away. i'm fine with the bad nice and i'm going to love me. i think jokes a bit of humor when you can calm things down quickly. who guess that you have participated in mission society supervising scientific experiments. samantha is keen to inspire the next generation of rocket scientists and astronaut children love her stories about life in 0 gravity. she, she has some of her tricks with them to like if he wants to keep your fingernails, you need to do it near the ventilation system that way. nothing flies around. but don't forget to vacuum away your nail clippings afterwards.

the, the thing she finds most challenging is helping colleagues get ready for space walks . it takes a full 6 hours until an astronaut is ready to step outside. you can see for this space suits need to be prepared. so they basically have to be assembled on the astronaut piece by piece. there's a lot to do in the law. and in everything you do because you have to be very careful to not make any mistakes, a single mistake, it can be life threatening to the astronaut who's going our solution. and so that was technically demanding and psychologically stressful. but afterwards, when he'd most of the chat, it was very satisfying me . everyone's favorite spot in the space station if the large window with her head

often hanging upside down and her feet on the ceiling. samantha christopher se would gaze at the earth and wonder, come on, you really have this wide view from one horizon to another. and then out into space and the stars. it's very impressive. oh, it's long enough can give me the sun rises and sunset service calls very moving, but also the northern knights. nighttime views are generally the most beautiful and moving the night on us is also and if a more romantic amendments, sometimes you see this red glimmer, it's the nightclub was the upper atmosphere. and then you notice that the atmosphere is really much higher than the thin blue layer you normally space research also include studying underwater locations here on us in 2019

samantha, the nasa mission of the coast of florida. her team spent 10 days testing new technology for future exploration of the moon and mars. it was an all women crave. does she think women might be better astronauts? another man's don't mention. i think you should give people the chance to just beat themselves with them. and i think just because you're a woman or a man but doesn't mean you have to be a certain way such as more masculine or feminine. i've missed because i'm of the mentally there are many traits that we might consider to be female to male colleague of mine on the space station might have exhibited more of them may be good for me up that i'm and vice versa. i said, i think you have to try to get away from the thinking and speaking in those terms and then can. even in march 2021, samantha krista ferretti fulfilled another dream by being selected for

a 2nd flight to the international space station next year. and this time she'll take command of the mission. so how did the 1st journey innerspace to change? you know me been i think has become much more calm. i fulfilled my lifelong dream. now i think i have more room in my life. other people map size. i have more time for family and friends, so i have more space for other things. you could say no by the experience that will no doubt serve her well on her 2nd space mission, which she's already looking forward to the me. now d, w, social media channels, we asked, what would appeal to you about flying to the i s s me

r l container a way to says what appeals to him is the excitement of the journey and the beautiful view. dr. sorry, would hope to gain more insight into astronomy of the things in space. unexperienced 0 gravity 1st hand. it also like to see black holes, a supernova, other planets and galaxies. a little bit of it would like to look out the window and see if a tenor of us it would be terrifying. she says, but interesting to me are experiencing the way his body reacts to being away from other us that but appealed to diarrhea. not feliciano well, catalina, how to know things, it could benefit others. she would make the trip with people who still believe the flat. and they could see the truth for themselves. that's how your comments me. looking at it from

outer space is inexperience. many astronaut rave about samantha christopher, it is of course, no exception. it's just something fascinating about observing planets from a distance. human beings have always gazed in wonder the night skies. but these days, studying celestial bodies isn't always easy to do. as our next report explains her off to a national park in west and germany. ah, the night sky above germany's eye, full national park. this is where hollow dot and hug and runs and observatory. he'd been watching the night sky getting brighter. if there were absolutely no light pollution and we really had a natural night sky, which no longer exists anywhere in europe, then we'd probably be able to see 3 to 4000 stars from here. but even on

a good night, you can only see between 182500 stars on up. as i told simple enough stana. it's a breathtaking sight, thousands of stars. you can even see the milky way from here. pardon is used to this stunning view? oh, but most people in germany could only dream a thing. so many stars as almost everywhere the night sky is simply too bright. in cologne, you can see maybe 20 or 30 stars, but only the bright ones. if the weather is clear and there are no clouds in the sky, you have to drive about 40 kilometers outside of cologne just to get away from the artificial light glow and be able to see an even halfway decent night sky on him as o light pollution as the phenomenon is known, is a worldwide problem. fewer and fewer places on earth get dark at night, as artificial light brightens the sky. this is not just

a problem for astronomers and amateur stargazers. artificial light causes us to sleep at night and it has a negative impact on our health. ah, introductory insects who rely on the stars for their sense of direction. right? sources of artificial light can have deadly consequences. light pollution is one of the key contributors to insect a decline. bird can lose their sense of direction due to light pollution as well. they get lost or crashed into brightly lit buildings. barton hogan that completely eliminated artificial light, especially at nighttime, is out of the question. but he isn't willing to sit idly by so he drives to the city each night on the lookout for unnatural light and opportunities for improvement. with the aid of a special camera,

he measures how does this guy is and more importantly, how bright. it's no surprise that industrial areas are bright and still much of the excess light could be avoided in. a big portion of this area is eliminated by spotlights that rationally on high poles. and they're not covered is that means the light shines in practically all directions and a lot of it goes up to the side where it's not even useful fit. and i get off says i, with the help of the right line, your metal one, it says well as metal covers like could be directed to the spot where it's actually helpful. would you like to? you mentioned that product. making sure that street lights only direct light where it's actually needed is one good way to improve the situation. another important tool in the fight against light pollution, completely avoiding artificial light at night and selected places such as the national park. since 2014, it's been recognized as an official dark sky park,

one of 4 in germany, and a waste of darkness that's garnered the nickname, star park button, and played a key role in these efforts. to unpack a star park is a region that's designated as such for for filling particular criteria, such as the visibility of the milky way. it's unlikely that our cities will ever be as dark as the eye for national park again. but perhaps the light pollution can at least be reduced the power button and will keep fighting. so that in the future, more people will again be able to see the milky ways. incidentally, insects aren't the only ones that are being impacted by light pollution. a recent study shows rodents are no longer as active in searching for food bed stop singing earlier in the morning and marine turtles are not running into the sea of the

hatching, but moving inland and instead affecting their breathing and feeding pattern. but it's not just light that fills the air sufficient. lee in the u. s. had a question about something else. where does just come from? it seems to be everywhere. no matter how thoroughly clean more soon appears. but not only does this create particulate matter that can remain suspended in the air for an extended period of time is often referred to as just airborne particles. measuring between 2.5 and 10 microns in diameter are known as course particles. for comparison, the human hair is between 20 and 80 microns across a particle, smaller than 2.5 microns, are considered to be fine particles because they're so small airborne particles can even make your way into our lungs,

which can affect our health. but how does this dust form in cities the primary sources of dust are anthropogenic, in other words generated by human activity? industrial emissions are the biggest culprit by traffic also generates huge amounts through exhaust fumes and tire abrasion. but more than 80 percent of airborne particles floating in the earth's atmosphere come from nature. deserts and sees contribute heavily to the creation of dust. during sandstorms, these particles can be carried is highest 10 kilometers into the stratosphere and transported over incredibly long distances. as ocean one revamp or age, it releases see salt aerosols, up to $1500.00 tons of them a year. the amount of dust emitted by about 10 corruption can be

enough to interrupt air traffic. the ash released in these geological elements can stay in the atmosphere for as much as 3 years. the tiny particles also reflect sunlight away from the ground. this has a cooling effect on our planet. but light scattering caused by dust high in the atmosphere also enhances the red part of the sun spectrum. which can result in spectacular sunsets. ah, what is read? why do you have a science question? you'd like us to send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we feature it on the show, you'll get a little surprise from us as a thank you. come on to thomas. you can find more fascinating stories from the world as science on that website or on twitter,

the modern museums or anything but dusty displays of objects. researchers at the lens, natural history museum, are using the world 1st 3 d insect scanner to digitize them. most collection. all of the museums 30000000 exhibits ought to be catalogued in digital form. over the next decade. digitalization is propelling museums into the 21st century. it's also being used to logical fines and object savant. trading shine palace is home to a 500 year old salt cellar made of ivory today it's being removed from the cabinet to create a 3 dimensional twin. it's one of more than a 1000000 objects at the palace come museum in the german city of gotten the huge number of treasures is being digitally catalogued as part of a massive project. kona disclaimer doesn't. the corona virus is speeding up the

project immensely off in this place. and there are no more questions about why we are doing this project or whether it's necessary to say, or whether it has to be so large and so well funded. in the digitalization process gets underway. in 20 minutes, 9 cameras capture every tiny detail of the salt container. the cameras, the position down 3 levels. because the salt salary is placed on a table that rotates, it can be photographed from all sides. different camera types record, different details. in darkened conditions project has been structured light onto the object, allowing the out to cameras to capture its geometric shape. when the light is on the middle cameras then photograph the surface of the object. this combination of 2 imaging processes, if unique,

it's even enables scans the very optically challenging object. we might, we took a photo of a glossy white mice in portland horse without any texture, and it can only be done if you separate the geometric cameras from the texture camera. some of that's what this scanner does, doesn't stevens for fun, but these are kind of this is the finished digitized version software, use the 1500 photos to create precise grid measures at lighting and the digital twin is ready in the next room, a feather head dress, from the ethnic logical collection is about to be digitized me play center stage and perfectly let the head dress is rotated. in 5 minutes, the camera takes 24 photos that turned into a 360 degree video. it's only 2 dimensional,

but the rotation makes it sophisticated. when i know what they should come up like when, when a surface faces the camera and an object is stationary, it's easier to get the lighting right. when it rotates the angles at which the light hits the object and is reflected change for also. so you have to adjust the light in advance to make it work for as many objects as possible at different angles. those processes can digitize at high speeds. the entire collection is to be recorded over the next 7 years. it's the largest museum digitization project in europe, with generous funding from the federal and state governments. ironically, it's taking place that there's relatively unknown museum in the center of germany. treasures have largely been eclipsed by higher profile venue, but that's about to change. the legal talk to him. there were discussions about how to open up such a huge collection and solution. if you think about it,

there are 1200000 object to catalogue and just, and that takes decade and the easiest and most direct way is to just digitize it all from the start to see the items we're accumulated by the man who built the palace ernest, the 1st you gotta beginning in 1650, his descendant gradually added to the collection. most items are in storage, like the head dress that belonged to a chief of the mendota coo tribe in the amazon. each of these objects will be catalogued by hand during the digitization process. the data from freedom shine palace is stored here at the university library, indiana. turning the 3 d scans into augmented reality feels like a bit of a game. but the benefits are manifold. with them for august, the museum signs are too small to read easily and hang too low. that's what we hear

again and again. but here i'll be able to use my mobile device to look at an item and animated. the figure i see then will give me contextual information on my smartphone and that tells a story, we know how the object ended up and go to for example. and we know what makes it of interest to research. and i can't capture that in any checks time text. the lockdown has fewer the desire for virtual access to collections. but google has been working with museums for the past decade to digitize their inventories. the state of museum in frankfort, for example, has found new fans through its online exhibition, the museums, podcasts, the popular to but putting items online also makes them available to other experts, allowing museums around the world to do research together. they can lend out exhibits in the form of a 3 day print, or perhaps even display them as a hologram. a location on the other side of the world.

the. that's all for today. thank you for watching. we'll be back next week with another edition of tomorrow today until then stay healthy and stay with me. the news, the news.

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i ah, was use this is the w news live from berlin, war leaders drop a blueprint to head off another level. pandemic, also on the agenda of the g. 7 summit in the united kingdom, tackling climate change, keeping the lid on russia and china, but jubilation for italy football fan. the 1st victory of euro 2020 as a tournament delayed by the current of virus. finally kicked off a year later. and how came bodie is sending in rats to save lives? the road is tasked with our bows and the deadly landlines leftover from a civil war. that ended 3 deck.