voted in favor of a new coalition government as the prime minister benjamin netanyahu, after a record of 12 years and office. he's been replaced by enough tiny ben. it's a right wing jewish nationalist who will preside over an unlikely coalition of 8 different parties. you're watching the deal being used live from berlin up next is a documentary titled are about in 10 years of the arab spring. and if you want to stay up to date on all the latest news visit our website, dw dot com, i'm obviously in the rest of the team here, but in the interest in the global economy, our portfolio w business beyond. here's a closer look at the project. our mission. to analyze the fight for market dominance. with the w business beyond

the arab spring uprisings market turning point in the history of the arab world. the people risked their lives for freedom. the regimes collapsed while foreign powers also entered the arena. the militia groups spread fear and terror. after years of destruction and displacement, where does the arab world stand today? is there a new spring on the horizon? what do people now dream of the,

the the war in syria is part of the legacy of the arab spring. many in the west at once seen president bashar, all thought as a relatively liberal progressive figure. but he still showed his true colors after the regimes into naesha and egypt were toppled the people of syria dare to take to the streets in march 2011, to demand freedom, dignity, and economic reforms started punishing the towns that are rebelling. so depriving them of all infrastructure or services, government services, let's say

a waste management education and then the siege. so a thought was besieging the towns that were rebelling one by one. and so when i said the teaching, it means there's no water, there's no electricity, there's no food there is nobody coming in or going up wherever protests flared up, the regime isolated, those who took part. this is holmes, one of the focal points of the uprising. the garbage wasn't picked up for weeks and the water supply was shut off. there was a growing danger of infectious disease outbreaks, hunger and holmes was widespread in 2011. last thought had decided that if the residence in one area took to the streets, he would punish that entire neighbourhood. my medical lou, we just sat in some days, we have none regime,

our children and our brothers and sisters whose government is doing the syrians who lived in exile were deeply concerned about their compatriots suffering at the time. sima bedra bo was working in the united arab emirates. she created a network that brought together opposition activists from across the region. the regime, she says, was it war with its own people? it is not the civil war because a civil war assumes that there are multiple parties fighting one another in the case of syria, if there regime fighting the people. so it is not a civil war. it's called the terrorism of the state against its own people. as the government crackdown intensified, some opposition supporters took up arms. at the same time, they were now widespread desertion and assad armed forces. mostly among members of the sunni branch of this one. they expressed solidarity with the protesters and

refused to shoot at their own people. the with a growing number of syrians believing that i thought had gone too far, popular support for his regime was falling fast. here in holmes, a military officer who had deserted, explains to volunteer militiamen how to protect themselves against snipers guns. and also the government gave us orders that violated our oath as soldiers we had sworn to protect civilians. when i saw what was going on, i deserted on june. second, 2011 is a death in dash. as the government campaign continued, they were fewer demonstrations and more st battle. as i thought chose brute force

the large parts of syria soon bore the scars of a war zone. tens of thousands of people fled to neighboring countries like lebanon and turkey, from their many would make their way to europe. 10 years after the start of the resolution, half of this year in population, $12000000.00 people, half of them is internally displaced, and the other half is turned into refugees, which is considered by the united nations, the biggest humanitarian catastrophe in the 21st century assad. he's responsible for all of this, just until the day he doesn't acknowledge the existence of an opposition passed on. opponents failed to develop a common strategy. some of them wanted democratic reforms,

others favored moderate islamist policies. this lack of unity created a power vacuum that allowed a radical g hottest group to occupy large parts of syria. the self proclaimed islamic state attracted tens of thousands of volunteers from across the arab world and also from europe and southern russia. by 2014 i yes, control the euphrates river region from aleppo and syria to felicia in iraq and even threatened baghdad. islamic state established its headquarters in rocker with its forces later occupying the iraqi cities of mosul and to crete. it then continue to expand throughout the region, reaching the height of its territorial control in 2015

islamic states. conquests in iraq and syria caused concern in turkey, which borders both countries. refugees were pouring in. while would be jihadists were using a stumble as a transit point to enter the region. turkey saw an opportunity to expand its influence in the region. turkish president, friendship tie of air to one is and was closely associated with the conservative muslim brotherhood movement which was gaining influence in several countries in the middle east and north africa air to one side. to take advantage of this situation and make turkey the dominant regional power, it had been in the 19th century. so let your key of a function need on. first, on turkey, nato member state supported the syrian revolution against. on the one hand,

a lot of western aid for the syrian rebels came through turkey. but on the other, a number of young europeans were crossing from turkey into syria to become jihadists on them. don't monsieur logan, as you don't go into one sort to use this chaotic situation to develop a policy with both pan islamist and ultra nationalist. he's had a while by nissan, east climate soonest. officially air. the one was opposed to the growing power of islamic state. but in syria, yes, forces were battling kurdish troops, which suited erewhon seeing the kurds as a serious threat. his strategy was one of my enemies enemy is my friend. to say this was the relationship between turkey and his stomach state was a tactical one. then i don't believe that one intention he wanted to help us, but he saw this as a cost benefit situation as why. and of course,

if turkey joined the fight against the stomach state him, it could benefit the kurtz advisor then compare the ones top foreign policy priority is to prevent the kurtz from achieving more political or political it took the kurdish forces fared well in their battle against islamic state, thanks also to support from france and the us in the shape of arms deliveries and air strikes in syria and iraq. the syrian kurds have close ties with the kurdistan workers party or p k. k. considered by many a terrorist organizations. but for the us, the fight against islamic state now took priority. in 2014, i s still held large parts of northern syria, but courtesy troops drove out its forces, ended the siege of co bonnie and in 2016 declared

a better ration in areas that they controlled. turkey was alarmed by the success of the kurdish militias. former prime minister augment of a total says the us was wrong to support syrian kurdish groups, such as the people's protection units. the y p g u. s. for the susan or the prison thought that b k, k affiliated groups like p y, d, y, p g, could be partners. and this distill turkey, these disturbing women i was prime minister was. this is not the way we should. we should work as to a lice case that there is still condition not according to 30, according to us, according to your pain concert says the kurds, western allies were impressed with the success of the militias, which also had female fighters in their ranks. but for turkey, they represented

a growing danger my boat see just denali will for the 1st time, there was a real possibility of the kurdish, autonomous region being established, or even a kurdish state can. but we're on this represented a real danger for the circuit interest. and that for her, the one has one overriding priority, and he's in time, middle east policy, he's of fargo, and preventing the creation occurred states on turkey's border under. and so that so if i hadn't done air to once, worst fear was that ethnic kurds in syria and southern turkey could join forces on repeated occasions. he threatened to send troops into northern syria. that's what he, i mean that he rode, this one goes more america after us forces wound down their presence in the region . turkish units moved into northern syria city. turkey was no longer content to simply support the islamists that have on 271 now developed to policy that was

decidedly nationalist and anti could is only see a decrease in the zone on phone. so he tried to create a buffer zone that extended several dozen kilometers into syria. you could do the aim was to prevent any co operation between kurdish forces on either side of the border. and the kurds in syria will fighting. i n a dash in october 2019. curtis leaders negotiated a deal with president bashar assad. syrian troops would deploy along the border to prevent a turkish military offensive. the deal was brokered by russia. i thought did not want to lose any more territory. this move plus the addition of russian air strikes against opposition, militias helped boost past thoughts. chances are staying and power the air, the ones efforts to increase turkey. the presence in northern syria were only

a limited success. meanwhile, vladimir putin took advantage of the situation to enhance russia as role as a major player in the region. still in 2019 air, the one was able to set up the buffer zones inside syria, which also served to prevent the various kurdish militias from linking up. mm. as with the arab spring itself, european diplomats did not play much of a role in negotiations aimed at ending the fighting and syria. they were more effective and trying to end the 2nd civil war that broke out in libya in 2014. in august 2020 german foreign minister, hypo mos traveled to libya in an effort to keep the conflict from spiraling out of control. why? and alice, torn until you've been inside to zullie and we want to do everything we can to

prevent libya from becoming a 2nd. syria on russia and turkey are involved, but no one else lubin. we don't want to see libya divided between turkey and russia . but to prevent that, we have to play a larger role and then go and 7 the go to the 1st libyan civil war began in february 2011 in the wake of arab spring protests and other countries as elsewhere. the uprising against more more aga duffy, and the ensuing conflict divided and devastated the country. gadhafi had been courted by western leaders, including then french president nicholas are cozy because of libya's oil reserves, the largest in africa. the west seemed content to ignore the dictators dismal record on human rights. as the street protests against his

regime continued armed militia soon got involved. duffy's troops moved east and recaptured several cities that had been seized by rebels. unlike in syria, the un security council authorized member states to use all necessary measures to protect libyan civilians. this included nato air strikes me foreign intervention, turn the tide of the war against gadhafi. he was now isolated internationally. gadhafi was captured and executed by opposition forces in october 2011 opposition forces, backed by military support from nato. now ruled the country. the military devion via relative if it's in the military operation against libya, relatively efficient europeans and especially the french had launched this

operation, suffered few casually the spot under an under syria, whole range of my teaching players were involved with me. felix, i was not the case in libya and in levy, and a lot of world leaders seemed glad to be rid of the daphne before cut off, it goes to show me the us and european military intervention destroyed good duffy's regime, which paved the way for the success of the popular uprising, but the allies played no role in the political transition that followed from putting this lead to a disaster in which libya disintegrated into several warring factions. these in turn prompted turkey, russia and others to intervene. ah, in the political turmoil that followed the fall of gadhafi rebels led by former field marshal khalifa, half tar challenge to the elected parliament to the general national congress. the opposition forces were backed by a coalition that included egypt,

the united arab emirates, and russia. but augment double tolo in 2014 turkeys foreign minister and then prime minister tried to move libya into his country's sphere of influence even today, although no longer part of the air to one regime. he says, this would be in the best interest of both countries. nobody can isolate 30 in the mediterranean voters. government can tolerate these livia as eastern mediterranean issue may libya as a, as an issue of national interest for search. but the presence of turkey turkish is to help the libyan intention. good and clear. nice. go by 2019. the libyan interim government that had been formed in 2015 was under attack by opposition. forces led by leaf half tar turkey. dispatched mercenaries to support

the government, while russia backed the other side. mm . western libya including the capital. tripoli is controlled by the internationally recognized government. the eastern part of the country is occupied by half tars rebels. the conflict has become an international proxy war with turkey and cutter supporting the government. while russia, egypt and the united arab emirates are backing, the rebels escaped stockton. the debt took high dates such as tacky, russia and the american much less interested in pay. and they are expanding that b as of influence. it's mostly about geo politics. this is a click of warden. this is a proxy war and it has to be contained in the 1st and because at some point,

the international players may contract each other directly by time diesel often lease dates. if anything want to expand the c as the influence, and unlike europe, they wouldn't have to deal with the consequences. and these are the consequences causing european diplomats headed by berlin are now working to bring peace to libya. both sides in the conflict considered the germans, unlike france or italy to be impartial negotiators, german lead mediation did at least lead to a cease fire. in october 2020, the airport tripoli, which had seen clashes between rebels and government troops, soon reopened for a limited number of flights. but the peace talks have been complicated enough by a desire and less more not rational land capacity. despite the arms embargo weapons are still being brought into the country when both sides have violated,

the embargo and both sides are bringing in foreign fighters inside. ah, the hopes that a peace deal will help reduce the number of refugees trying to get to europe from libya. the 1st stop for many refugees is the italian island of lumber. just 300 kilometers north of libby as coast. ah, many of the refugees are intercepted by the libyan coast guard and brought back as part of an e. u funded system that has been criticized by human rights organizations and cancel. but because once the mines in the migration is a very sensitive topic across europe, wish, loopy, and so we want to see libya develop functional state structures that can deal with the situation of a stable libya is in the use

interests. libby as interim government hopes that the europeans will help extend its authority across the entire country. but turkey and russia likewise continue to push their foreign policy agendas in the region, adding another layer of complexity to the piece process. the ultimately libby as fate is in the hands of regimes in cairo, is done bull, moscow, and abu dhabi, the german government is trying to keep both sides and the conflict from insisting on a military solution that was white and submissive. nice as it has to expand its engagement because the other side has done the same and that makes it extremely difficult to achieve a political solution. because i'm still believe that a military solution is possible. i don't want it,

we can end the spiral of violence only with the participation of both sides and their foreign supporters. germany's diplomatic efforts are also complicated by contradictory aspects of the use, middle east policy. the claims to support freedom and democracy, but has often fact leaders who primarily serve europe's interests a case in point, the united arab emirates where human rights issues seem to become secondary european reality or a betrayal of european values. i think that the biggest mistake that the west always makes this obsessive quest for stability, you know, supports for leaders like small barrak and egypt or even in directly for aside and serial or others in the region has only brought long term endemic

stomach problems to the region, which end up blowing up in everyone's face. and it's unfortunately a vicious cycle because the reaction than in europe is all. we must stabilize because migrants, refugees, poverty at our doors. so let's push the border further out into the, into the mediterranean, into north africa, to make sure this problem doesn't come to us. in lebanon, longstanding economic and political problems may yet produced a popular movement that resembles the original era spring. for years, they route, also a regional financial hub, seemed in a waste of tranquillity. as a war raged in neighboring syria. wealthy syrians and gulf arabs poured their money into local real estate and other reasonably safe investments. a stable lebanon seemed to be in everyone's best interests, not least with the mascot just being

a 2 hour drive away from a route. but that stability and fear of change have also led to gridlock in the country's political system. by tradition, lebanon's prime minister is always a sunni muslim, on her very served in this post from 2016 to 2020. the countries president is always the maronite christian, while the parliament speaker is a shia muslim, the system is based on lebanon's 3 largest religious factions. it may seem equitable on the surface, but the setup has also led to nepotism and corruption. and lebanon's government has proven unable to deal with the countries severe economic problems. a route born journalist kim got us, says the people have had enough. and now demand real performs. every country in the region is fighting its own internal battles. it has its own internal dynamics,

but it's also all interconnected as part of a larger system. the arab uprisings happened, and lebanon was not part of that wave, initially, but it rejoined it more recently in 2019, with the protests that took place in october and continued throughout 2020. in the summer of 2019 thousands gathered in bay route for protests that continued for several weeks. the beginning of a new arab spring movement, the uprisings and the protest 11 on our part of the bigger picture there, part of the uprising in general against injustice against corruption against oppression. but then you have the local dynamics that are specific to lab on because you don't have sha militias in egypt. you don't have internet just as in the original arab spring countries. the situation in lebanon is complicated by the

presence of a militant religious organization has been law, a sheer political group that also has a powerful security apparatus. in the 2019 demonstrations organized troublemakers often clashed with peaceful protesters. in this case, they broke through a police cordon and battled security forces. such disruptions are common during political protests in lebanon. his ball law itself has said that the demonstrations threatened the stability of the lebanese government while denying any involvement in the counter protest violent the u. s, germany and several other countries have designated his belong as a terrorist organization. but it is definitely a force to be reckoned with in lebanon. its political wing is represented in lebanon's cabinet and the current parliament, while its militias have helped to maintain us regime across the border in syria,

has below also has close ties to iran and is considered by many to be toronto proxy in the region. so no mati jimmy as well. i presented themselves as those who fought for the rights of the oppressed for the poor for the occupied, et cetera. but over time, as they entered politics, politics corrupts even resistance movements, which is how they were described by many people and seen by many people in, in, in lebanon. and they've become part of the corrupt establishment. the corruption is widely believed to have played a part in a massive chemical explosion that rocked a root in august 2020. more than 200 people were killed and 7 and

a half 1000. others were injured. the area around the ports of bay route where the blast took place was raised to the ground. almost 3000 tons of ammonium nitrate have been stored in a warehouse without proper safety measures and was likely triggered by welding work . critics said, port officials should have moved the material to a different location but didn't, because of corruption and for management. the nonprofit organization stepped in immediately to help the victims. these groups included in n g o called development, accessible for all which provides aid for poor families throughout lebanon office bounder is paula jacobi on. here she shows the extent of the damage caused by the blast jago beyond resigned her seat in parliament shortly after the

explosion in protest against corruption and mismanagement and lebanon's government . the ticking ball that was planted in beirut under our nose, this, the government, the president, they all knew about mon, you mean the roots and they didn't nothing. and we just did them for so long with just the christian reader that he was christian and definitively with cindy and she added, no, they're not, they have nothing to do with god. there's a bunch of devils trying to rule a country of food, people of divided people i. while an investigation into the disaster was launched, there has been political interference and a lack of accountability on all sides for explosive material having been stored in

the port. paula, yoko, beyond hope that the people of lebanon will demand reforms aimed at breaking the sectarian strangle hold. that these groups have on lebanon's political system. she says people are tired of having their lives controlled by what she calls the lebanese mafia. i wish to have a country where my son can go to school and come by safety. i wish for a country where we can breeze clean air, have clean water, have an economy, have a future where everyone is free to think what ever they want everyone to speak to, to dress up the way they want. and i mean, we still fighting for our basic needs. the protests in lebanon continue, but most people have little hope that things will change. some have already emigrated here, as in many other countries,

the arab spring failed to bring about the reforms that people demanded as in lebanon, demands for arab spring style reforms came late to iraq. life here, over the past 2 decades, has been chaotic. the international intervention to topple saddam hussein, the rise and fall of islamic state sector area and violence between she is in sunni's and an economy in ruins. but for all the our ruby, the problem is not primarily about sectarianism. he blames a powerful and corrupt elite for the current political and economic situation in iraq and sure in law and sure, we've seen injustice theft and the conscious squandering of public funds. and it's being done by the same people again and again. this is a huge revolution that can change things today,

tomorrow or in the future. in october 2019 thousands of iraqis demonstrated in baghdad. terrier square limited. when i got there, i was surprised at the size of the crowd and how diverse it was. it's enough, they were demanding one basic human right dignity of the dignity that iraqi people deserve cut on with that dignity was stolen from us and we wanted back how much lou sonia did the demonstrations. he witnessed signal the start of an arab spring style movement. the demands of the protesters in 2019 were certainly the same as they had been in other countries, dignity and anger, over corrupt politicians, oppressions, and a lack of prospects for the young generation. as seen previously from tunis and ban gauzy to cairo and damascus,

the that anger prompted the people of baghdad and several other iraqi cities to take to the streets. when the protests intensified, security forces fired tear gas rubber, bullets, and even live ammunition. the demonstrators had a new found sense of unity, regardless of religious affiliation. upon us, being a blade can be some people meant for diseased without food. we help to volunteers bring food to the people who are gathered at the time. we are square bob enough and we didn't know whether those people were sunni or she didn't care. no one paid any attention to what religion you belong to. let me know, call me with kill him. applies here in november 2019 iraq's prime minister step down. after the country's top shia cleric condemned the government violence against

demonstrators. sporadic protests continue as a rock remains a fragmented and fragile state. what is the legacy of the arab spring? civil wars have arranged for years and libya, syria and yemen, which have escalated into international conflicts. in egypt, the military remains and power led by president and a former army general abdel fata c c. the royal families and saudi arabia, lorraine and kuwait, have managed to preserve the status quo their counterparts and morocco, jordan, and oman responded to popular protests by adopting limited reforms in algeria, lebanon, and iraq. there have been occasional demonstrations, but the political establishment remains and power mass protests and so done in

2019 prompted the resignation of the country's president. only tunisia has enjoyed peaceful transitions, a political power based on a new constitution. ah, despite tenacious success at reform, the country faces enormous economic problems including high youth unemployment. many young people leave for europe or the gulf states to find jobs. but to nisha democratic system is working. a new president was elected in 2019 among those casting of vote at that time was lena ban mckennie, a well known activist author and blogger, who spoke out to demand social and economic reforms. in a 2019 interview, she told us that there is more to democracy than free elections. well,

let you use this a copious. i would like to see the people of denisia achieve all the goals that we had after the revolution, dignity and prosperity. so important. so they're like, he's the call now, and we also have to work our way out of the economic and social crises that we now need to. ah, most tunisians are proud of their new democratic system. hardly anyone wants to see a return to the dick tutorial. policies of president ban ali, who was ousted in 2011. the and many women have followed in the footsteps of lena ben, many who died in 2020, at the age of 36 after a long illness. ah, poverty is widespread in tunisia, rural regions. few people have the money to buy farmland from the big landowners or

the government. so many work as day laborers. but there has been some progress. for example, in the town of gym, nor in central tunisia, in 2011 local residents occupied in nearby date plantation. since then, they've continued to work the land, they use the profits to hire more workers and to invest in infrastructure projects . but their claim to the land has not yet been officially recognized by the courts . omar honda was among those who took over the plantation. it was the 1st work that he'd been able to find in years if not the thought of when the revolution began, this was the only place around here where we could find jobs. we worked for the landlord. but then we reclaim the land that rightfully belonged to us about

the gym and some local young people joined us and we kicked out the landlord. well, i'm going to look at them. and luckily we were able to do it peacefully with 100 digital. and i just under 40 percent of tenicia population are under the age of $25.00. about one 3rd of young people attend college. but youth unemployment is high at around 36 percent. the jobless rate for women is even higher. but in the coastal town of book, laura, one woman has made a name for herself, they'll, they'll take the mayor and you can it all started when i was walking home from the university one day when passed through the market fit, i know you get up to it, i noticed that there were only men there, not

a single woman and income in what i said to myself. as soon as i'm done with my studies, i'll try to fix the situation with a demon. and i've always believed that i could know it and people don't make an effort to change things. nothing will happen. lisney, though, the plague is too nice. his youngest female mayor at 1st the local fishermen ignored her. they didn't want to take orders from a young woman, but at least now they talked to her fellow, comes from a religious family. her father isn't a mom. and he now accepts the fact that his daughter wants to be a role model for the community. that's my mom and for the i've always had the motivation and the passion and knew him. and after the

revolution, i wanted to do something important with my life. that's why i decided to get into public service. when did he blind? why shouldn't i quoted with charity, i wanted to show that a woman here can go out and work effectively with man. lady said the and had, i also wanted to motivate other women to do the same as i did him. sure. i lived in the in some local women have followed all the plagues lead and entered local politics. and more and more men are getting used to the idea of having a discussion with a female mayor. perhaps the best way to bring about long term change is to start at the grass roots level. after all, most revolutions start out small. the quest for freedom, for justice, for dignity, are not over in the region. a lot of people use the word,

the term arab spring to describe what started in tennessee in december of 2010 with was easy, the vegetable vendor who wanted dignity. he wanted a job, he wanted income, but he wanted dignity. he wanted to be respected as a citizen, as a human being, and not then went through and has done egypt and syria with some successes, year and terrible failures there. but i think that the uprisings are ongoing, and we continue to see them in sudan, in algeria, in lebanon, in iraq. it's an ongoing quest for a better future. the arab spring was a major turning point and the history of north africa and the middle east. everyday citizens learned that unpopular rulers can be overthrown. thousands were killed in

the chaos of revolution. but many people are continuing to take up the challenge of creating a more just society. the arab spring may have ended, but its legacy lives on the india in the wave. tell me a lot of ways to help me rolling along the hungry will come on down the radio station connects, people contributing to environmental preservation inside her condo. next

dw, be your own health advocate. in good shape takes a new look to provide even more in site into matters of health cleverly active duty. oh, the little guys that is the 77 percent. the platform for africa is used to be issues and share ideas. you know,

so that would be enough to capture and then africa population is really fast. and young people clearly have the solutions, the future, you know, the 77 percent now every weekend on the w ah, this is d w. news and these are our top stories. israel parliament has narrowly voted in favor of a new coalition government. i was being prime minister benjamin netanyahu after a record 12 years in office. he's been replaced by enough tally bennett a right wing jewish nationalist who will preside over an unlikely.