where it ought to be, and the developer. nope. your pop nixon proposed a huge expansion of nuclear power in the name of getting america out from under the boot of opec. but even with nixon support, there was one pressing problems, the cost of every reactor and the nuclear power plant surrounding it. those costs were doubling every 2 years doubled and then it doubled again. i can tell you, let me see because when the price of oil quadrupled, it was quite a shock shock at their cost, 68 percent of our electricity came from oil to digital. we had, i think, the moment crisis began. it became clear to france that it's salvation was nuclear . it didn't nuclear new wisely or power, or electricity. lily pcp missile joanie area where you could easily replace oil electricity because in 973,

we already had the generation of nuclear reactance. don't nuclear. on the oil crisis, the french government move quickly to build more nuclear power plants. it didn't have to worry about public opinion. i quoted you point when it comes to decisions. it's just a small group of people making the body from the media associate from the atomic energy commission. fuels basically come administrator to work with the state representing that people don't have to pay for. or if you have the authorization to build a nuclear plan and that was it in the us things a little more complicated. you asked, it was very fragmented. around 2800 different electricity companies. you filled, they kept changing the designs in a, in a competitive frenzy to try and get ahead of the other guys. and that meant that the construction times for nuclear plants just balloon

way to do business. the business. ah, francis ambitious nuclear program is becoming the largest in the world. the united states could only look on and wonder, i don't on the time that $58.00 reactors, the americans cancel $100.00 to do so. that was the difference if you felt while frances next door neighbor had other nuclear issues to contend with, 1970 west germany. so the growth of one of the largest movements against nuclear energy in western europe, possibly the wealth or those those people were concerned because they started hearing that in the areas around reactor cries from boys. there were unexplained illnesses or environmental change. the conquered fell off and that

was the indoor. so you had to remember that germany had a pass mark by war and it was part of the cold war in which nuclear weapons he played for the role of awesome. and so there was a lot of insecurity, and this was intensified why atomic energy, when i was at home, and i be from the real point of origin protests in a very small south german village of viola where a new power station was pissed. we built this law, the local citizens initiative to try to stop in the ashes, the only option they had mr. occupied the building side where the ball plots, not up. they mob the sites in 10 whole thousands of people to many, really to the police to handle and set up a camp, a lot of guitar singing in public classes in free love and all that sort of thing.

oh i see when you've got wine makers from the kaiser stool student then journalists and an expert, all the talking to one another. exp, this counter expertise is the foundation of the german anti nuclear movement to the end. it started here and to the phillip views piece will teach in, gave way too much uglier scenes wherever there were plans to build a reactor. there were huge protests and pleasures with the police in port golf blocked off in 108-115-0000 people gathered for an illegal demonstration in february. and the reason call isaac came to dallas, tx dot for the state reacted completely disproportionately. the gas,

they sent hundreds of policemen by helicopter manchild, who went through the crowd cooper and i believe we were frisked, but we still went aloud on the site and put them demonstrations with a business with foreboding. to demonstrate protesters on both sides of the atlantic had been sound in the alarm about the prospect of an accident as a nuclear plant. the industry dismissed their fears until early one morning. in march 1979, i came in to work in the commissioner went running by me, john earned and he said, use your car as i'm sure i get upstairs. discovering that we've got a problem. harrisburg, pennsylvania, an accident at a nuclear power plant. a spokesman said that a feed water pump broke down this morning, automatically shutting down the 3 mile nuclear power plant. people think that emergency room is, is running around like an operating room. you know,

in fact everything kind of go slow down because you tremendous uncertainty about the facts. the information's contradictory meters are reading very high radiation. as for saying, these meters must be wrong. the overwhelming feeling is the fog of infamy, information fog. it was very much unexpected and is feeling is this is much worse than anything that one could have imagined and been some near serious accidents, but not one like 3 mile iowa. and when that happened, i think the whole, the whole framework fell apart. it could no longer claim that nuclear plants were say, that was a very defining moment. even though they go, they say which way to go. we all have the,

i was only the big loss of the peace activists to activists. and that was a new problem to deal with in the ages we had to sort of is this inevitable march towards a new future. and at the same time, we were looking at the situation where there was his wheezing, huffing planted winscow in which was pumping out 2000000 gallons of contaminated material into the r c everyday. i mean, now the thing was just a joke. i really was and we had to dress in some way. at 1st light greenpeace row ready up and about. the plan was simple. block one and a half mile long discharge pipe with stoppers like this one. held is confidential briefing with depression. you know, we're going to bung the pipe up,

we have bunk ready. we're going to stop discharges. and somehow that got leaked, i'm being felt then knew that we were going to do it right at this moment because she was beaten to the punch. they've obviously known precisely what we've been going to do for the last week or so. i work very heavily on this and it's impossible for us with a cheer we've got at the moment block the point. it was a balancing act always to try to deal with a sense of it. but in the end, to use a lot of message to stop them doing things which i felt the dangerous. they needed to be told. they will not be on the law anymore than where you are and to show our battery a times. advocates if you feel are power and opponents of nuclear power just didn't speak the same language. it wasn't that one of them had a monopoly of facts, is that the interpreted the evidence differently. they saw the range of concerns differently. the nfl had decided that they would no longer use and they wind scale

for the facility. they would call it sellafield, which is the name of the little village where it originally been built. ironically, as soon after the name change was announced, be nfl was accused of having radioactivity on the shoreline and leaks in at least 2 of their facilities. i was tempted to go and tackle a safety issue and then i saw no be positive about the good things which i knew they will bring. and that was the start of the idea that this dissenter, welcome. so have fun today to showing you around the some of those to the to include is it to go the whole conversation, show you the generation electricity on the commercial side, nuclear power station, subliminal messages got through which we could then build on. it must be safe, mustn't it?

because i've been dodger this to go up. go round. and they are trying to be out on this because they're asking us to go nuclear had previously been really in secrecy. the industry had acquired a reputation for just not telling anybody anything and result were trusted them. so they went for a kind of kind of glance, openness, policy. and then, just as the charm offensive seemed to be working, unless viewers of moscow television were watching the 9 p. m. news closely on monday, april 28th. they would have missed the brief and buried report of the biggest nuclear accident in history and accident that occurred at least 2 days earlier, at chernobyl in the ukraine. chernobyl definitively ended the industry's line that there could never be an explosion that a reactor could never blow up like a bomb effectively. that's what happened. it blew up

a dramatic event and of course, did create a wide spread out there was a very concerted effort by all the western governments to distance themselves as fast as they could and blame it all in russian technology. it can be stated categorically with an accident similar to that one could not happen in a position nuclear power station to reactor of the generic design simply wouldn't have been allowed to operate in britain. in the days following the disaster, a plume of radioactive fallout drifted width would be to the ally effects, you know, the off that you noble. that was the masters area in germany and italy. predictive, i know human organ can sense the danger only these machines detect digital radioactivity. i was found in the school at playground,

quit my job graphy teacher at the time who had got himself a geiger counter out of the pharmacy to check whether there was any high radio activity. level of course was useless because we know what the normal level of words, the momentum war is from the moment of people, the cold don't teach me and my friend kind of pit from that moment on the accepted among the german violation. time was completely calm. that i can refer all frederick to him. me nice is completely normal and pious. and then she never happens and it hits us like a bomb district. i'm in a boat and hits us personally, comes to me for me. it was a road to damascus moment. my eyes were suddenly opened to what it all meant, but did not significantly called ourselves parents against nuclear power stuff. but then we know that's not really

a good name. we don't want to be against would want to be for sometime this, and that's why we changed our name to parents for a nuclear, for a future ones, together with other families. and michelle slattich was so determined to rick, the village of nuclear power that they made, and they shifted to take control of the local energy grid friday. couldn't be your 1st day. you can hardly imagine that when a citizen, the initial building, our own energy company does apply to the citizens of our town with electricity. at 1st, everyone says mix, how is that supposed to asked mike resorted scheme. and of course, the energy provider said, this is definitely won't work, they'll never eat the shocking d doff need up against all odds. the initiative did succeed, creating a citizen owned energy, cooperative law. and we have a vision of an energy supply without nuclear power. a tool, the energy provider wasn't to do that. over in britain,

the energy market look changing all over the country, ordinary electricity use, it would be preparing for the 12 regional electricity companies share rappers. states should not everyone supported the conservative governments privatization plans. the postponement by 6 months of the privatization of the electricity industry is only 6 months and it's still going to happen. is it really that significant? i think it's significant because what it indicates is that the plans are a complete mess. and most people already realize that that bills have gone out in order to pay the way for privatization. they've got huge problems because they want to sell the nuclear industry, which is going to be very difficult to sell the cost of ultimately decommissioning and return the site to essentially a complete, usable, clean status. had been underestimated the costs of future dealing with the spent fuel had been underestimated. i think it's very unwise to embark on

a new nuclear program when we don't even know how to deal with the what's left over the legacy of the old. but we realize that the nuclear industry just could not be privatized quite early on. and we told the government, we can't do it. and the government said rubbish, go away and think of a way that we can do it. so we went away, we're trying this, we're trying that. but in the end we said look, we just really can't do it. and so the government, the end said, okay, you can't do it. therefore we will pull it. and it was quite a momentous occasion. the government did managed to sell off the panel stations soon. the new private nuclear company also ran into the company, went into steady financial decline for from about the year, 2000, my 2002. it was in effect bankrupt. it had to be rescued by the government with 340000000 pounds initially. and eventually went up to over 600000000 to keep the

company alive. nuclear suddenly looked like just just a dead end area to work in. and these are often very, very well qualified, very smart people felt that they, they've made a terrible career choice and their whole life in a sense, been wasted. they had never looked so fun, ripple. i know we moved to an in germany. you've been to the peace movement. logical movement discovered the parliament plan. bruno when the green car, who formed the government. this is centralist, social democrats, in 1998. it looked like time was up for nuclear power. on the year, 2000 and the red green government decided to face out nuclear power, went out to stein and hamby. and i got onto the process of negotiation with the company about the maximum lifespan of each plant. which until then had been unlimited and the bas diane on began spun and then we wanted to limit them to enable a phase with shot down. but that meant that once all the existing reactors that had

started operating in the seventy's and eighty's and reached the end of their lifespan, of nuclear phase, out in germany, what happened automatically comes. so that's come on to see crowd support both from the media from the general public. these understood the in some was yesterday's news is needed to recapture the excitement of the early years. but then came of a come back to the very 1st time i heard the term global warming was from a nuclear power industry executive in 1981. i said, what is that? and he explained what global warming was. he said, that's why we can't rely on coal. says just once, i'd like to pick up the phone and say, atomic industrial form co kills energy is the story just to be sure to continue writing with v o 2 by the 2000 people had begun to realize

the global warming was a severe problem. and people in the fire, even leading environmentalists began to say, well, maybe we'd better rethink nuclear power. the threat of climate change trumpet us to, to ask the question if we wanted to build nuclear plants in the united states by the 2010, what would it take? so we start to ask that question could department of energy, but also there were policymakers sen pete demand. she was a voice in the congress on this. i think we all know that the world must have nuclear power as soon as possible. it is time for this country to start building nuclear power plants. again, we are announcing roughly $8000000000.00 in loan guarantees to break ground on the 1st new nuclear plant in our country in 3 decades. first, nuclear power plant

the u. s. u k. industry was dreaming with renew confidence. 13 companies applies to the $25.00. the reactors was changing in the u. k. 2 by 2025. if current policy is unchanged, there will be a dramatic gap on our targets to reduce c o 2 emissions. these fact puts the replacement of nuclear power stations back on the agenda with a vengeance. i suppose we shouldn't be surprised. the politicians say one thing and there's nothing in government, but that's what happened. and that's certainly what happened. it was often reported to tony blair wanted to leave a strong legacy and part of his legacy, most perhaps launching a nuclear power program that would solve the problem of global warming and

insulating a few lofts. bringing in a few small wind turbines on land, doesn't have that same impressive sound too, as launching a huge nuclear power program. successes were equally enthusiastic in 2009 gordon brown called for a nuclear plant to be built. christine and in 2010 david cameron's new coalition government gave those plans, the cruise lines. and the germans looked fit to give the ass me another chance. the nuclear industry knew that mecca was rethinking her previous position. and then when the c d, u and the liberal party, the f d p for the government, they actually agreed to go back on the decision and not to face out nuclear energy . currently, the parts of the, the basic idea at the time was to use nuclear power plants for as long as you're technically feasible with them longer act the resulting additional income. and then

use this tax for finance, changes for the energy policy landscape in germany. some of finance here in france was hoping to repeat. it's new to success on the international stage. went up cuz he came to power. many of the trips he made abroad involved seeking nuclear deals. he signed contracts with china. he signed nuclear cooperation agreement with several countries in north africa in the middle east. you need to keep in mind that you can't build endless numbers of reactors and france, no matter how enthusiastic you get about it. the extraordinary thing that happened looking back was the british energy. the british nuclear industry became effectively the french nuclear industry and was taken over by adf, the french government, state and energy company. the 1st decade of the new century came to close the nuclear. renee was in full swing but then

you know, i still remember the morning when i woke up and heard it was an earthquake, is nami in japan and as a movie star, i think about friends i have in japan. so i went to the office and it was, you know, trying to reach people by email, but also watching events on tv. and then we started to know, noticed that there was a problem that when you for power plants in the early years, the worst radioactivity in the, in the planet came from all the weapons testing. now it's coming from the absent and on the civilian side, i remember it was one senior staff person who was watching the video on television and he was almost in tears. and i remember he turned to me and he said, you know, i spent my whole career trying to keep something like this happening. and now i'm watching to have no television. and it was really a very emotional moment. the. this was

a western design reactor, and this was also japan. and this is a country, highly advanced country with excellent engineers. and somehow this still happens when focus shima happened. you could see that the nuclear industries damage limitation machine had moved into action as fate would have it. i was actually myself traveling with my wife through japan. and for me personally, i remember hearing these reassurances from the japanese government and i couldn't help. but thinking of the sort of irony of this message that the country that for that had been such a target of this peaceful adam message in the 1950s, was now itself putting out its own version of reassurance of atomic energy. a p r faced with the biggest p r headaches since to noble governments and the nuclear industry closed ranks with one notable

exception germany. he matches the machine. things have changed. if you think about the reliability of risk reduction and about the reliability of probability analysis on and down, therefore the use of nuclear energy and germany will be brought to an end by 2020 most of those always. so that's in that you have to see it as a final step and a very long goodbye to nuclear power. that's been going on. the 1970s in get sold and hot. hi, patel won't find a single political party to day of whatever color that's prepared to even talk about doing anything with nuclear energy. and that topic is complete. at this point, solar and wind power are growing so fast and the costs are declining so rapidly that nuclear is like this own dinosaur. they can't possibly keep up the only nuclear power plant and massachusetts will be shutting down by 2019 siding

california, changing energy landscape. pacific gas and electric is closing diable canyon. the real factor in the united states is just practicalities. i mean, we had the discovery of natural gas and large quantities and it's much cheaper and it's much easier. of course, nuclear power still has its champions. one of the things we want to do a deal is to is to make nuclear energy cool. again, one of the problems that the people who object to nuclear power really have. and can we solve those? technically, can we make nuclear power? it doesn't produce waste to last for hundreds of thousands of years. can we make nuclear power plants? they can't melt down. i think the answer, those questions is actually yes, ah, i know you can be confident that it is going to happen this time in the western world. countries and it's going to happen in the far east.

some of the oldest players, nuclear gain, to china, make no mistake about it. this is an important day for britain, a british client, financed by france and china. the focus has been on a planet called hinckley point c. and the claim was made by d f. that this would be done absolutely without any public subsidy, which turned out of course, to be complete nonsense. the subsidies got less and less well the sky until they got to the point where they were offering a guaranteed price for the electricity for 35 years. at 3 times the going rate in the u. k. that breaks it right off the branch. so my question, the deal made between camera and government and a half look around the camera and for the if hippy and the chinese intervene, fill in it. and it seems like manage to get my government to reconsider. things

went ahead after all. consider it left it in the middle. china is becoming a nuclear energy exporting power house. the country is building reactors at home and selling its expertise abroad in china to resistance to atomic power is growing amid mountain concerns regarding health and safety and future costs lives an inherently political technology because of the nature of the risk and safety aspect . for decades, scientists and politicians for nuclear power as the technology of the future, one which they will best to quit to despise, felt like if the public would just leave them alone. they would control the technology, they would fix the problems with the accents. you know, if they just let us keep working, we're going to take care of all your concerns and all your problem when it comes to

the relationship between the atom and us. history suggests that in the end, it will surely be us. we just people who are selling computers, think of all kinds of reasons. you know, people are bike and so these guys are thinking of all kinds of reasons posted by a nuclear power plant. because that's, that's where they're selling. it's where you have to decide if we want to buy the me kick off from the ground to the good this leave. these youngsters are on the right. 3, up and coming strikes. yours are the goal getters of the next generation? newtown is why think things in the good

the d w. me, rex it borders. cost of goods are exploding to the customer. chaos. making trade with britain and much more difficult. british transport companies are sounding the alarm and for european truck drivers. a trip to britain is now a risky endeavor closed in 90 minutes on d w. o. the, it's about it's about power. it's about the foundation of the world order,

the new silk road. china wants to expand it to influence with this trade network. also in europe, china is promises fortner's rich. in europe, there's a sharp warning, wherever except the money from the new our will be dependent on in china's gateways. year us starts july 1st on dw me the w news. these are our top stories. if you have been voting and general elections that are seen as the 1st major test of prime minister abbey and his ruin coalition violence and logistical problems caused delays in 4 of the countries. 10 regions. the election has already been postponed by the pandemic.