remains no that jock of it just now just one. when behind breath a on the dial and roger federer on the list of all time grand slam champions. you're watching dw news lie from berlin always. you can keep up to date on all the latest on our website, the w dot com, or you can follow us on social media on problem for me as for me and the rest of the team here in berlin. thanks for watching and take care. ah, ah ah young moroccan immigrants, they know the police will stop done. they know that the route is not a solution. they know their flight could be fatal. going back is not an option. shattered dreams starts june 18th on d,

w. ah, the arab spring uprisings, market turning point and the history of the era world people risk their lives for freedom. the regimes collapsed while foreign powers also entered the arena. the militia groups spread fear and terror. after years of destruction and displacement, where does the arab world stand today? is there a new spring on the horizon? what do people now dream of the news?

the war in syria is part of the legacy of the arab spring. many in the west at once seen president bashar assad as a relatively liberal progressive figure. but he still showed his true colors. after the regimes in tunisia and egypt were toppled the people of syria dare to take to the street in march 2011 to demand freedom, dignity, and economic reforms started punishing the towns that are rebelling. so depriving them of all infrastructure or services. government services, let's say

a waste management education. and then the, so aside was besieging the towns. that's where rebelling one by one. and so when i say besieging it means there's no water, there's no electricity, there's no food, there's nobody coming in or going out. wherever protests flared up, the regime isolated those who took part. this is holmes. one of the focal points of the uprising. the garbage wasn't picked up for weeks and the water supply was shut off. there was a growing danger of infectious disease outbreaks, hunger and holmes was widespread in 2011. through the sod had decided that if the residence in one area took to the streets, he would punish that entire neighborhood. i'm there, could we just sat in some days we have none which ards regime killed our children

and our brothers and sisters why government is doing. the syrians who lived in exile were deeply concerned about their compatriots suffering at the time. sima bedra bo was working in the united arab emirates. she created a network that brought together opposition activists from across the region. the author regime, she says, was it war with its own people? it is not just given war because a civil war assumes that they are multiple parties fighting one another in the case of syria, if their regime fighting the people. so it is not a civil war, it's called the terrorism of the state against its own people. as the government crackdown intensified some opposition supporters took up arms. at the same time, they were now widespread desertion and assad's armed forces. mostly among members of the sunni branch of islam. they expressed solidarity with the protesters and

refused to shoot at their own people. the with a growing number of syrians believing that i thought had gone too far, popular support for his regime was falling fast. here and holmes, a military officer who had deserted, explains to volunteer militiamen how to protect themselves against snipers. along to the con, also the government gave us orders that violated our oath as soldiers we had sworn to protect civilians. when i saw what was going on, i deserted on june 2nd 2011 and it's a death in a dash. as the government campaign continued, they were fewer demonstrations and more st. battles. as i thought,

chose brute force large parts of syria soon bore the scars of a war zone. tens of thousands of people fled to neighboring countries like lebanon and turkey, from their many would make their way to europe. 10 years after the start of their resolution, half of this year in population, $12000000.00 people, half of them is internally displaced, and the other half is turned into refugees, which is considered by the united nations, the biggest humanitarian catastrophe in the 21st century assad. he's responsible for all of this, i guess, until this day he doesn't acknowledge the existence of an opposition by science opponents failed to develop a common strategy. some of them wanted democratic reforms,

others favored moderate islamist, sees this lack of unity created a power vacuum that allowed a radical g hottest group to occupy large parts of syria. the self proclaimed islamic state attracted tens of thousands of volunteers from across the arab world. and also from europe and southern russia. by 2014 i yes. control the euphrates river region from aleppo and syria to felicia in iraq and even threatened baghdad. islamic state established its headquarters in rocker with its forces later occupying the iraqi cities of mosul and to crete. it then continued to expand throughout the region, reaching the height of its territorial control in 2015

islamic states. conquests in iraq and syria caused concern in turkey, which borders both countries. refugees were pouring in while would be jihadists were using it stumble as a transit point to enter the region. turkey saw an opportunity to expand its influence in the region. turkish president, friendship tie of air to one is and was closely associated with the conservative muslim brotherhood movement which was gaining influence in several countries in the middle east. and north africa area was sought to take advantage of this situation and make turkey the dominant regional power. it had been in the 19th century. so let's your key of a function need on our 1st on turkey, a nature member state supported the syrian revolution against. on the one hand,

a lot of western aid for the syrian rebels came through turkey. but on the other, a number of young europeans were crossing from turkey into syria to become jihadists on them. don't monsieur logan, as you don't go into one, sought to use this chaotic situation to develop a policy that was both pan islamist and ultra nationalist. he, he's got a nice, a nice kindness soon and he's officially air. the one was opposed to the growing power of islamic state. but in syria i. yes. forces were battling kurdish troops which suited air to on seeing the kurds as a serious threat. his strategy was one of my enemies enemy is my friend. to say this is the relationship between turkey and his date was a tactical one. then i don't believe the had a one in 10. he wanted to help us, but he saw this as a cost benefit situation is fine. of course,

if turkey joined the fight against the stomach state him, it could benefit the current advisor. then compare the ones top foreign policy priority is to prevent the kurds from achieving more political or political reality . it took kurdish forces fared well in their battle against islamic state. thanks also to support from france and the us in the shape of arms deliveries and air strikes in syria and iraq. the, the syrian curds have close ties with the curtis stand workers party or p k. k. considered by many a terrorist organization. but for the us, the fight against islamic state now took priority. in 2014, i yes. still helped large parts of northern syria. but kurdish troops drove out its forces, ended the siege of co,

bonnie and in 2016 declared of better ration in areas that they controlled. turkey was alarmed by the success of the kurdish militias. former prime minister argument of total says the us was wrong to support syrian kurdish groups, such as that people's protection units. the y p g u. s. for the susan or the prison, told that b k, k affiliated groups like p y, d, y, p g, could be a partners and this disturb turkey, these disturbing women i was promised that i was disturbed is not the way we should . we should worship. as to allies particular that there are still conditions not according to 30, according to us, according to european countries. as with the current western allies were impressed with the success of the militias, which also had female fighters in their ranks. but for turkey, they represented

a growing danger. as my boat see, they just denali will. for the 1st time, there was a real possibility of the kurdish, autonomous region being established. or even a kurdish state can but wield when they represented a real danger for the circuit interest. and that's why had one has one overriding priority and his entire middle east policy of fargo and preventing the creation occurred states on turkey's border under. and so that the, so if i in the air, the ones worst fear was that ethnic curds in syria and southern turkey could join forces on repeated occasions. he threatened to send troops into northern syria. that's who i mean, the whole load, these guys more america, after us forces wound down their presence in the region. turkish units moved into northern syria city. turkey was no longer content to simply support the islamists

that have on $271.00 now developed to policy that was decidedly nationalist. and anti could only see a decrease in the zone on 4 key trying to create a buffer zone that extended several dozen kilometers into syria. you could the, the aim was to prevent any co operation between kurdish forces on either side of the border and the kurds in syria will fighting in dash in october 2019 purchased leaders negotiated a deal with president bashar assad. syrian troops would deploy along the border to prevent a turkish military offensive. the deal was brokered by russia. i thought did not want to lose any more territory. this move plus the addition of russian air strikes against opposition, militias helped boost us chances of staying and power air. the ones efforts to increase turkeys presence in northern syria were only

a limited success. meanwhile, vladimir putin took advantage of the situation to enhance russia as role as a major player in the region. still in 2019 air, the one was able to set up buffer zones inside syria, which also served to prevent the various kurdish militias from linking up with as with the arab spring itself, european diplomats did not play much of a role in negotiation aimed at ending the fighting and syria, they were more effective and trying to end the 2nd civil war that broke out in libya in 2014. in august 2020 german foreign minister high call mos traveled to libya in an effort to keep the conflict from spiraling out of control. and alice, torn until fading. and as you've been inside the zullie and we want to do

everything we can to prevent libya from becoming a 2nd, syria, we're russia and turkey are involved. but no one else, loopy. and we don't want to see libya divided between turkey and russia. but to prevent that, we have to play a larger run than vaughn 7 the the 1st libyan civil war began in february 2011 and the wake of arab spring protests and other countries . as elsewhere, the uprising against more mar adolphe and the ensuing conflict divided and devastated the country. gadhafi had been courted by western leaders, including then french president nicholas are cozy because of libya's oil reserves, the largest in africa. the west seemed content to ignore the dictators dismal record on human rights. as the street protests against his

regime continued farm to militia soon got involved. good up. these troops moved east and recaptured several cities that had been seized by rebels.