vince come to tell us why we should get a little what a benefits the feeling to give us information. it's especially a problem in rural areas where 2 thirds of indians live. maxine hesitancy is a major threat to india is race to beats. the pandemic, india is devastating. second wave of color into virus infections appears to be epping away. focus now is on vaccinating as many people as possible through the 3rd one. however, in a country as diverse as india, there remains a diversity of opinion towards vaccinations. namisha jives, while reports from the north of the country. it's their turn to get back to the native. and these young residents wrote up in the not indian state of hud yano have been eagerly waiting for it. after the month of low vaccine availability. supply is

finally catching up with the demand you should see online slots in the small city are booked quickly and allowing us flame that distributions in june has improved access to the jap even further. dr. believe in the us massive 2nd wave. good, have it is to back seem hesitancy off to the 2nd b, b plus crime willing to good vaccinated d. c. that's the meters we definitely want protection from. that's why i believe vaccine hesitancy is negligible in the village 20 kilometers from the hospital. these men being very different picture only 2 of them have been vaccinated because they won't do it in the vaccine trials. and even be don't feel confident about the benefits of the vaccine. in the last 2 months, more than 50 people have died in this village. these men see it wasn't

a good one of us that gives them anything but feel because those cable even don't do have died off vaccinations. the vaccine, the record. i think the now they're saying plasma has to be isn't useful. they just keep changing this. dan had the people to frame that is clean here. the problem is in the cities because of the felling trees, it's a city problem. it doesn't go many to the villages local health center where the deserted looks. audio, only $600.00 people have been vaccinated, supplies are limited, and there isn't a rush anywhere. and it's all the more reason that the few who do show up, stand out. so need hot watch traveled here from a nearby village to get his father, the 2nd dog, the book, so many people worry about. he was off to the vaccine. my father had one to pick him and i got it as well. and i had no side effects at all. it's in the vaccine, it's very important to every one month to get it to this. one thought it was maybe

a long while you're right now, but he's in fabric heat as everyone around him said the vaccine can save lives. india is slowly solving its supply crisis. but to me, faith, an uphill battle again, skepticism. to prevent the crisis of demand as well. well, let's speak to and wish to do to who is a senior research at the christian mickelson institute. thanks for joining us on the coven. 9 teams special. can you just explain to us how government's india are trying to tackle the challenge of vaccine hesitancy? thanks up for that question and thank you for having me on the show. but as we know, vaccine has been in itself is a very complex phenom and, and we even see the whole empty back so loose and in the global north where people are much more educated. so clearly education is not a reason that makes people take vaccination or not. now coming to india,

we see more has been seen who are areas as opposed to urban areas. and there are several causes to that and very briefly let me touch upon those. so 1st being in areas historically, there has been an ad version towards western ethic medication. and as opposed to urban areas where people have had more access to health care to begin with. and that's the calc gear. now add to these makes other factors like religion, cost, gender. so for example, there's been a lot of hesitation amongst the muslim community because they feel that there we speak. ringback fact in the vaccination or the jack community in india who think that the vaccination is not vegetarian or the him the community who might think there is cow serum in the vaccination. we also see that the vaccination rates are higher amongst men and then women, given that it's a patriarchal society as well. and finally added to that are various other

factors like mis trust in the state itself. and also if we see india has been very successful in its polio vaccination program, but those are cater to children and not necessarily adults. so all of these, i think, makes vaccine has a tendency, a very complex problem and how indians be dealing. so often late, they have brought together a lot of religious leaders and they are making this religious leaders appealed to their own communities and talk to them and to persuade them there have been celebrities going on tv or local politician because there is also this neighborhood effects if someone in your locality gets the vaccine and you are more likely to take it. so those are the, some of the yeah, the big issue is, is diversity, right? to me, india is an enormous country with an illness amount of diversity. you've talked about the different things in terms of, you know, city and rural,

but also religious groups. how do you go about tackling a pandemic in a, in a coordinated way when there's so much difference within the different areas? i think it has been a major challenge and we can see the state kind of failed, especially to contain the 2nd wave of the panoramic and part of that also arrest in not being prepared for what was coming. now how do you calculate something that really worked in india in some states as opposed to other? so let's take a look for an example of state that managed to carp this. ringback or contain, or manager go born up and to make very well as opposed to one of the most populated states in the world. and what explains this, our historical investments into decentralizing local governments into building healthcare and other infrastructures. which necessarily did not happen in case of

the they do to say corruption due to other political factors that have been a play and therefore the approaches to 2 different areas. is that what you mean by the decentralization? yes, so the synchronization needs where you be centralized power to up to the local level, and you'll see in india case the fungi at the local governing board to use the amount of power and resources to go. barnes because they are the last leg of delivery of services to the people in the most remote rural areas. and therefore the management should have been kind of top bottom up rather than you know, complete top down. and so we see a diversity of response and of course, leaving that we have to feature for other social political strategy fires as i mentioned before. and which is there anything that we've seen during the 2nd wave in india that leaves you thinking that a 3rd wave can be prevented?

well yeah, a couple of things. firstly, i think we have learned that we should not already accept victory over a virus which is still ongoing. we need to be more prepared and not this mental health care infrastructure and other infrastructure facilities. and particularly, we need to take into account, for example, the migrant crisis that affected the 1st wave so that it could not have happened much in the 2nd wave. so taking into consideration the most vulnerable groups and, and so that in a tug wave, these communities can be protected and that can be more preparedness. and i said from the christian mickelson institute, thanks for joining us on the curve at 1900 special. thank you so much. and now it's the part of the program where we put one of your questions to ask science correspondent, derek williams. paul, i had my c conducive sign. we could be,

but i also want to get to vaccine certified by the w h o e. you. how long should i wait? since this question came in the vaccine made by sign a back which, which is called the vero cell vaccine, its received an emergency use listing from the w h o. it's still under review at the european medicines agency. but i still want to look at this topic because i received questions like this one all the time. that's down to the fact that in trials inactivated virus vaccines made by chinese manufacturers had lower efficacy numbers than for example, approved messenger r n a vaccines. and there are also now some doubts about how well they work against the delta, very, and of stars covey too. so, so let's look at what the experts are saying so far about getting booster shots

with the 2nd type of vaccine after being vaccinated at least one with another mixing and matching is already going on with different vaccine platforms. big clinical studies, looking at a range of combinations of different vaccines, are progressing pretty quickly. and there don't seem to be any big red flag so far when it comes to safety. many experts believe that mixing and matching even within the 2 dose regime, that most vaccines require that that might actually turn out to be more effective at preventing cobit 19 than 2 doses of the same thing. so i don't think anyone is expecting that a 3rd booster shot with a different vaccine would cause major problems in a couple of persian gulf nation. for example. they already begun giving a 3rd pfizer via a tech booster to some high risk people who were fully vaccinated with

a sino foreign vaccine. more than 6 months ago. the w h o, however, still hasn't made any concrete recommendations. in science correspondent derek williams. and that's also this kind of 19 special for more information about. you can of course, check out the code 900 section of d, w dot com next time. take care. thanks for watching. the news. news. the news. the news

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the w dot com megacity the multimedia click and under the mm ah, excuse me. this is the news lights on the 3rd wave of code 19 infections sweeps across africa. once again, cases the story across the continent times factory campaigns count, keith unmasked fatigue is making things even more difficult for a pharmacist. also on the program, fragments of the past 18 years after the nazi invasion of soviet russia and volunteers to help me descend to see soldiers. and then the face of their loved

ones has been called germany's biggest post war fraud. scott.