and this is essential to the expansion mobility to creating political attention and threatening jo ecosystem. the mining region is right with controversy. close up. in 60 minutes, w h l leads to hundreds of thousands of dance a year, and there's no vaccine just by decades of research. that very research has seen several covered vaccines developed at lightning speed. the corona virus is pretty straightforward. h i v is a master of disguise and mutates incredibly quickly. but recent breakthroughs provide hope the. b welcome to the show and dates as all and m r n. a

technology could be the game changer. i'll talk to a scientist working on the latest developments in a moment. first, this report, the scientists were able to develop effective vaccines within months of the outbreak of the corona virus pandemic. for 2 reasons. firstly developed countries poured billions into vaccine development in record time. and secondly, scientists were able to build on decades of aids and cancer research, the m r n. a vaccines developed by madonna. and by and take a proof of that. the idea behind these genetic vaccines is that people are injected with a blueprint for a particular element of the virus. in the case of the corona virus, this is known as the spike protein. the process means the body starts producing these proteins itself. the immune system then recognizes that it's coming under attack and starts to fight back. no vaccine has been found against aids,

which weakens the immune system because h i, viruses mutate so quickly. they also attack the immune system directly, which means the body is unable to fight back. but the doctor and experimental results gained during research into corona virus. vaccines have also given the search for an aids vaccine. terrific boost scientists have been able to obtain a lot of new data in a short time. the 1st positive results are already being seen. madana is planning to begin to clinical trials of m r n a h i v vaccine by the end of this year. cycle garrett is head of vaccine, and pathogenesis research at the center for the aides program of research in south africa. caprice. so many h i v back. same trials have failed miserably. what makes you think that these new trials stand a better chance of success? good afternoon to you, been and to hear us. thank you so much for inviting me now. just to say that at the

moment there are 2 ongoing h. b vaccine trials. interestingly, they're using be at the, you know, buyers vector platform, which is also used in the johnson and johnson corporate vaccine. the m r n. a technology is obviously new and has been applied to corporate vaccines, but not yet to h. i v in, in human trials so, so we're really looking forward to that. and there are some key differences between h, v and coffee too. so perhaps we're going to discuss that have been. so this is where h, i, b, is benefiting from, from covered would you say? because in so many cases during this pandemic research into other diseases including h i v aids has taken quite a hit because of the focus on covert. yeah. so that's right, and some of our research she had caprice,

has shown that the number of testing has reduced by about 50 percent of the testing . and also then be treatment initiation. and you know, everyone knows that the treatment is really key for keeping people healthy. and and prevent death. so these are key you and aids targets. so we suspect that both the size that there's been a lot of diversion of resources stuffing and also the oratory resources to cobra, testing in many loan in middle income countries. so now we have the covered vaccines because it's a buyers that affects the whole world and not just a certain minority of the population in so many countries as is the case with h, i b a and yes, so this was obviously a panoramic that it absolutely everyone across the globe, and it's been a huge, huge effort globally and, and massive mobilization. so many of the, of the research is also actually helped with running these trials because we had

the clinical trial platforms all set up across the world really. and so in terms of h r b, there has been funding over the years. it's just a much more difficult virus to find in a chevy vaccine. again, spin corporate with coal. we were very lucky that we found the right target, which is the spike protein on the call it. and we've managed to elicit very strong antibodies against this by protein that the virus uses to attach to these yourselves, in the lung in h r v. that is a lot more complicated. we've been comparing it to covert bed in comparison to something like the flu. i think people find it interesting. the variability of h i v and an individual exceeds the global sequence variability in the influenza virus during a whole season. is that what makes h? i be so hard to fight. yes. so you're, i've been, there's

a enormous genetic diversity in h i v. so if you look at the sequences that, for example, and code the, you know, the shell of the virus, they can vary by up to maybe about 35 percent between viruses of the same type of h i, b. and then there's very high what they call mutation rates. so the virus itself and evolves very quickly. and the human being was for example, the call it vaccine or other flu viruses. they may have, you know, maybe quite stable like 95 percent of the genome may be very stable and it's just one or 2 mutations that may change. and then, you know, you obviously then also get the problem with the famous barrier. yes. and the vast majority of h, i v infected individuals any produce weak strain specific as the bodies. but some re, individuals do make potent antibodies against a broad range of mutations. those antibodies. a highly unusual,

but scientists do have them in their possession, don't they? yeah. so this is actually a very interesting part of a chevy research currently. so caprice has been involved in lot of frauding, neutralizing antibody research, which is very strong antibodies. they have been isolated in some way individuals as you say. and we've been managing to essentially make them now in the reactors and we can give them to human beings as what they call passive immunization, which is not a backseat, but it's giving the antibodies directly for h r b prevention. now the real challenge is now to elicit these antibodies through backseat. and i think that's again where maybe m r n a vaccines could come in because they have the potential they, they're very easy to manufacture and quite cheap as well. they can be delivered with these liquid nano particles to the body, and then the body can make so called immune protein. so we call them in units

and administering multiple immunizations could then elicit potentially the making of the strong anti bodies in a human being in natural infection. it takes about 3 years in an infected person to elicit these very strong antibodies, so to continuously involving antibody race with the virus that's been also quite well described. so now let me just ask you briefly to the question, i asked you what the very beginning, how, how much hope you have them considering the m r n a technology that's been developed and these other bright foods. so i'm extremely excited like many of my colleagues about the technology, and there has been some animal studies. all right, ready that have shown some if you can see of these of these m r n a backseats for to prevent the, the monte carlo equivalent of

h i v. and we are looking forward to some human trials. i think, as you know, maybe some of us as well, and we're interested in the technology and taking this forward. so i think we have great hope that this will help us on the path to an h. b vaccine. soon. excellent, great to hear nigel garrett from caprice are there. it's heavy on the show today. thank you, but let's check now with eric williams on the topic of coping vaccine stealing the spotlight call. could 19 vaccine production compete with the production of other vaccines. oh, or the vaccine manufacturers such a vitamin com in the machinery of global health care. i found it surprisingly difficult to nail down firm numbers when i began researching this topic. hard information on production figures was, was pretty scares and, and the supply chains involved are pretty convoluted. however, non co,

the vaccine manufacturer has, i think, certainly taken a hit as resources continue to be thrown at stopping sars. coby to even straight forward bottlenecks, like shortfalls. for instance, in medical grade glass biles, they will have serious knock on effects and, and the massive ways of probate 19 in india, which is often called the pharmacy of the world. because so many vaccines are made there. that will, in the very nature of cause production flow down for other vaccine as, as resources are diverted to the production of cobra vaccine. but even this manufacturers are making less vaccine for other diseases. supply side issues are just one part of a looming problem,

which is that in the course with the pandemic demand for those other vaccines also dropped a lot. new data from the cdc, for instance, shows that in the u. s. last year routine childhood vaccinations for things like measles or, or tetanus, fell dramatically as parents skipped appointments. afraid that they or their kids might contract cove at 19, at a doctor's office or at a clinic. and the same thing will have occurred in many other parts of the world, experts more and that all of those mis childhood vaccinations will be difficult to make up and say that in the mid term back could lead to spikes in the number of cases for diseases that before the pandemic were kept in check by vaccines, me as more good news before we go fully vaccinated, people in germany can now get a digital certificate on their cell phones to prevent status health and begin

sponsors. goal is for the passport to be available by the end of the month at the latest to everyone who qualifies. it's intended to allow holders more freedom in the pandemic. thanks for watching. stay safe, and so you against the world. the and above all, only feels jewish life in europe. that's what film producer and journalist, good, modern, are exploring. delving into history and the present. i would never go to judaism, could be live. so i remind myself because i grew up in

a completely different way. god, it's jewish in years, the 2 part documentary starts july 5th on d w. how does the virus, why don't we panic by and when will all this 3 of the topics that we covered and i weekly radio if you would like for information on the corona virus or any other and find topics, you should really check out our podcast. you can get it wherever you get your podcast. you can also find us at w dot com, forward slash science. every journey begins with the 1st step, and every language you put the 1st word. pinnacle niko is in germany, design,

german. why not learn with him? it's simple online, on your mobile and free t w e learning course. nikos vague german made easy me the the the, the festival they said to happen got its wet carpet and glittering gowns. after all . who knew the bird in international film festival from a special could literally be a whoop in the par. welcome to us and culture from biting satellites, a gripping drama, and ground breaking documentaries. the public of enjoyed 5 days of film shown in outdoor cinemas, across the german capital. and now 3 months late,

the jury has finally got around to handing out its coveted golden and silver bands . and of course, we couldn't talk about the berlin allah without bringing in resident film expert scott's box for welcome scott. so good to see you here in the studio instead of on skype. yeah, this is the 1st time backs of the studio for a long, long time, and course the festival is the 1st time back at a real live festival which, which has a completely different feeling. now because it's happening in the summer, we had an online version of the building in march where the announced who is going to win. but the wasn't chance for the public at least to see these movies or to see see the winners until now. and it's been great, it's been a real, i don't know, summer festival feeling. it feels more like a can film festival than ever linda vessel and you there and sunday for the big prize giving ceremony. it was long, long awaited and you follow this report? that's take a little the, it's taken 3 months, but the winners of the 2021. bailey now finally got to celebrate in style. the

golden bear for best film went to a social satire from romania. that's fantastic, as they say injured, some gentleman's, a teacher's private sex tape is leaked triggering a witch hunt. the film is a bitterly funny satire on public morality in the online age. german actor, marin accurate one, the silver bare for best leading performance, playing a scientist to test out a robot lover inside i comedy. i'm your man. he is in the m a furnished book, comes in as super addressed it up as in alpha w behind and tom and the machine. yeah, this is midway just of the fine one because you know, i'm, i don't the same machine wheel director was looking. i'm a gucci, came all the way from japan, received his silver, bare 4 wheel of fortune and fantasy, a trio of intimate traumas featuring women in tokyo, and nakajima shouldn't be later

in the winter. so it was the more i can do with the suit about this outdoor and code it accommodating barely knowledge is a big change from festivals past. but the summer special has succeeded in bringing the spirit of cinema back to the big screen. is this oh and it said he looks like it's got now being a bit of a pessimists. i imagine they would be the when it would be beamed in. but they were there in person. right. and what a treat for the audience though it was great. and i mean that's been the whole idea of this summer. special is to be a return to cinema or cinema coming home if you will. and i was speaking to some of the actors at the ceremony. and once that it felt like coming out of hibernation

because you know, so many film fans, people in general have been sort of locked in their houses, watching their, their movies on the little laptop screens. and it was very moving for me to actually be with such a large group of people again, things in my as it's meant to be seen on, on the, on the big screen. i also above it normally pessimistic and a bit cynical, but i thought it was incredibly moving experience and really had the sense that movies are, are coming back again. what was the golden by went to a romanian film with a bit of a mouthful of a name. it's called good luck banging or leaving the poor, the winners. we're now it's back in march or the in the free section with the festival. but just remind us, why did the jury choose this film? i think it's because this film is really if the pandemic movie, i mean this was made during the cold pandemic. and you can see it in the film because all the actors have to wear masks on screen while they perform. it also the film kind of completely insane. it sort of captures the madness of this, of this past year. i think so many other adult. it's also formally incredibly

daring. it's sort of a part documentary. it is part of theater of play. it's part of film has a very interesting film. it's also very, very funny. and i think after the year that we've all had, maybe even the building, our jury said, we all really need a laugh. okay, it's what you've been at the film since the festival started last week. it's the 1st time in $71.00 additions that is taking place out doors and in summer but the pan them, it's not over yet. so that took a bit of planning. right? yeah, a lot of planning and a lot of organization. i mean, it is very different than usual years, but it's going to be incredibly well. i mean, they have, you know, attracts and testing in front of all the reg carpets of their social distance and all the red carpet. it's all open air. so that makes for, for, to be a bit safer. but i think it's over incredibly well. and the spirit has been incredible. i mean, the people coming out celebrating cinema, again, as i say, it's incredibly heartwarming for me person. okay. now there's something else i want to talk with you about briefly and that is that the legendary actor ned beatty has

died. one of the hollywood greats of fabulous count tax. how will he be remembered? yeah, very sad news. i of course heard as well and be the sort of he is probably i remember it is one of the great great character actors. i mean, i think most people remember him from deliverance. his 1st film where he played a, a gentle business man who's brutally assaulted by hillbillies been, he is one of these actors who have, you know, mostly small roles. and he was proof that the fact are no real small role. he had a walk on performance in that work that earned him an oscar nomination. and he basically left his mark on dozens of great films. i mean, it was never the the star, but he always lifted whatever films he was in. and any time you saw him on screen, he knew you were in for something really, really special. and i think that's how we're going to really remember. he will be very solely mixed. indeed, yet it's got rocks, but always as always, a fountain of film wisdom. thank you very much for your insight. now,

what happens when a woman trumps in a marriage of convenience finds true passion in a tempest with extra marital affair. while it can all go horribly wrong and el kush, mister shows us exactly how in her claims w. noble missy saw tours. the gripping psychological thriller is the latest book in our series. 100 german must read. how do you go on living after your 1st to big love? leave here for another? for you ever love again? beverly to trust again. in the book, mrs. torres author elk is smith writes about the beautiful margarita who loses her boyfriend to another woman. she then loses her voice and almost loses her mind. out of revenge, she decides to marry the 1st guy who comes along. she becomes the wife of an sartorius. a dependable man who bores her half to death,

she settled into the idle life of an 1. 950 house frowned in a sleepy town and west germany in a strain of her coming along his elegant and well spoken. and mrs. torres doesn't stand a chance. she's drunk with passion. the affair is exhilarating. but there's a cat. the man is married to. and unlike her, he has no intention of putting his marriage at risk. the awakening is brutal. he was coming toward me with another man whom i didn't know. they were deep in conversation. and he glanced at me and acknowledged me with a nod. the way you acknowledge someone, you know, but whose name you can't remember. so it was that simple, really. and as i sat on the john, i was sorry i haven't been able simply to throw,

i would have never dreamed it was possible for 2 people who loved each other once to walk past each other. like that me sounds familiar. you may recognize a bit of madame bovary, or some other 1900 century romance novel about a woman disappointed by life, except that mrs. r. taurus does not make a good victim for novel takes on another dimension, a thriller that remains unresolved till the very end. it's an explosive literary debut crisply written, and dripping with suspense. ah, me. house or something you can put down. now in western miss already dragons are fierce. fire breathing warriors think lord the rings or game of thrones. but the thousands of years in china, dragons have been with me. it is godlike creatures who over the natural elements including the air. so it's hardly surprising that one of the animals popular with

traditional kites makers, as we'll see in our next report making tight, is a very intricate procedure. each movement stroke oh, some shall done, has performed them thousands of times before. it takes years to learn the different kinds building techniques such a dog started when he was just a child. now he's 76 and still learning new tricks, whether possible. i was 8 years old when my grandfather taught me how to build kites as well. he thought i was smart and hard working so but, and he wanted me to learn the tradition how kind of what, who are his flying creatures can often take 2 weeks to complete and can sell for up to 2400 euros. there are kite factories, big and small, all over the city of y fun. more than 70 percent of the world kites are made here.

law school children here learn how to make kites in class. in rows they march into the doors to test their creations. some work better than others. shot you bunch on. ha ha. i really want to learn to build a kite to do, but it's not just about me. it's about keeping a tradition alive. oh, hold on. hello. hi. i had a little wife on the festival. begins with a cloud of color each year these vibrant figures, animals, and mythical creatures, fill the sky before crowds of up to a $100000.00 people. ah. and now we like to come here. the atmosphere is lively. everyone who likes kate's comes here. everyone's in a good mood is your type maker dings one. seeing is planning something special.

kite that's 7 kilometers long. if he can get it to fly, it will be a new world record. because it's made of smaller kites strung together 3 meters apart. thought she though, but normally we only need force 3 when today we have 47, but we're still going to try and why fi? the wind pole hard line of men tries to keep up to keep control of the world's longest kite. then nature winds out. funny is, had you talk with the wind was too strong. it toy the strain you use it for like people they can't withstand too much pressure. you can do it because i put out, you know, coaching me but things when she hasn't given up for good, maybe next time it will work. and that's part of the fascination keeping this tradition alive. ah, that looks like

a lot of phone from us on this edition. you can find more c, w dot com slash culture. and follow us as well on facebook and twitter by watching and see you next time. ah, the the me the, the the,

the new gold rush and the andy lithium this like metal is the wrong material of the future. and it's essential to the french and from actual mobility to creating political attention and threatening a fragile ecosystem. the mining region is right with controversy close up in 30 minutes on d. w. ah. the use case is not only for employment and is for empowerment time. so that incoming 1015 years, one of those things about how to inculcate the values of tolerance. understanding

these things cannot be ignored forever because the fundamentalists forces in the finished floor also acting very deeply and intensely. and we cannot undermine the apollo step out of communication, power of technology. ordinary people must not model the support them, must not socially support them. the international community has to invest more on that location which can prevent young people to enter into that type of senator courses. the, the ah,

the news . this is the w news. why, for from berlin tonight, nato declares china a security challenge, but not an enemy. native leaders say beijing's behavior is undermining the global order. so what does the alliance plan beyond the tough words, we're going to nato headquarters also coming up tonight. things more not last w talks foreign policy with the army last year and the man hoping to see miracles as the chancellor of germany and england.