a few, rob you are connected to the world ah, experience our standing shopping and dining offers, enjoying our services. be our guest at frankfurt airport city managed by fretboard. oh the ah. this is the w news, and these are our top stories. poles have closed in iran after friday's presidential elections were voter. turnout was reportedly load. iranian official extended voting to encourage light come to cost the ballad, but many said they didn't support anyone in the rice optimized reformist or moderate candidates were bod, from running. many voters also stayed angry over the impact of international sanctions and rising unemployment. german chancellor under the medical that has

welcome french president manual, not calling to berlin to discussing franco german cooperation ahead of next week. european council meeting in brussels, pandemic restrictions main. this is the 1st time this year the chancellor has welcome to visit from abroad. it's likely that this will be medical and macaroni long to form a meeting as the chancellor is not standing for reelection in september for the united nations general assembly has elected antonio. good terror as to a 2nd 5 year term as secretary general. taking the oath of office, mister tara said he would work to build trust between large and small nations, and promised to draw on the lessons of the cove at 19 pandemic. this is the w news from berlin days more now website t w dot com. ah, ah, the,

the welcome to out saying culture. today we bring you some odd pairings that make for interesting viewing, and tasting. and west side by side. an exhibition showcases objects from the format to germany's can you tell the difference and we visit the kitchen of a canary with that, he's carved to korea out of inventive flavor combinations. the 1st to israel, where the end of benjamin netanyahu is 12 year will have divided the country. one young is wally. he was never been afraid to speak. her mind is musician. no got air . as her 1st album, off the radar was released in 2017 to critical acclaim. a 2nd kids came out this year and she's just embarked on an international to her. her signature style combines the pers no and the political the every day with the extraordinary. and i

knew it's never shy away from control was the mom mom, i know where to go. no future insight in her song. bad habits is really musician. no get errors evokes a dark and angry vision i was born and angry person. this song was sparked by the feeling that her world was disappearing more and more . the way eric sings about that has had a nerve with a lot of young israelis rage up the world with a booming beat. like the injustice is something that would always keeping my mind busy when i was a young girl, when it came to the smallest to the largest things like how could it be that way? and i had a lot of energy to channel towards something and,

and i think my parents realized that and just whatever it is that i wanted to do, they were, they were like, ok, let her do that. i really have she's the musical voice of the new generation, liberal enlightened, self confident. the only i was in but a burning on the never miss one more when eric things about celebrating, being alive as in the song end of the road, then it isn't a hollow pop music cliche coming as she does from a country in a perpetual state of unrest, intel of eve, where no go areas lives the middle east conflict as part of the daily reality. still, she doesn't see herself as a protest. singer me the every time music is defined as political music. while my instinct is to say, it's not political,

it's just living here, makes some incidents, a part of life. things have happened to you, your parents, your grandparents is just, it's just a part of life. but you know, that creates some kind of a atmosphere and it makes people who they are. it designs the texture of humanity here. there is find her topics within israel's internal areas of tension. in the video for bug canada, she wraps her arm with a strap used in prayer, in jewish orthodox communities. it's reserved for men, for many ultra orthodox jews, televi with it's largely secular orientation. is considered a city of sin, as opposed to religiously dominated jerusalem. the in and look at

areas things about these contrasts. she writes her songs with her partner already. so the 2 usually start out by finding the right sound. we would have an open microphone and had one of us would be just improvising and brushing things. but even though it happens in such intuitive way, eventually we build as we'll build songs around that after having conversations about what is important to us. and they are very intimate conversations because while we have that ability, we're not just music partners, we're life partner is nicole the conclusion that i got to after you know, thinking a little bit about what the world would be. i was like, we're not ready for this. we're not ready for the world to be right. in 2018 palestinians in gaza,

sent paper kites carrying incendiary devices into israel areas, things about those attacks and her song fire kites in it. she tells us how war is as much a part of growing up for young women as their 1st time having sex. we don't need bombs, she things from the perspective of the supposed to the enemy. we got fired. me. i still need know, get areas is able to put herself in someone else's shoes. so does her music have a message of peace? will i make peace with my music? is music doesn't have that power. music is a beautiful thing. as i said before, is a religion to me. i mean i'm, i believe in the god of music, music doesn't have the power to change reality. it has a power the way i see it,

i think some people would be angry, but i think the way i see it, but the one thing that music can do is to help other people realize that they're not alone with what they're going through. maybe i'm wrong, i don't think i'm wrong. i checked now could you tell the difference between objects with identical purposes from the former east and west? germany's well you can test or if it's the vitro design museum in southwestern germany near this with border home and household objects are displayed side by side . in an exhibition charting the similarities and differences in post war design in the rival states following germany 949 division o 2 german states, 2 political system of the table where from both looks similar, only close inspection reveals which designs came from east or west germany, that's the surprising revelation of this exhibition at the v

t. her design museum invited. i'm behind and isn't this east german tv just cooler than the west? german one. the g d r. leadership wanted to implement an unmistakable east german look for its products, but they proved unpopular with consumers and east german designers continued the traditions established by the pre war bow school to all fighting countries of design was meant above all to serve people. but in germany, the approach for designers was to produce for the massive if i have applied to my products, clear modern lines produced quickly, like with these shelving systems, they could be found in almost every east german home. by the name of the spring. i didn't want to force anyone and say that this is how it has to look. my ambition was to allow the users of my designs, a great deal of room for their own ideas, belong to life. designed in west germany, manufactured in the east,

a garden chair known as the venison bag egg. today, it's considered a design icon. and that's exhibition runs until the 5th of september. now to a man who's whipped up culinary magic, none less than angle macro and queen elizabeth the 2nd german chef. hi co and today rich applied scientific techniques to cooking, transforming the mundane into the extraordinary is unorthodox flavor pairings of and him accolades. his new book aromas published this year. lift the lid on thousands of recipes. our reporter asked him about a few of them. strawberries with mustard. at 1st glance, this seems like an odd combination. but it's recreation, or should we say discovery of jeremy? hi, go on to name, which he said i described myself as being a common area roemer researcher. and what we do is defined by the term food

pairings or labor pairings. we find new taste compositions to fin, producing recipes in which cauliflower is combined with chocolate sauce, or p right, who with eldest flour, foam and bacon. yes, and started his career as a classically trained chef. this 1st restaurant was awarded a mission, all star back in 2001. today he's focused on the future food preparation. he approaches cooking like a science and such trends in the gastronomic world. fine or the p. neil and i was one of the pioneers of molecular cuisine in germany. and i wrote a handbook guns to beat or temperature controlled water bath cooking. that's nice, the sand i've written about flavor and aroma pairings. my all could take one to me that you like. kitchen is located in dark and in north fran westphalia,

experimental chef and author doesn't have to go far to find subjects for his research. at a nearby park, he discovers them japanese not. we'd also known as donkey rhubarb as a yep. i've taken a young stock of the donkey. rhubarb. that's easy to cut. come you can eat it just like a piece of ra. rhubarb is dark in your garden and in many places not really considered a pest. but for anthony, which the wheat is a source of aroma, to extract the case in its purest form, he cuts the lease and stem into small pieces. finally, truck not weed is then mixed with water and placed into a rotary evaporator. in the process similar to distillation, the mixture heated and condensed to produce, in essence, the result, this sweet fluid. what is it? how does i'm? but what's in here is really something i'm, it's an aromatic, concentrated rhubarb, with green notes soon in order. and you can smell the acidity,

which is what we want to work into our dish. now the government, i know by german chef and cater or folk boycott, often consults, professor antony, which as he's known to colleagues worldwide tyco and leverage advice and inspire them to create unusual recipes like chicken breast, with white chocolate, vice and spark marcus, orange line, chilly, carmen and white chocolate minutes. the combination our turning all the ingredients into a rounded ho wonder i have no, that's a talent hypo henderson does, which i like to require from him again from him. and the 1st comes the crush card and then from steaming chicken broth. in which chicken breast is cooked over low heat. meanwhile, the asparagus associate in a frying pan and dose with orange choose the coach chicken breast is removed and

set aside, and white chocolate melted in the bras to finish a gosh, if not sweeter. oma and the chicken japanese not weed and the chocolate will have notes reminiscent of rashly cut green grass queen. of course it doesn't taste like that, but you can altogether and each note we recognize here comes together on the place, makin cling of them 10 to them. with this food pairing high co engineer, which takes advantage of the aromatic interplay of the individual ingredients in the right balance. it produced a surprisingly diverse case to experience. i'll take the chocolate all by itself every time. that's your arts and culture fix for today. but for true attics, there's our website, that's the w dot com slash culture for me and the whole team here in an extremely summary berlin catch. next time

me get some hot tips for your bucket list, the magic corner check hot spot for me and some great cultural memorials to boot w travel off. we go young moroccan immigrants. they know the police will stop that the route is not a solution. they know their flight could be fatal, but back is not an option. shattered dreams starts june 18th on d. w. me. ah,

ah, hidden from sight is a kingdom that rules all live on land. or landing. we have this coding that's falling right now. all around your food are in your lungs are on your skin there. each thing you touch for each place you go me. a single interconnectedness could be described as a 3rd mode of an alien world of powerful ancient life. business hire a web of life. it's connected, it's connected through the fungi. some of those will save us some of those threaten us, and we're just beginning to understand which are which i say

shaped our world and hold the key to our future. this is the fungal empire. the news oh, sunday or no plans? no animals, a team in their own right. the many people think of some of plans perhaps because they don't interest. they just sit there for the fact funky, much more closely related to animals and they also plans and like animals they have to each other organism the,

when we think of fungi at all, we think of mushrooms, but these are just the fruiting bodies, a small part of the fungal life, that's all around us. the the main parts and the fungus is a whole months of fine sentiment, which together for what is called the my c m, the, my sylium is the actual body of the fungus. it spreads through the soil, eating everything in its path, and even penetrate solid wood, can get there by physical penetrating force, but also by producing enzymes which digest, in the to growing into these enzymes are the teeth and claws of fungi. we're very familiar with single celled organisms could be bacteria and multisite or all them. so plants and animals, the fungi, unusual because they are a single,

interconnected network. so much is unknown almost every time we do an experiment, we're seeing something that nobody else has ever seen before. the whole of growth and development depends on what's going on in their environment. animals and plants for an animal. once you've got your arms and your legs, you don't grow a new one, depending on whether you need it or not. unlike animals, the body of the fungus is constantly changing shape in a relentless search for food keeps putting and it can recycle material that's not useful and use all of that material to grow somewhere else. so it can actually migrate in the environment depending on whether it can find food on. during a 1000000000 years of evolution, fungi, i have become the masters of survival. the funds you've been around so long means

they've had a long time to figure out the best way to do everything the best ways to be lethal, where they kill the things they fight a 1000000000 years of experience and during the hard work of living. ah, we have much to learn from this mysterious kingdom. we know less than one percent of the estimated $5000000.00 species of fungi. we're still incredibly ignorant about these organ and every time you breathe, then you're breathing in hundreds of species of fungi and even those funds you studied for hundreds of years are really basic things. we don't necessarily know about them. microbial explorers rob done. and men want to discover how fungi can change our lives. we don't have to go too far off lands or it's just in places because there's new species underneath our feet. with each new

species is the promise of a new compound that could be the next greatest antibiotic or a chemical that could cure cancer or something that we don't need to know what it could do yet. we've become really interested recently and trying to figure out how do we find not just any new fun good, but bungee that might be useful to people. and so in some cases that monday we might use for making new kinds of fear. in other cases though, we're looking for funds that might be able to break down dust real ways human ways will need funds to help us deal with that. most of the cool stuff nature can do, we haven't discovered yet. and so we systematically look and we bumble around a little bit. it's cool barks like a magical thing you missed and any kind of drama can be playing out underneath it. the microscopic mystery inside

a microscopic and we need some way to guide us toward understanding all of this mystery. and so i think never lucian, or a history serves the company. the guy that appoints this in a direction. ah, this is the great untold story of how fungi shaped own life on land. and to understand it, we need to go way back in evolutionary time. the a 1000000000 years ago, planet earth was waking from a prolonged ice age. retreating glaciers revealed a barren landscape. and yet, from this bleakness came, all of the abundance of terrestrial life, me in the lava fields of

iceland, we see evidence of the 1st colonizers. i'm really excited to see what, what's, what's living here, that we're not seeing. forgetting some on these rocks, there are signs that microscopic fungi were among the pioneers of life. but a 1000000000 years ago terrestrial earth started to be colonized by microbes in those micro saluted bacteria and eventually also fun g in for us to like communities. the 1st terrestrial fungi survived by mining minerals from rocks. they were literally carving out an existence. when we look at a volcanic landscape like this one, it's hard to imagine that funds you have anything to do with the story. funds your fragile or rooms and heaney little microscopic spores and your funds. you're

precisely at the center of this story, because fun here. what turner rock like this in the soil, ah, fungi eat rock. they produce floors that release acid, breaking up the rock surface. fast growing fungal filaments, hifi then drill into the rock to extract a meal of minerals using pressure a 100 times greater than inside a car tire. the tips of the hi fi can shatter the rock. the what we're looking at here is it, is it kind of molecular mining operation? it's this sort of process through which bungee turn rock to life by mineral lighting, rocks, fungi, we're slowly laying the groundwork for the arrival of the 1st plants. but that next

step of colonizing earth was a big one. around 500000000 years ago, a group of algae started to move from the ocean to fresh water on land. but to get a foothold they needed to negotiate with the fungi, over water. all these in a solution of nutrients when they move to land, it's a very different scenarios. so it's very difficult then to be able to get hold of the water, nutrients that they need to grow. one of the major strategies very early on would have been to link up with this phone be that where stablished on land, fungi. at the time we're living on bacteria and decaying, see we'd washed up on shore. the arrival of land plants offer fungi an easier way to access food by exploiting

a living organism to get sugar rouses them, rather than having to excrete their own suggestive enzymes and then assimilate all the nutrients energetically. a lot less expensive for the fungus. so it makes economical sense. the algae that appeared in the lakes struck a deal with the fungi. they offered the fungi, sugars in return for a central minerals. this mutually beneficial relationship is a form of symbiosis. had became one of the most powerful forces of evolution. when the 1st algal sell hits the terrestrial ground, it was already ready to say i'm here. let's form a relationship. ready micro biologist, doctor eric home has re ignited this old romance between funder an allergy.

i'm always fascinated even in human relationships, who is going to hit it off and why? doctor holmes experiment shows that even 500000000 years later, fungi and algae still work together. so if i were to ask you how long do you think you guys could maybe form a symbiosis together, it doesn't seem like a foregone conclusion that they would form a partnership. yes. so they do form, they can form a partnership. and this is a result of just 7 days, so not with this amount of. so you put these 2 together, right? that are both just have like 7 days you get this? yes, they find each other. and so the fact that these are together, i mean, i mean really the algae are actually embedded somehow and i guess they're actually physically attached like arm and arm to me, this is pretty fantastic. and i love the idea that you're remaking this. that must

have happened. yes. and yeah, there's a beauty in that this cindy oh, since between fungi and algae opened the door to the evolution of all land plants. it was the biological big bang. that 1st jump with a big one and the greeting of the dark, dark land. 450000000 years ago. the earth was teeming with bizarre life forms. but nearly all of them were still in the ocean. ah, the land was void of animals, trees and flowering plants, only, mosses cushion the lava fields. and simple plants clung to the banks of rivers. ah, they have no relief. they have no. i'm so they were limited to just staying around

the water because they have no way of storing it or transporting it like they're algae ancestors. these early plans reached out to fungi for help. those funds would have been already well established in the, in the earth at that time. and they would have been able to go a lot deeper and get into smaller crevices in the, in the soil, and be able to sort of mine that soil not and bitter tom. those studies, the interaction between fungi and the oldest land plants, liver words. imagine the funky word making contact with this plan surfaces. this shallow growing plants, and they would be going around them rather than into them. as fungi explored them, liver words, they found their way in between the plant cells. some even manage to break inside

the phone, you were able to occupy the plants themselves and form the beautiful tree like structures which we call our skills. and it's through these oper skills that the plans are able to take phosphorus from the fungus and in return the plant gives the fungus comp and that it's generated through photo synthesis. ah, katie field can recreate the atmosphere that was around when fungi and liver words began cooperating. so what we've done is we've wrap the c o 2 right tops around 3 times its level in the current atmosphere. so some quick look and see what to doing in so this is one of my favorite live. what does it show you like, you know, so actually the most ancient lump lie on us today. and it's probably really similar to how the very 1st alarm plans were by 400000000 years ago. and as you can see,

it's really well under those high sierra, to concentrations in the cabinet, which suggests a fungus is doing its job and it supplying it with nutrients from the soil on the plans to really well. because of that, by working with fungi, liver words not only survive, they thrive, sucking up carbon dioxide and pumping out oxygen. these tiny plants gave the planet it's 1st breath of fresh air. and over time, they changed the composition of the entire atmosphere, paving away for complex plants. and so you end up with these much larger plants evolving which have leaves tomorrow, which are able to control the sphere to movement in so the leaves and routes which are able to allow the plant really big above ground. ever since nearly every plan has been nurtured by their symbiotic fungi. i am still

captivated by this whole idea of a plant that is alive that is healthy, and that is allowing another organism to grow in between itself and in to itself. and that not only is it allowing them to do that, but it's actually their iving a benefit from it. the me if i had not involved, it would be a very, very radically different looking kind of planet. we certainly within the here the, the golden age of the dinosaurs, the planet was exploding with life. 3 ferns and conifers dotted the landscape, but it was the fungi beneath the ground that was making all this possible kind of classic out of sight, out of mind type of organisms. but if you take a step back, the funny are really the organisms that are putting those plans there. as trees

developed, new types of fungi evolved. they formed partnerships with the roots of trees and gave rise to entire forests. lisa lineage funky that, able to do something quite different in the soil than what the early funds were involved in, allowing plans to call a nice land could do above ground. these new fungi are characterized by their fruiting bodies, mushrooms, but beneath the surface they form complex networks. scientists call it the wood wide web. in fact, there are 2 sorts of wood wide web. one sort is formed by the decompose, a funky, the rotter's, the break down dead plant material to connect between lots of different dead

resources. without these d composers wife in the forest, would soon be buried under dead material. fungi eat this material. and in doing so, they create new life, the garbage disposal agents of the natural world. they break down dead organic matter. and by doing that, they release nutrients and those nutrients have been made available for plants to carry on growing and otherwise all the nutrients on the planet will be locked up in dead stuff. the 2nd type of wood wide when is formed between living plants, especially trees hungry for food, the fungal filaments called hyfi search for tree roots. they enveloped the root and some find their way inside. here they provide water and minerals in exchange for sugars. but this is more than

a trade the entire forest is now connected through the fungi. if you sum up the distance traveled by the hifi just beneath a single foot, it would be more than 500 kilometers of hi fi, a vast network, that traffics and everything that for us need. the use is nature's internet and information highway that allows trees to communicate and even send out danger signals to each other. rather than a collection of individual trees, a forest operates more like a super organism. ah, connected by the fungal network, a lush and vibrant planet emerged,

but hundreds of millions of years of evolution would be blown away in a single moment. an asteroid strike wipe down 70 percent of all species. yet fungi, nature's ultimate survivor would turn the cataclysm to its advantage. the earth became, is fungal composed. think about it overnight, you have supervised. dust is kicked up. there is no sunlight, and you have all these decaying plant matter. the fungi then can reproduce very rapidly in this expanse of death, fungi inherited the earth and incredibly, without this catastrophe,

we wouldn't be here. and otherwise, insignificant animal groups survived the mammals, from which humans would eventually evolve. its thought that they were immune to the fungi, lethal onslaught. mammals was built in advantage relative to the reptiles, their hot, the reptiles, so quite separate from the diseases. but your typical mammal which maintains the temperature in mid thirty's or so create a thermal exclusionary zone for fungi. it's an intriguing theory. and if correct, the temperatures of warm blooded animals would be above the temperature, tolerated by most fungi, our total cost devoss team set out to test the hypothesis. so after today's call, either $25.00 degrees, which is ambient room temperature, or $37.00 degrees,

this is human body temperature. we can see that there are differences in growth. so on the 25 degree weight, we can see all 4 of these strains grew. but on our 37 degree plate, we can see 2 of those, and you haven't grown at all. and that's because they don't survive at $37.00, it happens to be visit the same ones that cannot infect people. the narrow margin protecting us from fungal pathogens is the difference between life and death. in america, millions of little bats are dying from a newly arrived. fungus. bass are like us, warm bloody. however bad hibernate in the winter. when the temperature drops, they become susceptible to this fungal disease. here is the interesting thing. if you take the bass when they are infected and you feed them, wake them up and let the temperatures go up. you're able to control this all of the

spot. when they are cold, their immune system cannot do it by itself. oh. busy protected by their high temperature, mammals were free to roam, to fungi dominated world ah, this is see the iceman victim of a neolithic murder. his body was perfectly preserved in the ice for thousands of years. and among his belongings were some intriguing items. there were 2 objects which were big nice there in the beginning they turned out to be fungi, pony, boars. we were thinking, could it be food, but you would not put them a lot of work in food to make it so nice. your meant that dr.

watson peitner is one of the scientists who studied these mushrooms. the evidence suggests they were much more than decoration. now we know that it's, it can handle your immune system and it will help you also against cancer against inflammation via the book area. so it has a huge array of medicine properties. these poly pores are the 1st recorded use of mushrooms as medicine. but for the iceman it meant even more. it was a talisman, was spiritual, like bringing this be discussed with you to protect you on your journey. ah, in western culture,

the power of mushrooms would soon be forgotten and it's only an accident that revived it. in 1928, fungal spores blew through the window of a london hospital. they landed in a petri dish in the laboratory of alexander fleming. this fungus called penicillin would change the course of human history. he looked at one of these unusual petri dishes, and at that interface between the bacteria and the fun g was a zone where nothing was growing. but he would come to realize was that was the where the funds were producing enzymes, chemicals that were outside of the body of the fungus and killing the bacteria. and that's the germ of the discovery of antibiotics. for most of history, humanity was decimated by bacterial epidemics. but since the 1st penicillin pill

world population has tripled and allowed us to build vast cities, changing the face of the planet respected had another 2000000000 people to the planet will need more food with that number of people will need more antibiotics. and so we're going to need to depend on funding more than we do today. ah, the life saving power of antibiotics is the outcome of an ancient war. fungi and bacteria are sworn enemies. whereas us on the growing, they come to bacteria and over millions and millions of years, they've evolved mechanisms to kill those bacteria. what bacteria are constantly evolving? and as a result, we are now facing a global crisis of antibiotic resistance. unless we find a solution,

hundreds of millions will die. the challenge is we don't have any new drugs. and what we need to do is find new ways to overcome this problem. microbiologist, jerry, right? wondered if fungi had evolved ways of overcoming bacterial resistance. and that meant returning to the soil, looking for a compound that might help to safeguard our antibiotics. guys, that's more for you. it came from the back of university. you can get anything cool out of it. we screened 10000 extracts that we had collected from microorganisms around various environments. and from the 10000 extracts we found one that had excellent activity of overcoming

resistance. we call it a m a for sure, because that's journal moraspy native's too much to say everyday. incredibly, this compound, produced by a common soil fungus as per jealous can restore the power of our antibiotics. and when i saw the result, i actually didn't believe it just seems it just seemed relatively too easy to do. but it turned out to be real. so every week, every month, as we continue to work on this compound and kept saying, well, can be used for pneumonia or can it be used for this kind of infection? every time we did this, it's an experiment like this. it was proving to be really effective. ah, when these fungal molecules were added to antibiotics, even the most resistance super bugs were defeated. i've been working in this field for 25 years. we've never had any molecule that's shown to be that potent and

that's insanely exciting. the kingdom of fungi is nature's chemical factory, offering immense benefits to humanity. already half of our 20 most valuable medicines are derived from fungi, including immunosuppression and collateral. lowering stephens, many of the new drugs we're thinking about are coming from from g and so in your everyday life there this magic set of, of compounds that we rely on. scientists are now investigating the benefits of a wide range of mushrooms for their anti inflammatory anti cancer, anti oxidant, and immune stimulant properties. a challenging thing for the scientist is trying to understand why they're doing it. and how do we tap into that and actually enhance our chances of.