goal and a romilly cock to strike secured a to nail when for one of the tournament favorites. you're watching dw news from berlin coming up next are documentary phil takes a look at a war, crimes tribunal for what was the former yugoslavia. you're watching d. w. news, i'm terry martin from me and all of us here in berlin and in boston. nice. the i'm the green. you feel worried about the soon? i'm neil of the on the green fence. we need to change join for the size of the green transformation. for me, for you. oh,

i the me in 1993, the united nations established an international war crimes tribunal for the former yugoslavia. the i c t y in the hey. for the 1st time in history, war crimes committed on all sides of a conflict with brought to trial has international justice prevailed. can this tribunal be a model for the future? there was never an expectation that presidents and leaders would be arrested. this idea gave the most powerful demonstration that no one is beyond the

reach of international chest. you have the proper traits right there, and they have to sit there and ask list and become get up and shoot. because you're speaking about what they've done is the candidate, how do you plead, guilty, or not guilty times to to this institution is a farce that they need not a trace of justice need to rule. we as your best of luck to be removed from the courtroom. sometimes i find myself wondering what justice we were able to serve in for me because we served international justice. but did we do the right thing? i

use do a group of less than 4 wheel for kaylee alicia laws across from so for the sentence as atlanta to 15 years in prison like my mouse now it took me a long time to find myself, but i still didn't figure out completely why the biggest question, why or why did i do what i have done? the almost everything that i look back my past,

it's always why. and it's very difficult. always to find the answers for everything . the range for many people and i told them that i fun during war and i really did spend time together drink together. we had girls together. we try to, you know, basically everything that young man and want to have the, i had not thinking what you know, bad things can happen. ah, the disintegration of yugoslavia in 1991 led to a series of conflicts, europe, steadly as since world war 2 more than one

130000 people died at least 3000000 were displaced or became refugees. it was in bosnia herzegovina that most of the war crimes were committed. part of the federal republic of yugoslavia both knew was home to 3 if miss a teeth. the largest group with bosnia ex bosnian muslims, followed by the suds and the cro ads. in 1992, the country became independent. but the bosnian serbs did not want to live in a muslim dominated country and formed their own state. they elected a nationalist leader gerardo van cottage as president and took up arms against the person in government which were commanded by a former general of the yugoslav army that co manage. the serb troops swiftly to control much of bosnia was next and crow us were

expelled from the conquered areas or killed in the media. the term ethnic cleansing soon took hold. now in any war, civilians are possible to military call collateral damage. sure civilians die that they're not the main target. but in bosnia they were the main touch. the target was to drive those who are not said out of areas which the says wanted to control. in may. nice nice to was i sent it was and then i was 1st sorry i tripped. if i look back on it now, the sort of face as if she were living in a dream. the

because controlled the monkeys overlooking saturday a but they could snipe down the streets. i knew immediately, so people running, nobody want. everybody rattled, costing me and my colleagues killed. but i think the world go to see, and the journalist did their job and showing what was going on. and then it's up to others to a couple of the governments of europe. and the government of the united states sat back essentially took the decision. we are not going to intervene in this whole. these bars and political talks have led nowhere. underwood's until the western

world proves that has a true commitment. and this will be true coach agenda. any of your saw you? who did? everyone used to watch the daily assault on theory, eva one, tv showcase. it had become a sort of routine identity. the true shock came with images of the concentration camps. michelle need of a may see a 2 people behind barbed wire. you know, it was like seeing images of world war 2, but in color and about an hour and a half flight from paris. you publish a situation that cooled out for justice versus we've seen those images, i sit there and bells and the how and the other tracy cancer and they were liberated in 1945 that had an impact cry of. we trompe seemed to be doing nothing and then view and came up with the idea of we should start

a war crimes tribunal and to be done until this an international tribunal will prosecute all crimes committed in the former yugoslavia and historic decision by the un security council, yesterday the 1st such tribunals since the nuremberg trials today, we begin to cleanse the hatred that has torn apart the former yugoslavia. a few months ago, i said this will be no victor's tribunal. the only victor that will prevail in this endeavor is the proof. we must now move without delay to the next steps, particularly the appointment of the prosecutor and the selection of judges. finally, of this, we are certain the tribunal must succeed for the sake of the victims and for the credibility of international law in this new era. thank you very much. until the end of the latter part of the $900.00 century. the concept preventing was in

any other way than by taking the spoils as victory was never even social. you had the beginnings of international justice within the trials. been perfect because they only look to one side of the conflict, but nevertheless they were very efficient in bringing people to justice quickly. decisively. pictorially, don't ask your friends, show them a picture of glaring, sitting in the dock. 90 percent will know what it is. and then it stopped because of the cold war america and viet now the what was happening with the agent orange county bombing wilcox has america being

brought down by that you thought tribunal has completely changed the way people think. because now if you show a conflict, they're likely to say, will send him for trial, because there's an expectation that bad people doing bad things in horrible conflicts get tried. but that's only 25 years ago. in 1993, the hague, became the home of the new tribunal, judges, investigators and prosecutors were recruited from across the world to bring accused war criminals from the former yugoslavia to trial. he had masses of material from the former yugoslavia and material was coming in all the time. so we had to figure out what we had. and when you think you want to go well and help stop a conflict and somebody saying, organize your papers, set up your computer files. it's a hard thing to understand. the

word people from the united states and from great britain and italy all over the world. and the, the atmosphere among those folks was it was high energy and a certain amount of excitement, though, excitement with a bit of a smile because no one thought we would be able to do anything. the meanwhile, the war continued in bozeman, tro, s, and bosnia x had also formed their own armies. the 3 cities were now citing each other and civilians on all sides became victims

during the war i think it was inconceivable to any of the major axis there. but any one of the rest of the world that any of those people would ever be hell when i talk to both of them, i'm congregation and manage and mention the fact that they were going to start an international war. crimes tribunal for us. love it. and did they both fear that they would be may dependence, that why she took a little please, but did not take the serious much to know what i'm doing is i'm defending my own people that will stand up in a closer look in that position. but if you know, i've done that in the gap in the bosnian country side, the ethnic cleansing continued. many bosnia ex,

removed from the villages, found refuge in sibley. and it's a small enclave. surrounded by sub truths, some 40000 people gathered their isolated from the rest of the world. died on sundays and the like. the day i realized where i broke my children into a kind of vicious where we had no way out. we had nothing to eat, nothing to drink, name of the stay, it was hopeless. such in 1993, a un contingent was sentenced to bring humanitarian aid to the civilian population . eager did equally 7th edition. when the 1st convoy arrived in february to leave me,

the tears were falling like rain from my eyes lost. somebody had remembered that we existed often here in that situation was not given up any hope for me and my children. when the convoy came, it was like light at the end of a tunnel for a sign of hope that we would survive and that somehow things would get better. that goes to bowie. the when jean with a 1st come boy un to command general self, once it's sharpening to see the situation, they surrounded molly lee and then he declared that he was going to be a safe a. i don't know if you use those words, you put everybody on the spot because you end is all of us. it's all the job. so

the work we've declared my place dead to be safe and the you and protection. clearly it was a false promise. and then we'll have my friends and know that we're running around. i remember the discussion amongst people, most my parents that will have a came if not to protect us, but at least to help us. and it was only that later. i didn't realize that they came here or just observed our surge unfortunately. ah, a troop of un peacekeepers,

blue helmets had been assigned to protect separately. they were just a few 100 of them and they weren't well equipped. after 2 years of siege in july 1995 general market, she launched an offensive against the enclave. the buzz me. i tried to fight back, but they were quickly over run by the truth. the un blue helmets put up no resistance to check for a separate they base. they left alone. we didn't know that the growth pre just rated to be to those to be killed. the general murderer,

that's colonel tom car months who was commanding the un peacekeepers inscribed in it's to organize a meeting with representatives of the bosnian muslims in less than less than others. you need to know what's on it in the room with the seamless cards to be

responsible for all the men of military age. though they shouldn't surrender to the balmy. they fled to the forest. cautiously the father. he's saying to me, it's up to you. you'll have to make a decision to go with me or with your mother down to the notion of me. there was no time to think, mitchell who, she's a nice, i'll put you. i didn't even have time to take my to my boys properly. everyone just started going the number of some of the world leaders and we're told that women children and the elderly should go to the un base it to school. he was there for 2 days and then we were put on the bus for sale of the over the course of 2 days,

the serbs forcibly removed over $30000.00 women children and elderly men to refugee camps in territory controlled by the person in government. there was no trace of the 8000 men who had tried to escape from it. so through the forest door, nobody knew what had happened to the men. however, the journalists who had been covering the war since 992, said that a missing man is a dead man. the duty to keep a small team was sent to question the refugees of threat bernita. the present all the while. i was very glad to be there and to get to work more

not even about usual. we arrived at 10 days after the fall of the enclave. and soon people started to arrive, who declared that they had survived, mess execution. if you so much the the boy that the age of the 70 says with my father. and i just wanted to say my life. we just have arrived in the must. in this moment, shelling started i

just right that they showed this number and the under the trees and in the moments i lost my father. and i just remember i was calling me and i never, i never found him that i just remember late the calling and invitation from the neighbor, calling us to sit and get out to do to take that all the time. i needed to call him and see this please. i think that's the goal.

it's still better member than the that is that in the last the voice and they get out of this is what's going on with the little finish night. the trucks are on the road in the far from us. i remember that there was i loaded in the last one.

ah, i could see the people know 5 mentioned about can these in menu we're looking at us . no one today can say that they didn't know that the occasion for my i was here fire all the time. and they said that the lead struck in any integral. so 5 people are crying every morning and i know it is grown and their own money is in front of me. everything was happening so fast. it was

a matter of seconds. they open the fire and i don't remember when i was, he was only stomach encumbering, was she wearing under her run on disorder and the saying to other you will check who has or by the way when you have one more moment to minister in front of my eyes and then closing my eyes, vacant to be killed in my pity, blind and here the fuel is the same thing or mine, or any that the a few months after this rebel in the semester. in the autumn of 995 international leaders pressured all parties to go to dayton in the united states and sign

a peace agreement. the new bosnia would be composed of 2 autonomy entities. the federation of bosnia herzegovina, anti republican syrup, scott on behalf of the bosnian serbs, the peace accords, were signed by their most important allies, the president of serbia, phlebotamy milosevic respond to another and we speak later. now we got the very 1st interview that most of which gave my impression that was of a friend of mine. he was able to stonewall with a smile. every christian that i put from beginning to starting to do with me, it's happening both goes out everything to do with the posting said, who are they paid for? they were paid by the government at belgrade. but most of which played that game cleverly because of the ministration went along the

president. you must turn the pages of disagreement and a real hope for those who have survived this horrible war. after the peace accords and they to lead international coalition was sent to bosnia for the trevino's investigators, it was an opportunity to uncover the crimes of stripling i didn't know much when i was assigned to the rubber niece a team. i knew thousands of muslim men disappeared after the fall of the enclave, and they were fought to have been executed companies and when you talk about a crime scene, you're usually talking about a place near today. we were talking about multiple places,

not just one colon school, which we knew had been used as a place to detain people goal of football fields that had been used together. prisoners showed even we counted only 10 survivors of these mass executions at some crime scene. and there were none in nashville, me know, but that didn't stop us from finding these kind of things. and this is basically what we found. 11014.5000000 meter shows 25 empty shows of 7.62 meter. total number of blowing falls 117 i think i'm calling with a colleague of mine. i went into one hanger and took some blood samples from a wall so that we could determine whether these numerous traces of blood were from humans or animals. so the laboratory analysis concluded that it was human blood whitewash agenda something

ah, me, me one of the great challenges that we had was finding where all the bodies literally were buried. and we knew from survivors that we had, at least for mass gray, is when we examined those graves, there were only a 100 or $150.00 bodies if that in those graves. the archaeologist told us, it looks like they've been dug up. and people moved on, we received information both from witnesses and from aerial imagery provided by the united states. but looks like little bits of disturbed soil that appear on the url images. we got our map and drove through the countryside,

seeing if we could find these areas. so we're just digging, you know, could have been potatoes and we dug for a while and that 1st grave. and one of the investigators gets in with this huge pick axis. and he say norma's into the grave, and there's this pop and this, this, this spewing odor of death that comes out. and that when he pulled the pick axe up a piece of something or that it was flesh flung in his, in his back cast and was like, wait a minute, wait a minute, wait a minute, ok, stop, stop, stop to ro as gets in. and of course, there's a corpse, we ended up finding that day, some 7th graders, and that formed the evidence of the case. of course you have nightmares,

my life revolt around this investigation. it was an obsession. and once you start, you can't storm and you have to continue doing and that's the area there. and although there is over human bones, discuss it on the surface and in the surrounding area. it picked up. this is part of our human hands. we knew that general march had commanded the forces that did this and we knew that president carriage was his supreme commander. his title was the supreme commander of the armed forces of the republic, a service skipped. so he was launch his boss. but we didn't know much else, and we had no documents. we were not able to talk to any serb soldiers, nobody, nobody knew me.

there was a demo which was a soldier in the bosnian serb army. his unit, they were assigned to execute roughly 1700 people from trevor needs. he took part in that he felt horrible about that and actually went to the u. s. embassy in belgrade and said, i want to admit what i did. i want to be taken to the hague mission. he was very shaken, but came across very sincere michelle. they will replace them of which would you please rise to committee? is there anything you would like to add for? sony doesn't to motor with your honor. i had to do this. if i had refused, i would have been killed together with the victims. when i refused, or they told me that you're sorry for them line up with them and will kill you to

get to show the movie. alright, mr. them of which try to get a hold of yourself. you sit down for a moment. he'd pled guilty. he did small prison term. but for what he did to make sure repre needs would not be forgotten and it would not be seen as something that didn't happen. i think it for the prosecution, it was worse. whereas the low sentence was a blue approval. but the most important thing that drudging at them of which brought us was his membership in the 10th sabotage detachment does. because the 10th sabotage detachment only acted on orders from the highest level of the both in the, in the of ami was no salva world. you know, what happened is the thing that the muslims disappeared were fighting,

assertions were killed in combat. no expectations for i know masters, some of the building a little one of the only, but please call me or let us know what is your message this afternoon. they will, there was some, $8000.00 men and boys were killed in several in europe. the worst atrocities since world war to get those responsible for the massacre was still free. nato was not arresting anyone. they were trying to keep the peace. in fact, candidates and waters were going through nato checkpoints, and they were free. all the international leaders could achieve was out of uncovered teachers withdraw from political office. as of this morning, the garage is no longer president for public service desk. he has relinquished the

office and all powers associated there to madame bloss, such as temporary acting president the vienna of shifts, the new president of the republic had been cut to just vice president when she was in power. the war crimes tribunal asked her to arrest cottage and march and send them to the hate me. bill. it was time for me. i was the president of the republic. yes, i received a request to hand over my card. you could shoot gotta judge to liquid post below. there was so much work to do after the war and i didn't know

where they were and that's in and interest me because i was the president. i acted according to the constitution, the constitution for bait and i don't think i even reapplied. i tore it up and throw it away. they need something that was a little put. she had a boss we were no, no problem was a child to the tribunal had a problem too because we had some 70 accused. but no one was being arrested out. there was another prosecution needed to find a solution of not nice team. the, our team was able to determine the whereabouts of one of the accused social. i came

up with the idea of getting him to walk into track the lock up because we managed to win his trust and arranged a meeting in a you, in controlled area. and it was me or send but we made him believe that we would help him sell his house. because he put us, we do mac. but using bis, excuse me, we had him cross the border where a special unit was waiting to arrest him. come back. with me, a dollar below, it was a test or just go. that was a decisive turning point. and because we proved that was possible to arrest of war criminal,

nato now had to react. and so somebody from that moment nato began to arrest war. criminals from all sides said cro. s and pulse me acts on bosnia herzegovina was the 1st of the former yugoslav states to collaborate with the tribunal. the handed over full prison guards from a concentration camp. lisa had been detained. i was thinking, they are not going to get me alive. why they want me? there is also another people who also did the same things like i did. so why didn't work for them? i didn't enjoy man as discord like to be any have any authority over me or will you please stand?

how do you plead guilty or not? guilty? not guilty. i never had anybody criticised me for what i have done. and that was the 1st time that i was face to get the accusers telling me what that had done. lancer is charge as a diabetic perpetrator with high murderers, for instances of torture. and 2 instances of cruel treatment causing great suffering. now most of the violence that's happening, prison in july which was beating and you know we, we need to understand it's not only by me everybody was doing that. but most of the killings is done by me for the simple reason. because they

know when they gave me order to do something, it will be that me, i have this enormous fear of letting somebody down. so i was willing to sacrifice everything that i had. my commander say you, i would. lando s alonzo ordered me to lie down there i did. he opened a bottle and poured something on my leg. i could smell it with petrol, which you know, and then he set fire to my leg. tom issue itself will not be shiny. it could be either busy would take us to p, p u and when people were p and he ordered others to drink it. yes, i was one of those who was both to drink it mamma, trying to remember the faces. so those ligans from the barrier. i just cannot,

i cannot imagine them in a human form, just blore and everything. i really would like i really, really would like to that i can see their faces. as long as i don't see them in human form. maybe i don't see it myself same in same way i you had to ask yourself and i think this is the question on everybody's mind. who are the people who committed these crimes? and i decided to go to the court to understand who these people are. first of all, both rooms are smaller, you're very close to the speaker phone. and the main impression is

but they indeed look as they were never heard the fly. is it possible? could it be that i could do such a thing? could my neighbor, my brother that's wars inform me your 5 year did not start among so called ordinary people. on the contrary, or the people had to be prepared. the, there's no knowing that this was a psychologically prepared for at least 56 years was you know, and this is ever since middle came into power the list was it you are now before this tribunal

and you all within the jurisdiction of it. ah ah ah ah, the the chick from the playground to the buddhist legal, these youngsters are on the rise. 3 up and coming strikes are the goal getters of the next generation. new town pricing things

is a good few minutes on d w i. we're interested in the global economy, our portfolio w business beyond. here's a closer look at the project. our mission. to analyze the site for market dominance versus west. get a step ahead with the business beyond on you to sometimes see that is all you need to allow the big ideas to grow. we're bringing environmental conservation to life with learning like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can all make

a difference. knowledge grows through sharing, download it now for the the dw news lie from berlin, a 3rd cove in 1900 weight. the cross corona virus cases are storing again across the continent and vaccine campaigns cannot keep up. math fatigue is making it more difficult for authorities to tackle the numbers. also coming up, the pandemic forced millions of indian migrant workers back to their home villages

. we looked at a project training some of them for a new future and the un calls for the great barrier.