in we don't want to see libya divided between turkey and russia. but to prevent that, we have to play a larger wrong than vaughn 7 the the 1st libyan civil war began in february 2011 in the wake of arab spring protests and other countries . as elsewhere, the uprising against more mar gadhafi and the ensuing conflict divided and devastated the country. gadhafi had been courted by western leaders, including then french president nicholas are cozy because of libya's oil reserves, the largest in africa. the west seemed content to ignore the dictators dismal record on human rights. as the street protests against his regime continued farm to militia soon got involved. gadhafi troops moved east and recaptured several cities that had been seized by rebels. unlike in syria,

the un security council authorized member states to use all necessary measures to protect libyan civilians. this included nato air strikes me the foreign intervention turned the tide of the war against gadhafi. he was now isolated internationally. gadhafi was captured and executed by opposition forces in october 2011 opposition forces, backed by military support from nato, now ruled the country. the military levy invite relative if it's in the military operation against libya, relatively efficient europeans and especially the french who launched this operation, suffered few casualties as well. under an onion, syria, whole range of the teaching players were involved with

a feeling that was not the case in libya and in libyan. and a lot of world leaders seemed class period of daphne before and after those 2 to show me the us and european military intervention destroyed duffy's regime which paved the way for the success of the popular uprising success. but the allies played no role in the political transition that followed on the company. this led to a disaster in which libya disintegrated into several warring factions. this in turn prompted turkey, russia and others to intervene. ah, in the political turmoil that followed the fall of gadhafi rebels led by former field marshal khalifa, half tar challenge to the elected parliament, the general national congress. the opposition forces were backed by a coalition that included egypt, the united arab emirates and russia. but augment botello in

2014 turkeys foreign minister and then prime minister tried to move libya into his country's sphere of influence even today, although no longer part of the air to one regime. he says, this would be in the best interest of both countries. nobody can isolate 30 in the mediterranean. government can tolerate these livia as eastern mediterranean issue made libya as a, as an issue of national interest for search. but the presence of turkey turkish is to help the libyan intention. good and clear. nice. go. by 2019. the libyan interim government that had been formed in 2015 was under attack by opposition, forces led by a colleague for half tar turkey, dispatched mercenaries to support the government, while russia backed the other side.

western libya, including the capital, tripoli is controlled by the internationally recognized government the eastern part of the country is occupied by half tars rebels. the conflict has become an international proxy war with turkey and cutter supporting the government. while russia, egypt and the united arab emirates are backing, the rebels escaped stockton. the debt took high khaki, russia, and the american much less interested in pay. and they are expanding that of influence ultimately about geo politics. visiting so instead of warden. this is a proxy war and it has to be contained and the 1st thing is that because at some point in the international players may contract each other directly on time, diesel often lease dates if anything want to expand the fear of influence. and unlike europe,

they wouldn't have to deal with the consequences and desist on the con, the companies, cotton european diplomats headed by berlin, are now working to bring peace to libya. both sides in the conflict considered the germans, unlike france or italy to be impartial negotiators, german lead mediation did at least lead to a cease fire. in october 2020 the airport, a tripoli, which had seen clashes between rebels and government troops, soon reopened for a limited number of flights. but the peace talks have been complicated by a desire and less more than mere rough insulin capacity. despite the arms embargo weapons are still being brought into the country when both sides have violated, the embargo and both sides are bringing in foreign fighters inside ah, the e u hopes that

a peace deal will help reduce the number of refugees trying to get to europe from libya, the 1st stop for many refugees is the italian island of lumber. deuce. just 300 kilometers north of libby as coast ah, many of the refugees are intercepted by the libyan coast guard and brought back as part of an e. u funded system that has been criticized by human rights organizations going to buy it says mackenzie wants to mine jazz. migration is a very sensitive topic across europe which is in the in. so we want to see livia, develop functional state structures that can deal with the situation was a stable libya is in the use interests. libby as interim government hopes that the europeans will help extend its authority across the entire country. but turkey

and russia likewise continue to push their foreign policy agendas in the region, adding another layer of complexity to the peace process. ultimately, libby as fate is in the hands of regimes in cairo, is done bull, moscow, and abu dhabi. the german government is trying to keep both sides in the conflict from insisting on a military solution designed to hope all is right. and so it says it has to expand its engagement because the other side has done the same. and that makes it extremely difficult to achieve a political solution. and i'm still believe that a military solution is possible. i don't want and we can end the spiral of violence only with the participation of both sides and their foreign supporters. germany's diplomatic efforts are also complicated by contradictory aspects of the use,

middle east policy the you claims to support freedom and democracy, but has often fact leaders who primarily serve europe's interests. a case in point, the united arab emirates, where human rights issues seem to become secondary european reale politic or a betrayal of european values. i think that the biggest mistake that the west always makes this obsessive quest for stability. you know supports for leaders like mobile can egypt or even in directly for aside and serial or others in the region has only brought long term endemic stomach problems to the region which end up blowing up in everyone's face. and it's

unfortunately a vicious cycle because the reaction than in europe is all. we must stabilize because migrants, refugees, poverty at our doors. so let's push the border further out into the sea and to the mediterranean, into north africa. to make sure this problem doesn't come to us in lebanon, long standing economic and political problems may get produced, a popular movement that resembles the original era spring. for years, they route, also a regional financial hub, seemed in a waste of tranquillity. as war raged in neighboring syria, wealthy syrians and gulf arabs poured their money into local real estate and other reasonably safe investments. a stable lebanon seemed to be in everyone's best interests, not least with the mask as just being a 2 hour drive away from a route. but that stability and fear of change have also led to gridlock in the

country's political system. by tradition, lebanon's prime minister is always a sunni muslim on harry served in this post from 2016 to 20. 20. the country's president is always the maronite christian, while the parliament speaker is a shia muslim, the system is based on lebanon's 3 largest religious factions. it may seem equitable on the surface, but the setup has also led to nepotism and corruption. and lebanon's government has proven unable to deal with the countries severe economic problems. a route born journalist kim, gosh us, says the people have had enough and now demand real performs. every country in the region is fighting its own internal battles. it has its own internal dynamics, but it's also all interconnected as part of a larger system. the uprising happened and lebanon was not part of that

wave initially, but it rejoined it more recently in 2019, with the protests that took place in october and continued throughout 2020. in the summer of 2019 thousands gathered in bay route for protests that continued for several weeks. the beginning of a new arab spring movement, the uprisings and the protest 11 are part of the bigger picture. they're part of the uprising in general against injustice against corruption against oppression. but then you have the local dynamics that are specific to lobby on because you don't have sha militias in egypt. you don't have sha malicious intent is just as in the original arab spring countries. the situation in lebanon is complicated by the presence of a militant religious organization has belong a sheer political group. that also has a powerful security apparatus. in the 2019 demonstrations organized troublemakers

often clashed with peaceful protesters. in this case, they broke through a police cordon and battled security forces. such disruptions are common during political protests in lebanon. his ball law itself has said that the demonstrations threatened the stability of the lebanese government while denying any involvement in the counter protest via the us germany and several other countries have designated his belong as a terrorist organization. but it is definitely a force to be reckoned with in lebanon. its political wing is represented in lebanon's cabinet. and the current parliament, while its militias have helped to maintain assad regime across the border in syria, has below also has close ties to iran and is considered by many to be toronto proxy in the region. so now madi, jimmy,

i'm up to you as well. i presented themselves as those who fought for the rights of the oppressed for the poor for the occupied, et cetera. but over time, as they entered politics, politics corrupts even resistance. movements, which is how they were described by many people, and seen by many people in, in, in lebanon. and they've become part of the corrupt establishment. the corruption is widely believed to have played a part in a massive chemical explosion that rocked a root in august 2020. more than 200 people were killed and 7 and a half 1000. others were injured. the area around the ports of a route where the blast took place was raised to the ground. almost 3000 tons of

ammonium nitrate had been stored in a warehouse without proper safety measures and was likely triggered by welding work . critics said, port officials should have moved the material to a different location, but didn't, because of corruption and hor, management. the nonprofit organization stepped in immediately to help the victims. these groups included in n g o called development accessible for all which provides aid for poor families throughout lebanon. office bounder is paula jacobi on. here she shows the extent of the damage caused by the blast in yoko beyond resigned her seat in parliament shortly after the explosion in protest against corruption and mismanagement and lebanon's government

. the ticking bomb, there was dentist in beirut, under our nose this, the government, the president, they all knew about mon, you mean the roots and they didn't nothing. and we trusted them for so long, which just of the christian leader that he was christian and definitive with cindy and this, you know, they're not, they have nothing to do with god. there's a bunch of devils trying to rule a country of food, people of divided people i. while an investigation into the disaster was launched, there has been political interference and a lack of accountability on all sides for explosive material having been stored in the port. paula, yoko, beyond the hopes that the people of lebanon will demand reforms aimed at breaking the sectarian franco hope that these groups have on lebanon's political system. she

says people are tired of having their lives controlled by what she calls the lebanese mafia. i wish to have a country where my son can go to school and come by and see, see, i wish for the country where we can re clean air, have clean water, have an economy, have a future where everyone is free to think whatever they want. everyone to speak to, to dress up the way they want. and i mean, was think fighting for basic needs. the protests in lebanon continue, but most people have little hope that things will change. some have already emigrated here, as in many other countries, the arab spring failed to bring about the reforms that people demanded as in lebanon, demands for arab spring style reforms came late to iraq. life here,

over the past 2 decades, has been chaotic. the international intervention to topple saddam hussein. the rise and fall of islamic state. sectarian violence between she is and sunni's and an economy in ruins. but for only our ruby, the problem is not primarily about sectarianism. he blames a powerful and corrupt elite for the current political and economic situation in iraq, ensure in law and sure, we've seen injustice theft and the conscious squandering of public funds. and it's being done by the same people again and again. this is a huge revolution that can change things today, tomorrow or in the future. in october 2019 thousands of iraqis demonstrated in bagdad terrier square limited. when i

got there, i was surprised at the size of the crowd and how diverse it was. no, it's enough. they were demanding one basic human right dignity of the dignity that iraqi people deserve cut on that dignity was stolen from us. and we wanted back how much lou showing you did the demonstration see witness signal the start of an arab springs dial movement. the demands of the protesters in 2019 were certainly the same as they had been in other countries, dignity and anger over corrupt politicians. oppression had a lack of prospects for the young generation. as seen previously from tunis and ban ghazi, the cairo in damascus. the that anger prompted the people of baghdad and several other iraqi cities to take to the streets. when the protests

intensified, security forces fired tear gas rubber, bullets, and even live ammunition. the demonstrators had a new found sense of unity, regardless of religious affiliation upon us. but anyway, i can be some people mine for days without food. we help to volunteers bring food to the people who are gathered that we are square enough and we didn't know whether those people were sunni or she didn't care. no one paid any attention to what religion you belong to. let me know, call me with kill him. applause. he. in november 2019. iraq's prime minister stepped down. after the country's top shia cleric condemned the government violence against demonstrators. sporadic protests continue as a rock remains a fragmented and fragile state. what is the legacy of the arab spring?

civil wars have arranged for years and libya, syria and yemen, which have escalated into international conflicts. in egypt, the military remains and power led by president and a former army general abdel fata c c the royal families and saudi arabia for rain and kuwait have managed to preserve the status quo their counterparts and morocco, jordan and oman responded to popular protests by adopting limited reforms in algeria, lebanon, and iraq. there have been occasional demonstrations, but the political establishment remains and power mass protests and so done in 2019 prompted the resignation of the country's president. only tunisia has enjoyed peaceful transitions of political power based on

a new constitution. ah, despite tenacious success at reform, the country faces enormous economic problems including high youth unemployment. many young people leave for europe or the gulf states to find jobs. but tunisia, democratic system is working. a new president was elected in 2019 ah, among those casting of vote at that time was lena ban henney, a well known activist author and blogger, who spoke out to demand social and economic reforms. in a 2019 interview, she told us that there is more to democracy than free elections. for let you use this, please. i would like to see the people of tenicia achieve all the goals that we had after the revolution,

dignity and prosperity. so important political structure like he's the call now, and we also have to work our way out of the economic and social crises that we now need to. most tunisians are proud of their new democratic system. hardly anyone wants to see a return to the dick tutorial. policies of president ban ali, who was ousted in 2011. the and many women have followed in the footsteps of lena ben, many who died in 2020, at the age of 36 after a long illness. ah, poverty is widespread in tunisia, rural regions. few people have the money to buy farmland from the big landowners or the government. so many work as day laborers. but there has been some progress.

for example, in the town of gym and central tunisia, in 2011 local residence, occupied a nearby date plantation. since then, they've continued to work the land. they use the profits to hire more workers and to invest in infrastructure projects. but their claim to the land has not yet been officially recognized by the courts. omar honda was among those who took over the plantation. it was the 1st work that he'd been able to find in years. if a love the thought of when the revolution began, this was the only place around here where we could find jobs. we worked for the landlord. but then we reclaim the land that rightfully belonged to us. about the gym and some local young people joined us and we kicked out the landlord. well, i'm going to have to look at them. and luckily we were able to do it peacefully.

100 additional. i just under 40 percent of tenicia population are under the age of $25.00. about one 3rd of young people attend college. but youth unemployment is high at around 36 percent. the jobless rate for women is even higher. but in the coastal town of book, laura, one woman has made a name for herself, they'll, they'll take the mayor and you can it all started when i was walking home from the university one day and passed through the market. i noticed that there were only men, there not as good ingle woman, and what i said to myself. as soon as i'm done with my studies, i'll try to fix the situation with a de met. and i've always believed that i could know it and people don't make an

effort to change things. nothing will happen. lisney though the plague is tunisia is youngest, female mayor at 1st, the local fishermen ignored her. they didn't want to take orders from a young woman, but at least now they talked to her little comes from a religious family. her father isn't a mom. and he now accepts the fact that his daughter wants to be a role model for the community. that's my mom, and i'm just waiting for i've always had the motivation and the passion and know him. and after the revolution, i wanted to do something important with my life. and that's why i decided to get into public service for people. and why shouldn't i quoted,

what i wanted to show is that a woman here can go out and work effectively with man. lady said the and i also wanted to motivate other women need to do the same as i did in some local women have followed all the lead and entered local politics. and more and more men are getting used to the idea of having a discussion with a female mayor. ready perhaps the best way to bring about long term change is to start at the grass roots level. after all, most revolutions, start out small. i the quest for freedom, for justice, for dignity, are not over in the region. a lot of people use the word, the term arab spring to describe what started in tennessee in december of

2010 with was easy, the vegetable vendor who wanted dignity. he wanted a job, he wanted income, but he wanted dignity. he wanted to be respected as a citizen, as a human being, and then went through and has done egypt and syria, with some successes here and terrible failures there. but i think that the uprisings are ongoing, and we continue to see them in sudan, in algeria, in lebanon, in iraq. it's an ongoing quest for a better future. the arab spring was a major turning point and the history of north africa and the middle east. everyday citizens learned that unpopular rulers can be overthrown. thousands were killed in the chaos of revolution. but many people are continuing to take up the challenge of creating a more just society. the arab spring may have ended,

but its legacy lives on. ah, the ah, the us vaccination campaign is making good progress snot everywhere. it is rejected, find money in the mountains. plenty of doses remain and here they only trust verbal medicine. and god can dr. hensley from the local hospital for the vaccine. all 3000 on the w. me. how it was.

this is, jason is the new magic word. now, thanks to hi, pat, museums can open virtually to everyone everywhere. built into the museum of the future. tomorrow today. 30 minutes on d. w. nico, germany, to learn german, why not learn with him online, on your mobile and free stuff? he w e learning course, eco's big. i, me, frank food, a bought international gateway to the best connection, self road and real. located in the heart of europe,

you are connected to the world experience. i'm standing shopping and dining offers and drawing our services be our guest at frankfurt, airport city managed by from board. oh the. this is the w news and these are our top stories. israel's parliament has narrowly voted in favor of a new coalition government. i was being prime minister benjamin netanyahu after a record 12 years in office. he's been replaced by enough tally bennett, a right wing jewish nationalist who presided over an unlikely coalition of 8 different parties. bennett government narrowly won a vote of confidence. mm. of the key 7 leaders of.