form bashed at tournaments, the last major success that the 2014 world cup in brazil demonstrated that big 3 against the tournament favorite france would go a long way to bringing back the feel good factor in german football. and with that, if you're up to date on the w news of next, it is doc film taking a look as what has happened since the early spring. the young american immigrants they know the police were stopped. they knew that the route is not a solution. they know their flight could be fatal, going back is not an option. shattered dreams starts june 18th, on d. w, i see

aram spring uprisings market turning point in the history of the arab world. the people risked their lives for freedom with the regimes collapsed while foreign powers also entered the arena. the militia groups spread fear and terror. after years of destruction and displacement, where does the arab world stand today? is there a new spring on the horizon? what do people now dream of the

the war in syria is part of the legacy of the arab spring. many in the west had once seen president bashar assad as a relatively liberal progressive figure. but he still showed his true colors. after the regimes into neesha and egypt were toppled the people of syria dare to take to the street in march 2011, to demand freedom, dignity, and economic reforms affect started punishing the towns that are rebelling, so depriving them of all infrastructure or services government services, let's say waste management education and then the page. so assad's was besieging the towns that were rebelling one by one. and so when i say besieging it means

there is no water, there's no electricity, there is no food there. is nobody coming in or going out wherever protests flared up, the regime isolated those who took part. this is holmes. one of the buckle points of the uprising, the garbage wasn't picked up for weeks, and the water supply was shut off. there was a growing danger of infectious disease outbreaks, hunger and holmes was widespread in 2011. the past thought had decided that if the residence in one area to the streets, he would punish that entire neighbourhood. might not. today, we just sat in some days. we have none. i'm sorry. regime kills our children and our brothers and sisters whose government is doing the syrians who lived in exile were deeply concerned about their compatriots suffering

. at the time. sima ben rabo was working in the united arab emirates. she created a network that brought together opposition activists from across the region. the author regime, she says, was it war with its own people? it is not as civil war because a civil war assume that they are multiple parties fighting one another in the case of syria as their routine fighting the people. so it is not a civil war. it's called the terrorism of the state against its own people. as the government crackdown intensified, some opposition supporters took up arms at the same time, they were now widespread desertion and our thoughts armed forces. mostly among members of the sunni branch of this one. they expressed solidarity with the protesters and refused to shoot at their own people. the, with

a growing number of syrians believing that i thought had gone too far, the popular support for his regime was falling fast. here and holmes, a military officer who had deserted, explains to volunteer militiamen how to protect themselves against snipers guns along to the gun. also, the government gave us orders that violated our oath. as soldiers we had sworn to protect civilians. when i saw what was going on, i deserted on june 2nd 2011, 30 visit depth in regards as the government campaign continued, they were fewer demonstrations and more st battles. as i thought, chose brute force the

large parts of syria soon bore the scars of a war zone. tens of thousands of people fled to neighboring countries like lebanon and turkey, from their many would make their way to europe. 10 years after the start of the resolution, half of this year in population, $12000000.00 people, half of them is internally displaced, and the other half is turned into refugees, which is considered by the united nations, the biggest humanitarian catastrophe in the 21st century assad constable for all of this, yes, until this day he doesn't acknowledge the existence of an opposition. my son's opponents failed to develop a common strategy. some of them wanted democratic reforms, others favored moderate islamist policies. this lack of unity created a power vacuum that allowed

a radical g hottest group to occupy large parts of syria. the self proclaimed islamic state attracted tens of thousands of volunteers from across the arab world. and also from europe and southern russia. by 2014 i yes, control the euphrates river region from aleppo and syria to felicia in iraq and even threatened baghdad. islamic state established its headquarters in rocker with its forces later occupying the iraqi cities of mosul and to crete. it then continued to expand throughout the region, reaching the height of its territorial control in 2015 islamic states. conquests in iraq and syria caused concern in turkey, which borders both countries refugees were pouring in. while would be jihadists

were using this down bowl as a transit point to enter the region. turkey saw an opportunity to expand its influence in the region. turkish president, friendship tie of air to one is and was closely associated with the conservative muslim brotherhood movement which was gaining influence in several countries in the middle east. and north africa area was sought to take advantage of this situation and make turkey the dominant regional power. it had been in the 19th century. so let your key function need on 1st, on turkey, nato members state supported the syrian revolution against. on the one hand, a lot of western aid for the syrian rebels came through turkey. but on the other, a number of young europeans were crossing from turkey into syria to become

jihadists on them. don't monsieur logan, as you don't go into one sort to use this chaotic situation to develop a policy that was both pan islamist and ultra nationalist. he's had a nice, nice kinda soon and he's officially air. the one was opposed to the growing power of islamic state. but in syria i, yes. forces were battling kurdish troops, which suited erewhon seeing the kurds as a serious threat. his strategy was one of my enemies enemy is my friend said, the relationship between turkey and his date was a tactical one. and i don't believe that the one in tennessee wanted to help us, but he saw this as a cost benefit situation is fine. of course, if turkey joined the fight against islamic state, him, it could benefit the kurtz visor than the ones talk foreign policy priority is to

prevent the current from achieving more political or political will take the took kurdish forces fared well in their battle against islamic state. thanks also to support from france and the us in the shape of arms deliveries and air strikes in syria and iraq. the syrian curds have close ties with the kurdistan workers party, or p k. k. considered by many a terrorist organization. but for the us, the fight against islamic state now took priority. in 2014, i yes. still held large parts of northern syria. but courtesy troops drove out its forces, ended the siege of co bonnie and in 2016 declared a better ration in areas that they controlled. turkey was alarmed by the success of the kurdish militias. former prime minister argument of total says the us was wrong

to support syrian kurdish groups, such as the people's protection units. the y p g u. s. for this reason or the prison told that b k, k affiliated groups like p y, d, y, p g, could be a partners and this disturb turkey. these disturbing women i was prime was, this is not the way we should. we should work as to allies particular is a terrorist or condition not according to 30, according to us, according to european countries. as the current western allies were impressed with the success of the militias, which also had female fighters in their ranks. but for turkey, they represented a growing danger. asked my boys, see, as they are listed scenario for the 1st time, there was a real possibility of a kurdish,

autonomous region being established. or even a kurdish state can wield on this represent a real danger for turkey interest. and that's why here the one has one overriding priority and his entire middle east policy is fargo and preventing the creation of kurdish stacy and on turkey border answer that so if i hadn't done air to one's worst fear the ethnic curse in syria and southern turkey could join forces on repeated occasions. he threatened to send troops into northern syria. that's who he, i mean, he knew this one goes more. i mean, he asked us forces wound down their presence in the region. turkish units moved into northern syria. turkey was no longer content to simply support the islamists that we have on to 71 now developed to policy that was decidedly nationalist and anti code is only c to k in the zone on the key. trying to create

a buffer zone that extended several dozen kilometers into syria. you could the, the aim was to prevent any co operation between kurdish bosses on either side of the border. and the kurds in syria were fighting in dash in october 2019. curtis leaders negotiated a deal with president bashar assad, syrian troops with deploy along the border to prevent a turkish military offensive. the deal was brokered by russia. i thought did not want to lose any more territory. this move plus the addition of russian air strikes against opposition, militias helped boost my thoughts chances of staying and power air. the ones efforts to increase turkeys presence in northern syria were only a limited success. meanwhile, vladimir putin took advantage of the situation to enhance russia as role as

a major player in the region. still in 2019 era, one was able to set up buffer zones inside syria, which also served to prevent the various kurdish militias from linking up with me. as with the arab spring itself, european diplomats did not play much of a role in negotiation aimed at ending the fighting and syria. they were more effective in trying to end the 2nd civil war that broke out in libya in 2014. in august 2020 german foreign minister, hypo mos traveled to libya in an effort to keep the conflict from spiraling out of control. when alice torn until you've been on fire to do it, we want to do everything we can to prevent libya from becoming a 2nd. syria, we're russia and turkey are involved, but no one else in loopy. and we don't want to see libya divided between turkey and

russia. but to prevent that, we have to play a larger wrong than vaughn 7 the the 1st libyan civil war began in february 2011 and the wake of arab spring protests and other countries . as elsewhere, the uprising against more more aug adolphe and the ensuing conflict divided and devastated the country. to gadhafi had been courted by western leaders, including then french president nicholas arcos, e g. because of libya, as oil reserves, the largest in africa, the west seemed content to ignore the dictators dismal record on human rights. as the street protests against his regime continued armed militia soon got involved . duffy's troops moved east and recaptured several cities that had been seized by rebels. unlike in syria,

the un security council authorized member states to use all necessary measures to protect libyan civilians. this included nato air strikes me or an intervention turn the tide of the war against gadhafi. he was now isolated internationally. gadhafi was captured and executed by opposition forces in october 2011. opposition forces, backed by military support from nato now rule the country. the military ends up being vivian vine relative if it's in the military operation against libya, relatively efficient europeans and especially the french who launched this operation, suffered few casualties as well under us and under the syria, whole range of my teaching players were involved with me. felix was not the case in

libya and in libyan, and a lot of world leaders seemed glad to be rid of daphne the, for us to show me the us and european military intervention destroyed good duffy's regime which paved the way for the success of the popular uprising, but the allies played no role in the political transition that followed on putting this lead to a disaster in which libya disintegrated into several warring factions. still these in turn prompted turkey, russia and others to intervene. ah, in the political turmoil that followed the fall of gadhafi rebels led by former field marshal khalifa, half tar challenge to the elected parliament in the general national congress. the opposition forces were backed by a coalition that included egypt, the united arab emirates, and russia. but augment botello in 2014 turkeys foreign minister

and then prime minister tried to move libya into his country's sphere of influence even today, although no longer part of the air to one regime. he says, this would be in the best interest of both countries. nobody can isolate 30 in the mediterranean. government can tolerate these livia as eastern mediterranean issue may libya as a, as an issue of national interest for certain, but presidents of turkey, turkish is to help the libyan intention. good and clear. nice. go. by 2019. the libyan interim government that had been formed in 2015 was under attack by opposition. forces led by khalifa, half tar. turkey. dispatched mercenaries to support the government, while russia backed the other side.

western libya, including the capital, tripoli is controlled by the internationally recognized government the eastern part of the country is occupied by half tars rebels. the conflict has become an international proxy war with turkey and cutter supporting the government. while russia, egypt and the united arab emirates are backing, the rebels escaped stop. the debt took high dates such as tacky, russia and the cameras the much less interested in pay. and they are expanding that b as of influence. ultimately about geo politics please. this is so i was just, i think of warden. this is the proxy war and it has to be contained in the 1st and because at some point in the international players may contract each other directly by time diesel often at least dates if anything want to expand the fear of influence. and unlike europe, they wouldn't have to deal with the consequences,

and these are the consequences. the european diplomats headed by berlin are now working to bring peace to libya. both sides in the conflict considered the germans, unlike france or italy to be impartial. negotiators german lead mediation did at least lead to a cease fire in october 2020. the airport at tripoli, which had seen clashes between rebels and government troops, soon reopened for a limited number of flights. but the peace talks have been complicated by a desire in the morning rushing and slam capacity for despite the arms embargo, her weapons are still being brought into the country. when don't my, both sides have violated the embargo from this. and both sides are bringing in foreign fighters inside. ah,

the hopes that a peace deal will help reduce the number of refugees trying to get to europe from libya. the 1st stop for many refugees is the italian island of land, but deuce just 300 kilometers north of libya as coast ah, many of the refugees are intercepted by the libyan coast guard and brought back as part of an e. u funded system that has been criticized by human rights organizations against a will, but it says mackenzie wants to mind. jazz. migration is a very sensitive topic across europe in libyan. so we want to see libya develop functional state structures that can deal with the situations. a stable libya is in the use interest. libya as interim government hopes that the europeans will help extend its authority across the entire country. but turkey and

russia likewise continue to push their foreign policy agendas in the region, adding another layer of complexity to the peace process. because ultimately, libya fate is in the hands of regimes. in cairo is done bull, moscow, and abu dhabi. the german government is trying to keep both sides and the conflict from insisting on a military solution. the youngest was white and submissive. site says it has to expand its engagement because the other side has done the same. and that makes it extremely difficult to achieve a political solution, because i'm still believe that a military solution as possible. i don't want, we can end the spiral of violence only with the participation of both sides and their foreign supporters. of course, germany's diplomatic efforts are also complicated by contradictory aspects of the

use, middle east policy the e. u claims to support freedom and democracy, but has often fact leaders who primarily serve europe's interests. a case in point, the united arab emirates, where human rights issues seem to become secondary european reale politic bore a betrayal of european values. i think that the biggest mistake that the west always makes is this obsessive quest for stability. you know supports for leaders like nobody can egypt or even in directly for aside and serial or others in the region has only brought long term endemic stomach problems to the region which end up blowing up in everyone's face. and it's

unfortunately a vicious cycle because the reaction than in europe is all. we must stabilize because migrants, refugees, poverty at our doors. so let's push the border further out into the, into the mediterranean, into north africa. to make sure this problem doesn't come to us. in lebanon, longstanding economic and political problems may yet produce a popular movement that resembles the original arab spring. for years, they root, also a regional financial hub, seemed and a waste of tranquillity. as war raged in neighboring syria, wealthy syrians and gulf arabs support their money into local real estate and other reasonably safe investments. a stable lebanon seemed to be in everyone's best interests, not least with the mask as just being a 2 hour drive away from a route. but that stability and fear of change have also led to gridlock in the country's political system. by tradition, lebanon's prime minister is always

a sunni muslim on harry served in this post from 2016 to 20. 20. the country's president is always the maronite christian, while the parliament speaker is a shia muslim, the system is based on lebanon's 3 largest religious factions. it may seem equitable on the surface of the setup has also led to nepotism and corruption. and lebanon's government has proven unable to deal with the countries severe economic problems. a route born journalist came, got us, says the people have had enough. and now demand real performs every country in the region is fighting its own internal battles. it has its own internal dynamics, but it's also all interconnected as part of a larger system. the arab uprisings happened, and lebanon was not part of that wave, initially,

but it rejoined it more recently in 2019, with the protests that took place in october and continued throughout 2020. in the summer of 2019 thousands gathered in bay route for protests that continued for several weeks. the beginning of a new era spring movement, the uprisings and the protest 11 are part of the bigger picture. they're part of the uprising in general against injustice against corruption against oppression. but then you have the local dynamics that are specific to lebanon because you don't have sha militias in egypt. you don't have sha malicious intent is just as in the original arab spring countries. the situation in lebanon is complicated by the presence of a militant religious organization has been law, a sheer political group that also has a powerful security apparatus. in the 2019 demonstrations organized troublemakers

often clashed with peaceful protesters. in this case, they broke through a police cordon and battled security forces. such disruptions are common during political protests and lebanon. has been law itself, has said that the demonstrations threatened the stability of the lebanese government while denying any involvement in the counter protest via the us germany and several other countries have designated his belong as a terrorist organization. but it is definitely a force to be reckoned with in lebanon. its political wing is represented in lebanon's cabinet. and the current parliament, while its militias have helped to maintain assad regime across the border in syria . has belie also has close ties to iran and is considered by many to be toronto proxy in the region. so no mati from jimmy. i'm up to you as well as

presented themselves as those who fought for the rights of the oppressed for the poor, for the occupied cetera. but over time, as they entered politics, politics corrupts even resistance. movements, which is how they were described by many people, and seen by many people in, in, in lebanon. and they've become part of the corrupt establishment. the corruption is widely believed to have played a part in a massive chemical explosion that rocked a route in august 2020. more than 200 people were killed and 7 and a half 1000. others were injured. the area around the ports of a route where the blast took place was raised to the ground. almost 3000 tons of

ammonium nitrate have been stored in a warehouse without proper safety measures and was likely triggered by welding work . critics said, port officials should have moved the material to a different location but didn't, because of corruption and poor management. the nonprofit organization stepped in immediately to help the victims. these groups included in n g o called development accessible for all which provides aid for poor families throughout lebanon. the office bounder is paula yuk. of young. here she shows the extent of the damage caused by the blast. in yucca beyond resigned her seat in parliament shortly after the explosion in protest against corruption and mismanagement in lebanon's government. the ticking bomb,

there was dentist in beirut, under our nose, there's the government, the president, they all knew about him on you mean the roots and they did nothing and we trusted them for so long with just the christian leader that he was christian. and the thing to do with cindy and she, i know they're not, they have nothing to do with god. there's a bunch of devils trying to rule a country of who people of divided people while an investigation entered, the disaster was launched. there has been political interference and a lack of accountability on all sides for explosive material having been stored in the port. paula, yoko, beyond the hopes that the people of lebanon will demand reforms aimed at breaking the sectarian franco hope that these groups have on lebanon's political system in

she says people are tired of having their lives controlled by what she calls the lebanese mafia. i wish to have a country where my son can go to school and come by safety. i wish for the country where we can breeze clean air, have clean water, have an economy, have a future where everyone is free to think whatever they want, everyone to speak to, to dress up the way they want. and i mean, we're still fighting for our basic needs. the protests and lebanon continue, but most people have little hope that things will change. some have already emigrated here, as in many other countries, the arab spring failed to bring about the reforms that people demanded as in lebanon, demands for arab spring style reforms came late to iraq. life here,

over the past 2 decades, has been chaotic. the international intervention to topple saddam hussein. the rise and fall of islamic state. sectarian violence between shias and sunni's and an economy in ruins. but for all the all ruby, the problem is not primarily about sectarianism. he blames a powerful and corrupt elite for the current political and economic situation in iraq and show in law. and sure, we've seen injustice theft and the conscious squandering of public funds. and it's being done by the same people again and again. this is a huge revolution that can change things today, tomorrow or in the future. in october 29, thousands of iraqis demonstrated in bagdad terrier square them. and when i

got there, i was surprised at the size of the crowd and how diversity was it enough and they were demanding one basic human right dignity of the dignity that iraqi people deserved cut on with that dignity was stolen from us. and we wanted back how much lou sonya did the demonstrations. he witness signal the start of an arab spring style movement. the demands of the protesters in 2019 were certainly the same as they had been in other countries, dignity and anger over corrupt politicians. oppression had a lack of prospects for the young generation as seen previously from tunis and ban gauzy to cairo and damascus. that anger prompted the people of baghdad and several other iraqi cities to take to the streets. when the protests intensified, security forces fired tear gas rubber,

bullets, and even live ammunition. the demonstrators had a new found sense of unity, regardless of religious affiliation. upon us, being a blade can be some people, men for disease without food. we helped volunteers bring food to the people who are gathered that we are square by enough and we didn't know whether those people were sunni or she didn't care. no one paid any attention to what religion you belong to . let me know, call me with kill him. applause, he in november 2019. iraq's prime minister stepped down. after the country's top shia cleric condemned the government violence against demonstrators. sporadic protests continue as a rock remains a fragmented and fragile state. what is the legacy of the arab spring?

civil wars have arranged for years and libya, syria and yemen which have escalated into international conflicts in egypt, the military remains and power led by president and a former army general of the bottom of the royal families and saudi arabia. rain and kuwait have managed to preserve the status quo their counterparts and morocco, jordan and oman responded to popular protests by adopting limited reforms in algeria, lebanon, and iraq. there have been occasional demonstrations, but the political establishment remains and power mass protests and so done in 2019 prompt at the resignation of the countries president. only tunisia has enjoyed peaceful transitions political power based on

a new constitution. ah, despite tunisia success that reform the country faces enormous economic problems including high youth unemployment, many young people leave for europe or the gulf states to find jobs. but tunisia, the democratic system is working. a new president was elected in 2019 ah, among those casting of vote at that time was lena ban henney, a well known activist author and blogger, who spoke out to demand social and economic reforms. in a 2019 interview, she told us that there is more to democracy than free elections was for let you use this. so i would like to see the people of tenicia achieve all the goals that we had after the revolution had the dignity and prosperity. so important,

and so they're like, he's the call now and we also have to work our way out of the economic and social crises that we now need to. most tunisians are proud of their new democratic system. hardly any one wants to see a return to the dictate tauriel policies of president ban ali, who was ousted in 2011. the and many women have followed in the footsteps of lena ben, many who died in 2020, at the age of 36. after a long illness, ah, poverty is widespread in tunisia is rural regions. few people have the money to buy farm land from the big landowners or the government. so many work as day laborers. but there has been some progress. for example,

in the town of gymnast and central tenicia in 2011 local residence occupied in nearby date plantation. since then, they've continued to work the land. they use the profits to hire more workers and to invest in infrastructure projects. but their claim to the land has not yet been officially recognized by the courts. omar honda was among those who took over the plantation. it was the 1st work that he'd been able to find in years. if not the thought of. when the revolution began, this was the only place around here where we could find jobs. we worked for the landlord. but then we reclaim the land that rightfully belonged to us. about the gym and some local young people joined us and we kicked out the landlord. well, i'm going to have to look at them and luckily we were able to do it peacefully with

100 digital. i just under 40 percent of tunisia, population are under the age of $25.00. about one 3rd of young people attend college, but youth unemployment is high at around 36 percent. the jobless rate for women is even higher. but in the coastal town of book, laura, one woman has made a name for herself. well, like the mayor and you call it all started when i was walking home from the university one day when passed through the market fit i noticed that there were only men there not a single woman and what i said to myself, as soon as i'm done with my studies, i'll try to fix the situation with a de met and i've always believed that i could know it and people don't make an

effort to change things. nothing will happen. lisney though, i'm not the human plague is tunisia is youngest, female mayor at 1st, the local fisherman ignored her. they didn't want to take orders from a young woman, but at least now they talked to her a little comes from a religious family. her father isn't a mom and he now accept the fact that his daughter wants to be a role model for the community. that's my mom. and i wish i could. i've always had the motivation and the passion and know him. and after the revolution, i want to do something important with my life, and that's why i decided to get into public service for people. and why shouldn't i

quoted with chick i wanted to show that a woman here can go out and work effectively with man. then i also wanted to motivate other women to do the same as i did while in in some local women have followed the lead and entered local politics. and more and more men are getting used to the idea of having a discussion with a female mayor. ready perhaps the best way to bring about long term change is to start at the grass roots level. after all, most revolutions start out small. the quest for freedom, for justice, for dignity, are not over in the region. a lot of people use the word, the term arab spring to describe what started in tennessee in december of 2010, which was easy, the vegetable vendor who wanted dignity. he wanted a job,

you wanted income, but he wanted dignity. he wanted to be respected as a citizen, as a human being. and that then went through and has done egypt and syria with some successes here and terrible failures there. but i think that the uprisings are ongoing, and we continue to see them in sudan, in algeria, in lebanon, in iraq. it's an ongoing quest for a better future. the arab spring was a major turning point and the history of north africa and the middle east. everyday citizens learned that unpopular rulers can be overthrown. thousands were killed in the chaos of revolution. but many people are continuing to take up the challenge of creating a more just society. the arab spring may have ended,

but its legacy lives on the the ah, the okay. so the last season wasn't all about partying. course there was still plenty to celebrate. the emotional highlights the seasons in the 2nd part of our week minutes on d. w. the against the corona virus pandemic now

has the rate of infection in developing what measures are being the, what does the latest research say information and context a can really virus updated because the central monday to friday on dw, sometimes a seed is all you need to allow the big ideas to grow. we're bringing environmental conservation to life with learning. like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and mental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can all make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing, download it now of the me

the news news. this is either be news live from berlin, a land log truth that joe biden to europe, to repair relations. and it's all about trade, the european union, and the us on the cut off a deal that could result a 17 year long across. that's the, the dispute lifting the threats of billions in punitive terrorists, also coming up thousands, turn out to show their support for l. g b t q right in hungry but putting your prize out for public display.