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in 1993, the united nations established an international war crimes tribunal for the former yugoslavia the i c t y in the hey so the 1st time in history war crimes committed on all sides of a conflict were brought to trial has international justice prevailed. can this tribunal be a model for the future? there was never an expectation that presidents and leaders would be arrested. this will not give the most powerful demonstration that no one is beyond the reach of international chest. you have the proper traits, right there. have to sit there and become,

get up and shoot you because you're speaking about what they've done is the candidate, how do you plead, guilty or not? guilty, tied to this institution is a force that the need not a trace of justice need to room. we as your midst of knowledge will be removed from the courtroom. sometimes i find myself wondering what justice we were able to serve, inform you. we served international justice, but did we do the right thing? i use

you do reach out for will for kaylee laws across from so for my sentence issue is 15 years in prison with my mouse and now it took me a long time to find myself. but i still didn't figure out completely why the biggest question, why? why did i do what i have done? the one most, everything that i look back my past, it's always why. and it's very difficult. always to find the answers for everything . the

get the syringe for many people and i told them that i fun during war and i really did spend time together together. we had to curse together. we try, you know, basically everything that young man and want to have the, i had not thinking what you know, the best things can happen. ah, the disintegration of yugoslavia in 1991 led to a series of conflicts, europe deadliest since world war 2 more than one 130000 people died. at least 3000000 were displaced or became refugees.

it was in bosnia herzegovina that most of the war crimes were committed. part of the federal republic of yugoslavia both knew was home to 3 if necessities. the largest group with both in the acts, bosnian, muslims, followed by the serbs and croats. in 1992, the country became independent. but the bosnian serbs did not want to live in a muslim dominated country and formed their own state. they elected a nationalist leader rather than cottage as president and took up arms against the bosnian government were commanded by a former general of the yugoslav army throughout co march. the 3rd troops swiftly took control of much of bosnia was next and crow as were expelled from the conquered areas or killed in the media. the

term ethnic cleansing soon took home now in any war, civilians are possible. military call collateral damage. sure civilians die that they're not the main target. but in bosnia they were the main talk. the target was to drive those who are not said out of areas which says wanted to control in me. nice. you mentioned to was i sent it was and then i was 1st sorry i tripped . if i look back on it now, to sort of face as if she were living in a dream and the o because controlled the monkeys overlooking somebody a but they could snipe down the streets. i knew immediately, so people running,

nobody want everybody around the many leaks killed. but i think the world got to see and the germans did their job and showing what was going on. and then it's up to others to a couple of the governments of europe and the governments of the united states sat back and essentially took the decision. we are not going to intervene and this will, these bars and political folks have led nowhere and words until the western world through that has a true commitment. and this will be to go to agenda the well that if he's

your son, you know that everyone used to watch the daily assault on 38th own tv showcase. it had become a sort of routine identity. the true shock came with images of the concentration camp. michelle need of a may see a 2 people behind barbed wire. you know, it was like seeing images of world war 2, but in color and about an hour and a half life from paris. you know, i mean, publish a situation that cooled out the justice we've seen those images, i sit there and bells and how and the other concentration camps when they were liberated in 1945, that had an impact, a cry of. we can't be seen to be doing nothing and then be un came up with the idea of we should start a war crimes tribunal. and if you don't tell us, an international tribunal will prosecute war crimes committed in the former

yugoslavia and historic decision by the un security council. yesterday, the 1st such tribunals in the nuremberg trials today, we begin to cleanse the hatred that has torn apart before where you just lobby a few months ago. i said this will be no victor's tribunal. the only victor that will prevail in this endeavor is the truth. we must now move without delay to the next steps, particularly the appointment of the prosecutor and the selection of judges. finally, of this, we are certain the tribunal must succeed for the sake of the victims and for the credibility of international law in this new era. thank you very much. until the end, the last part of the 900 century, the concept preventing was in any other way than by taking the calls victory was never even cultural. you had the beginnings of international justice within your

trials, imperfect because they only looked at one side of the conflict, but nevertheless, they were very efficient in bringing people to justice quickly decisively. pictorially, go and ask your friends, show them a picture of glaring, sitting in the dock, 90 percent, what it is and then it stopped because of the cold war america viet now. the, what was happening with the ancient orange county bombing. they will wilcox has america being down by that you talk tribunal has completely changed the way people think. because now if you show a conflict, they're likely to say will send him for trial. the expectation that bad people

doing bad things in horrible conflicts get tried. but that's only 25 years ago. in 1993, the hake became the home of the new tribunal. judges, investigators and prosecutors were recruited from across the world to bring accused war criminals from the former yugoslavia to trial. he had masses of material from the former yugoslavia and material was coming in all the time. so we had to figure out what we had. and when you think you want to go out and help stop the conflict and somebody saying, organize your papers, set up your computer files. it's a hard thing to understand. the that word,

people from the united states and from great britain and italy all over the world and the, the atmosphere among those folks was it was high energy and a certain amount of excitement though excitement was a bit of a smile because no one thought we would be able to do anything. the meanwhile, the war continued in bosnia, cro, s, and bosnia x had also formed their own armies. the 3 if necessities were now fighting each other and civilians on all sides became victims during the war. i think it was inconceivable to any of the major actors there.

but any one of the rest of the world that any of those people would ever be hell would i talk to both cottages and manage and mention the fact that they were going to start an international war crimes tribunal for you responded and did they not both fear that they would be made defendants that wiped away the loop. they did not take the serious manager. no, no, no. what i'm doing is i'm defending my own people. so i will stand up in a closer look in the room. but it's, you know, i've done it. in the gap in the bosnian country side, the ethnic cleansing continued. many bosnia acts removed from the villages, found refuge in several. it's a small enclave, surrounded by serb troops. some 40000 people gather their isolated from the

rest of the world. died on shadow. that day i realized where i brought my children into a kind of vicious circle where we had no way out. we had nothing to eat, nothing to drink, name of the day, it was hopeless. such in 993. a un contingent was sentenced to bring humanitarian aid to the civilian population. the aides did put an equally 7 tuition. when the 1st convoy arrived and said, benita sleeve me, the tears were falling like rain from my eyes lost. somebody had remembered that we existed after here in that situation was not given up any hope for me and my

children. when the convoy came, it was like light at the end of a tunnel sign of hope that we would survive and that somehow things would get better than that. so basically, the when jean with the very 1st come boy of you in the command general movie itself, once it's sherburne said to see the situation, they surrounded malia that they believe. and then he declared that he was going to be a safe 8th. no, no, no. the, when you use those words, you put everybody on the spot because you, it is all of us. it's all the job. so the work we've declared that place dead to be safe and on the un protection clearly was false from it's

all and then came my sense another boys were running around. i remember in the discussion amongst people, most my parents that will how that came if not to protect us, but at least to help us. and it was only the later i realized that they came here to just observe our attention unfortunately. ah, a troop of un peacekeepers, blue helmets had been assigned to protect separately. they were just a few 100 of them and they weren't well equipped. up to 2 years of siege in july

1995 general march launched and offensive against the enclave. the buzz me i tried to fight back, but they were quickly over run by the truth. the un blue helmets put up no resistance basis or how to check for a to separate they based on the rest of the didn't know where to go read. just rated to be as to those to be killed. the general murderer. that's colonel tom cut a month, who was commanding the un peacekeepers inscribed in it's to organize

a meeting with the representatives of the bosnian muslims just in case you need to know what is the consequence abuse. first of all, the men of military age, though they shouldn't surrender to the balmy. they fled to the forest to precaution

. the father doors. he said to me up to you, you'll have to make a decision to go with me or with your mother ah. turned out to the motion of me. there was no time to think we should know you didn't even have time to think bye to my boys companies. everyone just started going. the members, some of the world leaders were told that women, children and the elderly should go to the un bass to school. he would that for 2 days and then we were put on the bus for sale of the over the course of 2 days, the serbs forcibly removed over $30000.00 women children and elderly men to refugee

camps in territory controlled by the personal government. there was no trace of the 8000 men who had tried to escape from stepped in through the forest door. nobody knew what had happened to the men. however, the journalist who had been covering the war since 992, said that a missing man is a dead man. the duty to keep a small team was sent to question the refugees of threat bernita. present all the while. i was very glad to be there and to get to work the remark. not even about the usual plan. as we arrived at 10 days after the fall of the enclave, and soon people started to arrive, who declared that they had survived. mess execution you so much

the i've always at the age of the left ever and it says my father and i just wanted to say my life. we just have arrived in the mass in the mall and shelling started i just right that they showed this number and then under the trees in the, in the moments i lost my father. and i just remember i was calling back in may and

i never, i never found him. and i just remember late the, the calling and invitation from the neighbor, calling us to sit and to get out to do to take that also. so my home up quickly here is his the goal a lot better than the let's face that and

the last the voice and they get out of this little finish and that's a good night. the trucks are on the road in the far from us. i remember that there was a loaded in the last one. i see

a lot of people in the balconies in november. i can get us know on today can say that they didn't know that the occasion for my i was here fire all the time in and they said that the stop in golf. so 5 people, america every morning and i know what is known and then what is in front of me. everything was happening so fast. it was a matter of seconds. they opened the fire and i not remember when i was hit on on my stomach. i was trembling

shimmering under her and run on the soldier and saying to other, you will check who has worn by the way when you have one more, more at this moment in front of my eyes and then closing my eyes vacant to be killed. it must have replied and he feels the same thing on my, on the a few months after this rebel in the semester, in the autumn of 995 international leaders press, had all parties to go to dayton in the united states and sign a peace agreement with the new bosnia would be composed of 2 autonomy entities. the federation of bosnia

herzegovina and republican. philip scott, on behalf of the bosnian serbs, the peace courts were signed by their most important ally, the president of serbia phlebotamy milosevic, which we spoke of another speak later. we got the very 1st interview. that middle speech gave my impression that was of a friend of mine. he was able to stonewall with a smile. every christian that i put from beginning stuffy to do with me, it's happening both goes in hard. everything to do with the boasting, said army, who had a painful they were paid by the government in belgrade. but most of which played came cleverly offensive. administration went along with presidents. you must turn the pages of disagreement into

a real hope for those who have survived this horrible war after the peace accords and they to lead international coalition was sent to boston area for the tribunals. investigators. it was an opportunity to uncover the crime. tripland it's i didn't know much when i was assigned to the rubber niece a team. i knew thousands of muslim men disappeared after the fall of the enclave, and they were fought to have been executed. he said, when you talk about a crime scene, you're usually talking about a place there we were talking about multiple places, not just one colon who, which we knew had been used as a place to detain people, a football field that had been used together. prisoners on the show,

even we counted only 10 survivors of these mass executions at some crime scene, and there were none in nashville, me know, but that didn't stop us from finding these kind of things. and this is basically what we found. hundreds and 1014500000 meter shows 25 empty shows of 74 and 62 meter total number of blindfolds 117 i can provide you with a colleague of mine. i went into one hanger and took some blood samples from a wall. so that we could determine whether these numerous traces of blood were from humans or animals. the laboratory analysis concluded that it was human blood whitewashed, and you have something ah

one of the great challenges that we had was finding where all the bodies literally were buried. and we knew from survivors that we had at least 4 mass graves. when we examined those graves, there were only $100.00 or $150.00 base if that in those graves. the archeologist told us it looked like they've been dug up and people moved on. we received information both from witnesses and from aerial imagery provided by the united states. but looks like little bits of disturbed soil that appear on the url images. we got our map and drove through the countryside, seeing if we could find these areas. so we're just digging could've been potatoes. and we dug for a while, and that 1st craven,

one of the investigators gets in with this huge pick axis. and he say norma's into the grave, and there's this pop and this, this, this spewing odor of death that comes out. and that when he pulled the pick up a piece of something or that it was flesh flung in his, in his back cast and was like, wait a minute, wait a minute, wait a minute, ok, stop, stop up to ro as gets in. and of course, there's a corpse we ended up finding that day, some 7th graders in that formed the evidence of the case layer. of course you have nightmares. my life revolved around this investigation. it was an obsession. and once you start, you can't storm and you have to continue new area there.

and although there is a variety human bones, discuss it on the surface and the surrounding area is another picked up. this is part of a human hand. we knew that general march had commanded the forces that did this. we knew that president carriage was his supreme commander. his title was the supreme commander of the armed forces of the republic, a search scott. so he was blotted his boss. but we didn't know much else, and we had no documents. we were not able to talk to any serb soldiers, nobody, nobody knew me. rather to democrat. she was a soldier in the bosnian serb army, his unit, they were assigned to execute roughly 1700 people from trevor needs. he took part

in that he felt horrible about that and actually went to the u. s. embassy in belgrade and said, i want to admit what i did. i want to be taken to the hague. he was very shaken, but came across very sincere michelle the most prevalent them of which would you please rise to commit. is there anything you would like to add? it doesn't to morrow the, your honor. i had to do this. if i had refused, i would have been killed together with the victims. when i refused, or they told me that you're sorry for them. line up with them and will kill you to get to show the movie. all right, mr. them, of which try to get a hold of yourself. you sit down for a moment. he pled guilty,

small prison term. but for what he did to make sure reverend, it would not be forgotten and it would not be seen as something that didn't happen . i think it for the prosecution that was worse. whereas the low sentence was a prove up of the most important thing. the russian at them of which brought us was his membership in the 10th sabotage detachment because because 2 tenths sabotage detachment only acted on orders from the highest level of the bosnian serb army. no salva world. what happened is the thing that the muslims disappeared were fighting, assertions were killed in combat. no applications for aspects. some of the building

a little one of the only to please give me a load. this is only why did you say this? after i knew the menu, it wasn't that it was some 8000 men and boys were killed in switzerland. it's a europe worst atrocities since world war 2. yet those responsible for the massacre was still free. nato was not arresting anyone. they were trying to keep the peace, in fact, candidates and a lot of were going through nato checkpoints and they were free all the international leaders could achieve was that out of uncanny teachers withdrawal from political office. as of this morning, colorado is no longer president of republic, a serv stuff he has relinquished the office and all powers associated

madame bloss, such as temporary acting president. the vienna shifts the new president of the republic. a cisco had been cut to just vice president when she was in power, the war crimes tribunal asked her to arrest cottage and march and sent them to the hate me. bill. it was time for me. i was the president of the republic. yes, i received a request to hand over my card to get your coverage liquid porcelain low. there was so much work to do after the war and i didn't know where they were and that didn't interest me because i was the president. i acted according to the constitution. the constitution forbade it. so i don't think i even

replied, i tore it up and throw it away. mission the mission that was a little put, she had a boss. we were no, no problem with the tribunal had a problem too. because we had some 70 accused, but no one was being arrested for the prosecution needed to find a solution of not oh, nice team. the our team was able to determine the whereabouts of one of the accused social. i came up with the idea of getting him to walk into track because you know, we managed to win his trust and arranged a meeting in

a un controlled area. and i was going through austin. but we made him believe that we would help him sell his house because he put us with the mac. but using this excuse, we had him cross the border where a special unit was waiting to arrest him on the dollar bill or is it? was it just go that was a decisive turning point because we proved it was possible to arrest war. criminal . nato now had to react with somebody. i mean, i go from that moment nato began to arrest war criminals

from all sides serves cro, s and both in the acts on bosnia herzegovina was the 1st of the former yugoslav, states to collaborate with the tribunal the handed over full prison guards from a concentration camp we said had been detained, i was thinking, they are not going to get me alive. why they want me? there is also another people who also did the same things like i did. so why did on talk for them. i didn't recognize discord like to be any have any authority over me or will you please stand? how do you plead guilty or not guilty? no, not guilty. i never had anybody criticised me for what i had done. and

that was the 1st time that i was face to get the accusers telling me what i had done last. so is charge as a direct perpetrator with high murders for instances of torture and 2 instances of cruel treatment, causing great suffering. now most of the violence that happened in prison in july which was beating and you know we, we need to understand it's not only by me, everybody was doing that. but most of the killings is that by me for the simple reason, because they know when they gave me order to do something, it will be that me. i have this enormous fear of

collecting somebody out. so i was willing to sacrifice everything that i had. so that might come on to say you, i would plan to s alonzo ordered me to lie down there i did. he opened a bottle and poured something on my leg. i could smell it with petrol. it suddenly switch, you know? and then he set fire to my leg, told me she will not be a shiny. it can be he would take us to pain. and when people were he and he ordered others to drink it. yes, i was one of those who was supposed to drink it ma'am, trying to remember the faces. so doors, lutherans from this period. i just cannot. i can imagine them in

a human form. just moore and everything. i really would like, i really, really would like to that i can see their faces as long as i don't see them in human form. maybe i don't see myself in sandwich. ah, you had to ask yourself and i think this is a question on everybody's mind. who are the people who committed these crimes, and i decided to go to the court to understand who these people are. first of all, both rooms are smaller. you are very close to the speaker phone. and the main impression is that they indeed look as they were never heard the fly.

is it possible? could it be that i could do such a thing? could my neighbor, my brother that's worse, informally, yugoslavia did not start among so called ordinary people. on the contrary, ordinary people had to be prepared. the very notes knowing that this was psychologically prepared for at least 56 years for what you know. and this is ever since me, i'll shoot each game into power from. and i was the list of all of it. you are now before this tribunal and your within the jurisdiction of it me

ah, the people india then delicacy. they also play a key role in the system to speak to gilbert ah, in the roman forum district, more and more cultures are going out to the course range officers are doing their best to protect ego in

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