if you can get the korea square was golds paradise on the shoulder, we felt like we all knew each other and all literally, all strauser of egyptian society were represented there. mostly muslims and christians, women and men. the workers and farmers, doctors, and engineers journalists, hold together on korea, but you can see, but then the, the regime reacted as usual dispatching thugs to quell the unrest. mubarek had cracked down to nip protests in the bud before. but this time the demonstrators were fighting back the 2 nations had shown them the way the protests escalated. ah. 7 the government buildings went up in flames. the regime was tottering. the situation seemed to be

spinning into chaos. then the army entered the arena. the military has always been the power broker in egypt. the generals realized early on that new bark could not be saved and took control. initially, the soldiers were ordered not to take action against the protesters. instead, they fraternize with them. but the army leadership had very different plans for the time after the fall of the regime middle east expert daniel gala sees the role of the military as key to the developments that followed the se i wanted to portray themselves the savior of the people,

the small bar cut the step down most of the military power. and ultimately, the military was able to preserve its own status of our lo, giving the impression to the outside world that we are on the side of the population. and as the focal, the mubarek fate was sealed as into nisha, the people brought down a regime that had seemed untouchable initially, the military took charge of an interim government. but the demonstrators were demanding free elections. they dreamed of a democratic future. dreams that were not to materialize. an entirely new force entered the political vacuum. the muslim brotherhood which mubarak had previously kept in check. the islamist organization now saw its chance

to attain political power in egypt. was a person who tried to have a political talk to you before and they have been one of the by that is you don't do that. 2 things prohibited to have a political party to have media out. it just was curious if you try to approach this read zoom so you will be all in gene, haven't actually after mubarak fall, the muslim brotherhood openly pursued its political goal of a state ruled by islamic cor shari'a law. it launched the freedom and justice party hom says, oba was one of its spokesmen. ah, the brotherhood had built up a considerable base and poor urban neighborhoods. and among the rural population where its supporters were conservative, devout and barely educated. during the years of persecution under

mubarak, the muslim brotherhood, but its political ambitions seemingly on hold focusing on charitable work and building up networks. ready the muslim brotherhood was founded in the 1920s as part of the opposition to british colonial rule in egypt. its members now dreamed of a state governed by islamic principles. most of the michelin brothers, there is no real alternatives and taking power. at least if you look at their core ideology, what done only then as i found the house on our banner roads, will they be in a position to implement called will? and islam vickers only then with political power in their hands. and would they be able to transform the state and run political life? so for the most in brotherhood, the mother is really no tentative political power. those young people who had

forced move eric to step down, still dreamed of freedom and democracy. but they could not prevail against the well organized islamist lebanese dutch journalist camp got us, was in egypt in 2011. after the fall of the mo bark i was a b, b. c correspondent, covering the state department. and i traveled with hillary clinton for secretary of state to cairo. and we met with some of the activists of the april 6 movement who had helped bring down hospital borrow. hillary clinton asked them how are you preparing for the elections? and they said, we don't do elections, we don't do politics, we just do revolution. it's

a very idealistic outlook. and one that you can understand if you realize how dirty politics have been in the region for so long, ah, even after the inter military government scheduled elections, the bloody clashes continued. the protesters wanted a genuine revolution. they were becoming more radical. but the ongoing chaos on cairo's streets, scared many people and pushed them into the arms of the islamists. the we didn't use power, we use the boat, people. we use the width of the people. we managed to get the people out of the homes to vote for the president, and he got more than 15 medium person vote. after his election victory in 2012, the muslim brotherhood mohammed morsey bound to be the president for all addictions,

more jobs, more prosperity, more democracy, central demands of the arab spring seemed set to come true. but if anything, the opposite was happening. as the islamists gained influenced, the morsey government pardon, prisoners, including islamist militants. there was a shifting focus towards sherry, a law with women's rights curtailed and public life to become more islam. i'm not sure what milton islamists were calling for holy war. egypt appeared headed toward a theocratic stay. 7 7 in some of the gulf states were watching the rise of the muslim brotherhood with concern, the united arab emirates, or you a, he is

a federation of 7. she stems on the east of the arabian peninsula, me all the rulers in abu dhabi and to buy, or among the richest men in the world. they too had cause to fear for their future . feel how many ruling families in the world base their claim to power either on his land or and then noble ancestry. on the muslim, the muslim brotherhood were in his midst organisation with a certain amount of popular support. and they were the only ones who had really been able to credibly challenge this claim to power. and also had the means to change the political situation. the police had to turn on for the ruling house in abu dhabi. the fight against the muslim brotherhood became a priority not to promote democracy, but because the authoritarian rulers feared being swept away by the brotherhood who

were using islam as a political weapon. the absolute rulers in the gulf used islam as a means to legitimize their regimes. in the emerett spelled particularly threatened because rival cutter had become the main backer of the muslim brotherhood, supported by turkey in egypt and taneesha. the brotherhood was an important political factor at the beginning of the arab spring. it also had a strong presence in libya to dan jordan, morocco and syria. its most determined opponent, alongside the united arab emirates, was saudi arabia had the so it is in saudi arabia and the merits wanted to prevent the realization of cutout interest. this is a life and death conflict over control in the region today is perhaps more

important than the arab israeli conflict. 3 glucose, please. hi lou hobb. this is another legacy of the arab spring. the stance toward the muslim brotherhood still often marks the demarcation line between friend and foe. into neesha, political developments were initially similar to those in egypt. here to the countries burst democratic elections took place after the revolution. here to the muslim brotherhood succeeded and becoming part of the government. here too, there was a threat of radicalization. the political forces were deadlocked. the economy stagnated unemployment rows. more and more young people were trying to emigrate to europe. the new political class seemed as incapable of leading tunisia to a better future as the former regime. some 2 nations even began to wish for the

return of ben ali, ah, rochelle, the no, she has been speaker of tenicia parliament since 2019 and is the leader of the another party which has close ties to the muslim brotherhood. the party holds moderate positions, but critics initially accused canoes of wanting to use democracy for his own agenda . similar to the brotherhood in egypt. ah, no, she returned home in 2011. he had been imprisoned in tunisia in the 19 eighties and spent 2 decades in exile in britain the name of the 2 in this. while in egypt there was a clash between the muslim brotherhood and the officials of the past system. and this ended in a qu, into nicea, we tried to reach a compromise between us, the sides. we and the representatives of the old regime embraced democracy and

elected as president of veneer democrat. the moment that i'm for i subsea canoe, she likes to portray himself and his party as regular conservatives committed to their religious values, but also to democracy. but soon after the revolution from 2011 to 2013. and now that also became a rallying point for islamists. many of the party leaders had spent years in the regimes. prisons along with the muslim brotherhood members. after the revolution and not a leaders looked on as islamists campaign for a shari'a last state. the. 7

calls like this post a threat and not only to tunisia as fledgling democracy from no other arab country would so many young people head off to the so called holy war in libya, syria or iraq to fight for a caliphate. and many tunisians would lose their lives. their illustrator, salim, a rookie fled the civil war in his native algeria. but even in exile in tunisia, there was no getting away from the islamists. he responded through art creating a comic character that made him known throughout the arab world issues. and also the lead on i came to nicea 12 years ago

and i saw a note in his ear before and after the revolution show and right after the revolution with the rise of the islam. i created the figure of your hair aboard, hey, i don't know if it was because i'm from algeria. i had experienced how the rise of these limits, transformed all of society or the mechanisms by which they penetrate the society local too much. so this was a natural reaction to so i created the figure of the little salad to want unions at the danger of his, the, my station with the means of my disposal. she didn't show up but into nisha in particular, the message of the little salad fist did not get through at 1st. some tunisians were still intoxicated by the success of the revolution. others were busy with the everyday struggle for survival. on the

lease of the fears i had in 2011 have come true, shown into nicea after the revolution. people said, oh, it's not the same here. as in algeria, we are different. there will be assassinations or violence here recently. but then there were, there were assassinations of politicians. there was terrorism, there were bombs chose box, which is what i did from the start here in my blog. to portray all these, his limits, vine and people who did that more. brooke, conventional jewelry in 2013 to left when politicians were killed in attacks by islamists, many tunisians held russia canoe shape politically responsible and demanded that his and not a party leave the government. on the

and in a row, we strongly condemned all this violence. he's attacked and when we were in the coalition government in 20122013, we passed a law to band the cellophane. none of that. and then yeah, little it was the minister of the interior, one of us who made sure that the seller 1st party was banned. definitely. or the us that made it illegal. and that was the only way to prohibit and police these movements said if you mean that was my, haven't been taught them, the police can no, she continued to emphasize his parties commitment to democracy despite its proximity to the muslim brotherhood. but as in 2011, it was women who were defending the gains of the revolution against the brotherhood

in the face of political violence, one special feature of to nature was revealed. a strong civil society that would not accept terror. we dead boucher maui is the president of the country's employers association and i want to, i want to show we feared for our revolution i have when we were afraid of a setback where it says that our democracy or freedom would evaporate in the dictator ship. we return when an addicted to an alliance was formed. boucher always organisation joined the nation national dialogue, cortez. together with trade unionists, human rights activists and lawyers. they helped pave the way to a new constitution. and nato was among the parties that promised to abide by it. ah, in 2015, the tenicia quartet received the nobel peace prize for its mediation between

secularists and islamists. the in no other country have political opponents been so willing to reach out to each other. this is what saved tunisian democracy particularly issue nor g c could. what is special about us in denisia is that 1st we have a population that is educated was he is a 2nd. we have a civil society that is very involved, a politically alert, civil society, that sense what was that they did. they found chandry of tenicia women who are emancipated, open minded, committed women, those 3 assets, and able to manage things very easily on appeal issues among too many a place up and ah,

among those courageous women was blogger lina been ma haney. in the turmoil following the revolution, she was targeted by extremists and had to fear for her life. ah, for years she was under police protection, but she refused to be intimidated. was referred to montes says projects, you know, i didn't ask for protection. i was forced to have it, and to this day they still haven't lifted the protection. sometimes i get calls because there are new threats against me. they told me to be vigilant. still the case today said just to sure was never considered leaving the country the just think my fight,

they want me to leave, but i don't want to. i will say here, i love my country. i don't want to read the fastest in all despite setbacks. tunisia managed to consolidate what had been gained from the revolution. thanks in part to abroad alliance within society. knew in egypt, the situation was bleaker. me in 2013 a year after mohammed more sees election victory. people took to the streets against the newly elected president. and his muslim brotherhood, the democratic freedoms. one at great cost from the fight against mo, barrak or once again endanger with jerry a law soon to be introduced. women in particular feared for their rights.

tensions on the streets continued to rise. supporters and opponents of the muslim brotherhood clashed on a daily basis in the soft one as it was among the demonstrators when on top of one of the greatest repeatedly of the muslim brotherhood was that they tried to abolish everything that didn't suit them. the best example was mostly attempts to change the constitution. so that the president's decisions, i, his would not be subject to challenge the development that was a disaster that was against the will of the people that was against the pro democracy movement. to get to you in the summer of 2013 hundreds of thousands again descended on terrier square this

time to force morrissey's resignation. he had been in office for just one year. army helicopters flew over the square signaling support for more seas opponents. as with move barracks, overthrow, the military was showing who really holds power in egypt. the army men in the government was defense minister general abdel fattano cc. once the military was sure it had large segments of the people on its side of ccs states to coo and had morsey and other members of the government imprisoned. the muslim brotherhood, the brief rule was over. but was it their final defeat? it was like listening, had experienced decades of oppression that torture repression shot and still managed to organize and sustain itself on the ground. and that made them ideologically, extremely well steeled in that country. on the teasley empress,

a short term political develop that makes them dangerous and not only for authoritarian regime also, especially for thorough terry and regimes. muslim brotherhood supporters revolted against the military coup. the new regime showed no mercy in its response. thousands were shot or jailed. many were sentenced to death. in summary trials, the muslim brotherhood paid a heavy toll. the, with that political rival eliminated. the generals made all cc head of government. it was the end of the arab spring in egypt. and exodus began thousands who were politically active left the country muslim brotherhood members. as well as opposition figures. many fled to stumble. it had

become a hub for the dispersed dissidence of the arab spring. turkey especially welcomed islamists like hums sober in egypt. and he had been the spokesman for the muslim brotherhood political arm and topped the cc regimes most wanted lists. once in exile, he bolster the parties resistance credentials. we start actually and we go to the if i'm to free 3 hour when the company says something, no one, it happened during the era for socialism and it hadn't during the type of dictatorship and this will happen. and i'm sure that we will succeed in show on the hopes of so, but it came to present himself as a victim saying the egyptian government confiscated his property and put his

brother in jail from a television studio. in istanbul, he promotes the muslim brotherhood caused every week. however, the turkish government recently asked him and other muslim brotherhood members to reduce their media activities. turkey wants to improve its relations with egypt and the gulf states. xo bell has spared comparatively well in exile. a situation others can only dream of like some one else. i ed in 2017. he fled to berlin. the cc regime makes no distinction between political opponents. at persecutes the muslim brotherhood just as it does democratic opposition, figures on the shoulder in 2015. i was walking down the street. i had a confused with me with a sticker saying no trials of civilians and military chords commit and other commit

alaska any more than coming up, donna. yeah, that's when i was stopped and arrested faith. i was accused of belonging to a terrorist organization where to her about dish hugs. i wasn't detained for very long, but i was put in a cell meant for 7 prisoners. and they were 50 of us when they can get for the matter. and so we all had to sleep on one side, so we could at least all lie on the flume. danny massey mulligan, been some one else. i had used to work as a journalist, but today he has to support himself with odd jobs. he dreams of returning to egypt and of a new egyptian revolution. no more. c c, who are taught to shock. cc is my personal enemy. because of my exile in germany monthly because of my last years. because of my mother who died in egypt and to whom i could not say good bye and pay my last respects in me. eliminate it one way

of off one of the shuttle for the sake of every exile. for the sake of my friends who were in prison and have lost their best years, their blameless lee, and died because of poor medical care will be moved to school and our relationship with l. c. c is about blood when you see them in egypt, the revolution of the arab spring has failed to day. the country is in a state of deathly. com. anyone suspected by the security services is unsafe? the situation is worse than in mo barracks time. only scattered graffiti still bear witness to the years when people dreamed of a different egypt. terrier square where the uprising began. here is a lifeless, concrete desert with a few token flower beds. little is left to remind people of the spirit of 2011 and the arab spring. the

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