to remind myself, i grew up in a completely different way. for me, it's broad, it's the station i jewish years, the 2 port documentary starts july 5th on dw me the 8 chinese lead to hundreds of thousands of dance a year. and there's no vaccines or spike decades of research. that very research has seen several coven vaccines developed at lightning speed. the corona virus is pretty straightforward. h, i v is a master of disguise and do taste incredibly quickly. but recent breakthroughs provide hope. b welcome to the show and bids as all and m r n. a

technology could be the game changer. i'll talk to a scientist working on the latest developments in a moment. first, this report, the scientists were able to develop effective vaccines within months of the outbreak at the corona, virus pandemic. for 2 reasons. firstly developed countries poured billions into vaccine development in record time. and secondly, scientists were able to build on decades of aids and cancer research, the m r n. a vaccines developed by madonna. and by and take a proof of that. the idea behind these genetic vaccines is that people are injected with a blueprint for a particular element of the virus. in the case of the corona virus, this is known as the spike protein. the process means the body starts producing these proteins itself. the immune system then recognizes that it's coming under attack and starts to fight back. no vaccine has been found against aids,

which weakens the immune system because h i, viruses mutate so quickly. they also attack the immune system directly, which means the body is unable to fight back. but the doctor and experimental results gained during research into corona virus. vaccines have also given the search for an aids vaccine. terrific boost scientists have been able to obtain a lot of new data in a short time. the 1st positive results are already being seen. madana is planning to begin to clinical trials of its m r n a. h. i v vaccines by the end of this year . so garrett is head of vaccine and pathogenesis research at the center for the aides program of research in south africa. caprice a. so many h i v back saying trials has failed miserably. what makes you think that these new trials stand a better chance of success? good afternoon to you, been and to hear us. thank you so much for inviting me. now,

just to say that at the moment there are 2 ongoing h. b vaccine trials. interestingly, they're using the dino virus vector platform, which is also used in the johnson and johnson corporate vaccine. the m r n. a technology is obviously new and has been applied to corporate vaccines, but not yet to h i v in, in human trials so. so we're really looking forward to that. there are some key differences between h v and koby too. so perhaps we're going to discuss that have been. so this is where h i v is benefiting from, from covered would you say? because in so many cases during this pandemic research into other diseases including h, i v a has taken quite a hit because of the focus on poet. yeah. so that's right. and some of our research,

she had caprice showing that the number of testing has reduced by about 50 percent h i v testing and also then be treatment initiation. and you know, everyone knows that the treatment is really key for keeping people healthy and, and prevent death. so these are key you and h targets. so we suspect that both sides, that there's been a lot of diversion of resources stuffing, and also the oratory resources to cobra testing and in many loan in middle income countries. so now we have the covered vaccines because it's a buyers that affects the whole world and not just a certain minority of the population in so many countries as is the case with h. i b a. it's yes. so this was obviously a pandemic that it absolutely everyone across the globe. and it's been a huge, huge effort globally and, and massive mobilization. so many of the research is also actually helped with

running these trials because we had the clinical trial platforms all set up across the world really. and so in terms of h r v, there has been funding over the years. it's just a much more difficult virus to find the nature of the vaccine against than cobra. with coal, we were very lucky that we found the right target, which is the spike protein on the call it. and we managed to elicit very strong antibodies against this by protein that the virus uses to attach to these yourselves, in the lung in h r v. that is a lot more complicated. we've been comparing it to covert but in comparison to something like the flu. i think people find it interesting. the variability of h i v in an individual exceeds the global sequence variability in the influenza virus during a whole season. is that what makes h, i v so hard to fight? yes. so you're, i've been, there's a enormous genetic diversity in

h i v. so if you look at the sequences that for example, and cold the, you know, the shell of the virus. they can vary by up to maybe about 35 percent between viruses of the same type of h i, b. and then there's very high what they call mutation rates. so the virus itself and evolves very quickly. and the human being was for example, the call it vaccine or other flu viruses. they may have, you know, maybe quite stable like 95 percent of the teen or may be very stable and it's just one or 2 mutations that may change. and then, you know, you obviously then also get the problem with the famous barrier. yes. and the vast majority of h i v infected individuals only produce weak strain specific anti bodies. but some re, individuals do make potent antibodies against a broad range of mutations. those anti bodies a highly unusual,

but scientists to have them in their possession, don't they? yeah. so this is actually a very interesting part of a chevy research currently. so caprice has been involved in a lot of broadly, neutralizing antibody research, which is very strong antibodies. they have been isolated in some ran individuals as you say, and we've been managing to essentially make them now in the reactors. and we can give them to human beings as what they call passive immunization, which is not a backseat, but it giving the antibody directly for h r b prevention. now the real challenge is now to elicit these antibodies through vaccine. and i think that's again where maybe m r n a vaccines could come in because they have the potential they, they're very easy to manufacture and quite cheap as well. they can be delivered with these liquid nano particles to the body. and then the body can make so called

immune protein, so we call them in units and administering multiple immunizations could then elicit potentially making up the strong antibodies in a human being in natural infection. it takes about 3 years in an infected person to elicit the very strong antibodies, so to continuously involving antibody race with the virus that's been also quite well described. and not let me just ask you briefly to the question, i asked you what the very beginning, how, how much hope you have them considering the m r n a technology that's been developed and these other bright sorts. so i'm extremely excited like many of my colleagues about the technology, and there has been some animal studies. all right, ready that have shown some if you can see of these of these m r n a vaccines for to prevent the, the monkey club equivalent of h,

i v. and we are looking forward to some human trials. i think, as you know, maybe some of us as well, and we're interested in these, this technology and taking this forward. so i think we have great hope that this will help us on the path to nature vaccine soon. excellent, great to hear nigel garrett from caprice are there to have you on the show today. thank you. let's check now with eric williams on the topic of coping vaccines stealing the spotlight. ball. gave it 19 vaccine production compete with the production of other vaccines. oh, i do see manufacturers such a vitamin in the machinery of global health care. i found it surprisingly difficult to nail down firm numbers when i began researching this topic. hard information on production figures was pretty scares and, and the supply chains involved are pretty convoluted. however,

non coven vaccine manufacture has, i think, certainly taken ahead as resources continue to be thrown as stopping stars covey to even straight forward bottlenecks. like shortfalls. for instance, in medical grade glass biles, they will have serious knock on effects and, and the massive wave of october 19 in india, which is often called the pharmacy of the world. because so many vaccines are made there about will in the very nature of hong production flow down for other vaccine as, as resources are diverted to the production of cobra vaccine. but even this manufacturers are making less vaccine for other diseases. supply side issues are just one part of a looming problem, which is that in the course of the pandemic demand for those other vaccines also

dropped a lot. new data from the cdc, for instance, shows that in the u. s. last year routine childhood vaccinations for things like measles or, or tetanus, fell dramatically as parents skipped appointments. afraid that they or their kids might contract cove at 19, at a doctor's office or at a clinic. and the same thing will have occurred in many other parts of the world, experts more and that all of those miss childhood vaccinations will be difficult to make up and say that in the mid term back could lead to spikes in the number of cases for diseases that before the pandemic were kept in check by vaccines, me as more good news before we go fully vaccinated, people in germany can now get a digital certificate on their cell phones to prove their status. huffman,

as they get sponsors, the goal is for the passport to be available by the end of the month at the latest to everyone who qualifies its intended to allow holders more freedom in the pandemic. thanks for watching. stay safe and see you again. with the green you feel worried about the meal of the on the green fence remains to join me for 6 sides of the green transformations for me, for you, for the plan. imagine how many portion of turn out in the world climate income stores. this is my plan,

the way from just one week. how much was can really get we still have time to go. i'm doing all the the a me me i can because you oh no. no.

i the the the festival they said never happened. got it red carpet and glittering gowns after all . who knew the international film festival from a special could really truly be a whoop in the par. welcome to us and culture from biting satellites, gripping drama, and ground breaking documentaries. the public enjoyed 5 days. a film shown in outdoor cinemas, across the german capital. and now 3 months late,

the jury has finally got around to handing out its coveted golden and silver baz. and of course, we couldn't talk about the berlin allah without bringing in resident film expert scott to box for welcome scott. so good to see you here in the studio instead of on skype. yeah, this is the 1st time back in the studio for a long, long time, and course this festival is the 1st time back at a real live festival which, which has a completely different feeling. now because it's happening in the summer, we had an online version of the building in march where the announced who was going to win. but there wasn't a chance for the public at least to see these movies or to see see the winners until now. and it's been great, it's been a real, i don't know, summer festival feeling. it feels more like a can film festival than ever linda vessel and you there and sunday for the big prize giving ceremony. it was long, long awaited and you fall this report that's take the, it's taken 3 months, but the winners of the 2021. bailey now la,

finally got to celebrate in style. the golden bear for best film went to a social satire from romania. that's fantastic. as they say in some gentleman's, a teacher's private sex tape is leaked triggering a witch hunt. the film is a bitterly funny satire on public morality in the online age. german actor, marin accurate, one, the silver bare for best leading performance, playing a scientist to test out a robot lover inside i comedy. i'm your man. my yeah. junior, that's the m a flu stick comes in. put in as super, dressed up as in alpha, a bizarre behind and tom here and the machine. yeah, this is midway just off the front and get us in a minute. the santa machine it is director, was looking i'm a gucci, came all the way from japan, received his silver, bare 4 wheel of fortune and fantasy, a trio of intimate dramas featuring women in tokyo at nakajima shouldn't be

later in the war. similar to the more almost like the city with the sooner they out this outdoor and killed it. accommodating barely knowledge is a big change from festivals past the summer special has succeeded in bringing the spirit of cinema back to the big screen. is this oh and if that and he looks like it's got now being a bit of a pessimist, i imagine they would be the when it would be beamed in. but they were there in person. right. and got a treat for the audience though it was great. and i mean that's been the whole idea of this summer specialist to be a return to cinema or cinema coming home if you will. and i was speaking to some of the actors at the ceremony. and once that it felt like coming out of hibernation

because, you know, so many film fans and people in general have been sort of walked in their houses, watching their, their movies on the little laptop screens. and it was very moving for me to actually be with such a large group of people again thinks in my as it meant to be seen on, on the, on the big screen. i also love it normally pessimistic and a bit cynical, but i thought it was incredibly new experience and really had the sense that movies are coming back again with the golden by went to a romanian film with a bit of a mouthful of a name. it's called good luck banging or even the pool of the wind is we're now back in march or the industry section of the festival. but just remind us, why did the jury choose this film? i think it's because this film is really it's pandemic movie. i mean, this was made during the cold, the pandemic, and you can see it in the film because all the actors have to wear masks on the screen while they perform. it also the film kind of completely insane. it's sort of captures the madness of this, of this past year. i think so many of us have felt. it's also formally incredibly

daring. it's sort of a part documentary. it's, it's part of theater play. it's part of film. as a very interesting film, it's also very, very funny. and i think after the year that we've all had, maybe even the bailey and the jury said, we all really need a laugh. okay, well, you've been at the film since the festival started last week. it's the 1st time in $71.00 additions that is taking place out doors and in summer, but the pandemic not over yet. so about took a bit of planning, right? yeah, i'll lot of planning and a lot of organization. i mean, it is very different than usual years, but it's going to be incredibly well. i mean, they have, you know, attracts and testing in front of all the reg carpets of their social distance. the, all the reg carpets is all open air. so that makes for, for, to be a bit safer. but i think it's going over incredibly well. and the spirit has been incredible. i mean, the people coming out celebrating cinema again, as i say, it's incredibly heartwarming for me for me personally. okay. now there's something else i want to talk with you about briefly and that is that the legendary actor ned

beatty has died. one of the hollywood greats of fabulous contact. how will he be remembered? yeah, very sad news. i of course heard as well. and it is sort of, he is probably, i remember this one of the great, great character actors. i mean, i think most people remember him from deliverance. his 1st film where he played a, a gentle businessman, who's brutally assaulted by hillbillies, been one of the actors who have, you know, mostly small roles. and he was proof that the fact are no real small role. he had a walk on performance in that work that earned him an oscar nomination. and he basically left his mark on dozens of great film. i mean, it was never the the star, but he always lifted whatever films he was in. and anytime you saw him on the screen, he knew you were in for something really, really special. and i think that's how we're going to really remember how he will be very sorely missed. indeed yet got rocks, but always as always, a found in a film with them. thank you very much for your insights. now,

what happens when a woman trumps in a marriage of convenience finds true passion in a tempest you with extra marital affair. while you can all go horribly wrong and el kush, mister shows us exactly how in her claims w. noble misses thought. taurus, the gripping psychological thriller is the latest book in our series. 100 german must read. how do you go on living after your 1st big love? leave here for another, for you ever love again? beverly to trust again. in the book, mrs. sartorius author alca schmidt. i writes about the beautiful margarita who loses her boyfriend to another woman. she then loses her voice and almost pleases her mind. out of revenge, she decides to marry the 1st guy who comes along. she becomes the wife of as sartorius

a dependable man who bores her half to death. she settles into the idle life of an 1. 950 house finally asleep in town and west germany in a strange are coming along his elegance and wealth spoken and mrs. our tourist doesn't stand a chance. she's drunk with passion. the affair is exhilarating. but there's a catch. the man is married to. and unlike her, he has no intention of putting his marriage at risk. the awakening is brutal. he was coming toward me with another man whom i didn't know. they were deep in conversation. and he glanced at me and acknowledged me with a nod. the way you acknowledge someone you know, but whose name you can't remember. so it was that simple relief. and as i sat on the john, i was sorry i hadn't been able simply to throw. i would have never dreamed that was

possible for 2 people who loved each other once to walk past each other. like that me sounds familiar. you may recognize a bit of madame bovary, or some other 1900 century romance novel about a woman disappointed by life, except that mrs. r. taurus does not make a good victim. the novel takes on another dimension, a thriller that remains unresolved till the very end. it's an explosive literary debut crisply written and dripping with suspects. ah, me. sounds like something you can't put down. now in western majority, dragon's office, fire breathing warriors, think lord the rings or game of thrones. but the thousands of years in china, dragons have been with the it is god like creatures who over the natural elements including the air. so it's hardly surprising that one of the animals popular with

traditional kites makers, as we'll see in our next report making tights, is a very intricate procedure. each movement, each stroke function down has performed them thousands of times before. it takes years to learn the different kinds of building techniques such a dog started when he was just a child. now he's 76 and still learning new tricks, whether possible for her. i was 8 years old when my grandfather taught me how to build kites, as you know, when he thought i was smart and hard working to show. but, and he wanted me to learn the tradition, how kind of what, who are poor. his flying creatures can often take 2 weeks to complete and can sell for up to 2400 euros. there are quite factories big and small all over the city of y fun. more than 70 percent of the world capes are made here.

school children here learn how to make kites in class. and rose, they march into the outdoors to test their creations. some work better than others . shot you bunch on. ha ha. i really want to learn to build a case to do that. but it's not just about me. it's about keeping a tradition alive. oh, hold on. i'm a little wife on the festival begins with a cloud of color each year. these vibrant figures, animals, and mythical creatures, fill the sky before crowds of up to a 100000 people ah, over it. and now we like to come here. the atmosphere is lively. everyone who likes kate's comes here, everyone's in a good mood, and i didn't miss your kite maker. dings one seeing is planning something special

kite that's 7 kilometers long. if he can get it to fly, it will be a new world record. the kites made of smaller kites strung together 3 meters apart . thought she felt like you normally, we only need force 3 when today we have 47. but we're still going to try the wind poles hard. a line of men tries to keep up to keep control of the world's longest kite. then nature winds out. funny it had you talk with the wind was too strong it toward the strain you use it for. like people, they can't withstand too much pressure. you can do it for what you want me, but things when she hasn't given up for good, maybe next time it will work. and that's part of the fascination keeping this tradition alive. ah, by looks like

a lot of fun. that's all from us on this edition. you can find more d, w dot com slash coach. follow us as well on facebook and twitter by watching and see you next time. ah, ah, ah. the new rush in the and the lithium and this like metal is the wrong material of the future . and it's essential for the expense mobility of creating political tension and threatening a fragile ecosystem. the mining region is right with controversy close up in 30 minutes on d. w. the. okay,

so the last season wasn't all about partying. course there was still plenty to celebrate. the emotional highlights of these in, in the 2nd part of our we have eaten minutes on d. w. sometimes a seed is all you need to allow big ideas to grow. we're bringing environmental conservation to life with learning like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and mental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can all make a difference. knowledge of growth through sharing. download it now for 3 a. how does the virus spread?

why do we panic? and when will all this just 3 of the topics that we've covered in a weekly radio broadcast. if you would like any more information on the kroner virus or any other science topics, you should really check out our podcast. you can get it wherever you get your podcast. you can also find us at ww dot com, forward slash science. i was when i arrived here, i slept with. people in a room says are nice to me. it was hard. got white hair is learning the german language helps me a lot. this keeps me and critical post unity to instruct you want to know their story, migrant verifying and reliable information for my grants. the

news this is, your name is ally from berlin needed to take a tougher line against russia and china for the 1st time nato leaders declare beijing, a challenge to global security. and they put mosque out on notice. will get analysis from washington d. c. also coming up on the show developers and a journalist and jailed after his flight was diverted to mint, appears at a news conference, the opposition, se, remind purchase stablish is being paraded at the hostage.