agreed to postpone the game, said tokyo $22421.00. thrown off course. during the one the fine round, not least for sports heroes was flap in the face. but now we just have to fight their mobilizing super powers. i'm fired up and ready. count down during walk down the walk. you go to tokyo, started july 19 d, w. me. what's this be robot doing in the name of science? me and why is this little muscle disliked by fisherman and research? and how can an excess skeleton make heavy lifting? easy all this. i'm all coming up

the welcome to tomorrow. today, your science show on d, w. i x 0 skeletons, other fields of, of the animal kingdom, all anthropology and manas have the heart external skeletons that protect them from the outside world. vertebrates by contrast, have an endo skeleton inside their bodies. joining inspiration from nature recesses have been designing exoskeleton for years. they're often used in medical therapy and can also be put to good use, fulfill keith among the helmet. schmidt, university, and hamburg profess circle. but right now and his team has spent the past 4 years

testing picks those skeletons. these supportive structures relieve the strain on the body. when bending or lifting is kind, we don't know of any universal exist skeleton model that supports several different parts of her body at once. this is instead of systems like you and that support individual areas in the team as on him be they might be the shoulder region like these 1st 3, or they help the band like the others. you see here the some rigid supports made of natural his models an active one with an extra motor. how well suited the various systems off the use for the construction site? for example, it's being tested in a special live oratory. doctoral student sure now is putting on the rigid fix the skeleton that she develops herself. it has a mentor that is designed to help assist the arms and back when lifting heavy

objects. biomechanics research team schubert places reflective mark is that specific points that the cameras will record. the markets reveal the position of each part of the body during movement. the cameras transfer the motion patterns to the computer. additional skin senses record the activity of select muscle grades. the signals are also transferred to the computer sion younger than dickens, lifting 10 kilogram boxes and moving them from left to right conduct. this allows us to see how the system would relieve the strain on a construction worker when lifting or moving heavy object to, but will also show us whether it changes the way a person moves. this mentioned. if an excess skeleton changes natural movement patterns that could damage to join the time. so what do the measurements

show here? how can, by measuring the muscle activity, we see a 25 to 30 percent reduction in the weight being carried during dynamic movements. this means that the package being lifted effectively weighs 2 and a half to 3 kilograms less. and the optical measurements confirm that the excess skeleton does nothing feed natural movement sequences. it's the success next don't, isn't it for a tree that tech system for tradespeople. it's a stuff working in partnership with the university equipment is tested in conditions that are as close as possible to real life. this project is all about teaching plumbing and air conditioning. so the test is being done in a mockup, ball thread over to that testing a fabric ex, it's got a tin designed to support to bind. it's a passive system without noticing the back support works by redistributing the

strain through the harness from the test subject to strapped into an active support system, which is told by a motor to support the shoulder muscle joint. the x, the skeleton has a rigid structure. that means extra weight, but one switched on. compressed air is used to operate and actuators be allow the harness to support the shoulder area as needed. but here too, it's important that the harness doesn't kinda natural movement. the system is designed especially the job that involve holding a heavy power. so above had height for several hours. in the x, we see that the extra skeleton can dramatically reduce the muscular activity needed for this kind of task. off we're seeing, for example, of 50 to 60 percent reduction in the strain on the shoulder muscles as well. so in effect, we only have to do half the work we would normally do to complete the same task.

the research is, make sure that the muscles are still doing some of the work. i do blank garnished. we don't want the machine to do it all. we want to use the muscles so that we will remain strong and capable to avoid strain injuries, and musculoskeletal complaints was gonna time stamp. the test phase here is almost complete in the lab, but when we reach the end of the test phase in the laboratory has because we can't simulate anymore, it will go into the workplace. and so we're very close to that because we want to find out what will help our end users most in real life and in some work environment, fix skeletons already in breaking the youth. how god's wall is a painter and decorator and uses a passive support system for many jobs. when i'd like to learn today, i'm filling holes and smoothing the ceiling before paintings. that means a lot of overhead work, which puts

a strain on my shoulders. and that's what his employer invested in this skeleton. the system doesn't have a motor but uses the bodies of energy when the arms and know it, energy flows into the bundle on the back, which isn't charged. when the res, 6 fun day gets the energy back back, it's the sensation of a floating arm. i think we're boyd in water power. food has been using this system for over a year before the strain on my arm or shoulders. well this is actually the test phase. i didn't want to give it back to the company has since kicked it out, 6 teams that painted me the devices and they all say it makes a real difference. digitalization is

transforming society at a rapid pace. that's why it's vital for young people around the world to become familiar with computing and i teach so that one day they can help shape the future . and inheriting his insurance had a young age is keen. cuts off a lot above about an invention that's turning computer programming into this. oversized b is a big hit at this preschool. it's not toys, but a hi tech tool designed to prepare children for the digital age and introduce them to basic programming skill classic music. and i enjoy using it. it challenges the kids and promotes logical thinking later on to the how to plan what to do to the end which command to enter into the be bought

to program it for korea. and it's really challenging. a great toy was the ordinance of the fun tool was developed and engineered by an educational research group in switzerland. it includes a roll up game board and the be bought. the board has target fields such as flowers and honey and obstacles to avoid the children give the be bought a series of commands such as turn right or straight ahead. if they get the programming right, they'll see the destination, the the for that it's challenging, but not too hard. children in this preschool love playing with the be bought. but how effective is it for teaching young children, basic programming skills professor as best down from the switch federal institute of technology and study. and that question also on board is pietra my

check vendor, the educators tional lab that created beginning to understand how can i to show like how our main motivation is ensuring equal opportunities for teaching i t and schools from an early age ensures that all children are given exposure and access came in, so got that. so then since we live it's live to the family. dennis boys who tend to be enrolled and computer classes and to get the 1st computers computer course uncommitted. and socially disadvantaged children also tend to miss out and to have enough punish, kinda around $8000.00 children have already had hands on experience with the be bought play said they combine a simple electronic tool, but the board game format over the familiar to young children. but what do experts say? can a digital be teach children how to program? and what exactly are the basics they're learning here? start to who are those include putting things in the right sequence,

developing optimization strategies and working towards a goal, sometimes incorporating additional factors. that's what we looked at, prove. her study confirmed that young children are capable of learning the basics of computer programming. although the bod is not the be all solution. why had 2 important hypotheses? first, we wanted to find out whether children learn as much playing on their own as they do when given instructions, and that was not the case. the children need guidance or dislike. and the 2nd hypothesis was that the electronic be bought doesn't always produce better results . some things could be taught better using a regular board game that turned out to be the case, yet we couldn't october. so you don't necessarily need digital tools to teach children digital thinking. but be bars, do have some advantages, like providing feedback in a playful way. plus schools and preschools in switzerland can borrow them for free . so the b balance will be buzzing around this preschool. again,

soon. the know to this week 0 question. the world has run 220000 play share my shrinking research study phones. i've been leaving almost 270000000 tons of ice a year. that meltwater now accounts for about if this of the rise and global sea level. the survey was based on half a 1000000 previously, i'm used to like, think about columbia. had a question about what would happen if all the earth place is melted. one result of human driven climate change is that gracie is around the world melting. in many places where a century ago, there was a thick sheet of ice. now there's only debris,

massive areas of reflective surface have been lost. normally the bright surface of the ice reflects the sun's rays back into the atmosphere. but now the earth dissolves more of the sun's energy, which hates the earth's surface. the heat is then released which causes atmospheric temperatures to rise, which in turn intensifies the greenhouse effect. this continues relatively soon. they will be no glazed is left on the planet. scientists say that all of the 400 remaining lacy is on iceland, for example, could disappear within the next 200 years. in 2019 a memorial plot was installed on iceland to commemorate the 1st glazier losses to the climate crisis. by one estimate, if all the glass see us on a melted sea levels would rise by around 66 meters

cross areas of land would become uninhabitable. even a smaller rise in sea levels would lead to devastating flooding. rising sea levels is just one problem. out of many, most of the world's fresh water supply is stored in glaciers. an estimated 70 percent of it is contained in the antarctic ice sheet is disappear, drinking water will become increasingly scarce. global warming continues. climate models show that within 5000 years, there may be no great anywhere. ah, if our blood is red, why do you have a sons person you'd like us to send it in as a video, text or voice? now, if we feature it on the show, you'll get a little surprise from us as a thank you. come on just the

news. you can find more fascinating stories from the world of science and i was vice and on twitter the. today's places with food during the last ice age and constantly shifting. the motion is dependent on the gradient of the slope, the structure of the ice, the temperature and other factors. in the else in europe, there are thousands of places including the mighty rose lation. it's a magnet for tourists, eager to explore its ice grotto under also a huge troll for scientists. the researchers on the rhone, glacier in the swiss alps are investigating a fascinating phenomenon. how glaciers move, and how they slowly but surely slide into valleys below. in other words, the glaciers dynamics,

an issue of global importance. the globe lavonne does practice. it's relevant globally because practically old glaciers, including their own pleasure slide, and the biggest i sheets have large glaciers where the sliding is incredibly important. let the way they slide determines whether or not these glaciers move forward, whole battle or remain stable of these to see if we don't understand how glaciers move, we can make predictions for the future. how the glaciers will behave and weather and now they'll raise sea levels for high. didn't made us feel unsparing last more than the glacier bed is drawn down toward the valley by gravity. a little like flowing honey. when the ice flows over the valley floor, it can run into hurdles such as protruding bedrock. oh, when the stress within the ice becomes too great, it sometimes released in abrupt shocks,

much like an earthquake. these ice quakes that occur across the surface can be measured with highly sensitive fiber optic cables. they're an important indicator of glacial motion. lacy ologist fabi on voter has laid one such cable. here. we didn't cover sha visits, and this cable allows us to look hundreds of meters down with mountain and we can then measure the tremors that come from within. the glacier. mits even cobbled off measuring the ice quake across the entire breadth of the glacier is critical to understanding its motion. a computer analysis shows all the rumbling going on inside the glacier. ringback doesn't the real time it's coming in now? record seismic vibrations that we measure in the cable. you can combine lessons in

mice. and what we're most interested in is the glacier bed. that's the center of the glaciers dynamic did you know? i mean, when, when a glacier produces a lot of melted ice and has a very weak bed, because water is accumulated there, then it can begin to slide. these light puts at, this sliding process occurs all over the world. enclosures with the bed isn't frozen. that's where the glaciers dynamics come from in dot com exempted unami good . the glaciers motion also depends on the water inside the glacier. using this portable radar setup, researchers can detect that water. the dynamics are also influenced by melt water. water on the surface of the glacier makes its way inside, through cracks and holes. progressive down to the glacier bed, then flows toward the glacier end or snout. the glacier starts to slide more

quickly here because the water acts as a lubricant by reducing friction, alti and glaciers, like here at the source of the wrong river flight 200 meters at most each year. by contrast, the huge ice sheets in green move up to 7000 meters a year 35 times faster. but the loss of flow they follow are the same. so the information gleaned in the out can also help scientists better understand the glaciers of greenland. the animals and even sounds have always migrated your foreign ecosystem. the european stunning has spread to north america. south africa and new zealand posting is threat to native species. the asian come to europe and north america, largely due to the exotic pet trade and sport fishing became towed has made the

jump all the way towards trailing originally introduced to control crop. it's now taking its toll on domestic animals and in europe, a tiny mothers is causing massive problems and it's you habitat the depths of lake constance are now home to a creature originally from the black sea. it's fascinating and terrified when they're aggravating and annoying. we're not really sure what they're doing here. the quantity muscle, if disrupting the ecosystem of lake constants, an important source of drinking water and bio diversity. kristof booth and echo as a commercial fisherman who's halls have been declining over the years. and his fishing nets are increasingly clunk with clog muscles, and dash off country. they've got very sharp edges and depend if you're unlucky and

dredge up a lot of shells and one catch then the entire net is covered with these tiny hold motion. of course that reduces your cash cut. and the congo muscles are too small to eat salutes and they're no use at all. really. the clunk muscle was 1st discovered here in 2016. they probably migrated by, latching onto the homes of both f doorways. for the scientists at the institute, a link research and long and hug and germany, much about the muscles remains a mystery. through close monitoring. the team 1st want to find out exactly where they're colonizing the lake and how quickly they're spreading. if i, if, if we're going to a relatively deep spot now to take samples of water depth of around 180 meters, him on. it's a location where we found clock muscles in the past. with muscles don't usually

live in such deep water. is often by the log in now, and they seem to be able to survive on the food supply down there and grow in the low temperatures their tune up when you present suddenly the clouds gather and the wind picks up a change of plans. the boat has to turn back, the researcher is designed to lower the sieve to collect samples and shallower waters its dragged along the bottom of the link like a sled collecting everything in its path over a distance of 50 meters. the meanwhile talked about is looking at water samples. so it has, after for now, seeing the muscle larvae and winter to which used to be the case of quote, the muscles reproducing even in winter, explains why they've spread and colonized the entire lake so quickly. you can see it here all around the lake dens, populations of $500.00 to

a 1000 specimens per square meter. this is where the muscle has already taken hold . fission oscar pipes. they're also affecting drinking water supplies because they clog up the lakes extraction pipes. the concrete walls of the water work are covered in clusters of mussels. ah, the facility had to hire for additional people to keep them clean. the muscle invasion was already a growing problem last year and also an incredible amount so much more than we used to catch all i see now is quite a muscle and they all have this round belly. meanwhile, they pose a threat to the entire ecosystem. because as all get the sauces a very vague and real concern comes from the fact that there are filter feeders,

they get their food from open water feeding on plant in. and it's too much plankton . there's nothing left over for the other creatures that rely on them, especially white fish, which are the main catches for the lakes, commercial fishermen the. i don't, the health of fish for fish goes off and my hope is for the muscles to be controlled naturally by a parasite or disease which would level out their numbers. or i the the delicate balance of nature has been upset. researchers at the university of constance are also hoping the lake can handle itself. biologist, to his own and live knowledge of the whole topped, have anchored cages at different tempt. ah, i want to use the cage if you compare abundance. muscle inside and outside of the katie's 2 seeds are influence of water burst. muscles.

waterfall might help reduce the muscle population in 2002 scientists using the same experimental setup, found that coots, parents, and push our ducks that spent the winter at lake constance fed on muscles. they fed unsee pro muscles, which are about the same size as clog muscles, down to a depth of about 7 meters. living shine into this winter is an ideal for our experiments because we're having a very mild winter for us. not a lot of the diving birds from northern europe don't need to come to like constance to feel free to clean back at the lab and lung an organ tossed and vener baths team is analyzing samples from the morning expedition. the clog muscles are sorted and counted according to size and age. there is a lot of the very smallest muscles here when it's giving the amount of young muscles and watching the level increase. i can't help it worry what it will be like

in a few years. piano. the clunk of muscle invasion doesn't seem to have reached its peak . the tiny mollusks will probably continue to play constance for some time to come . that's all for today. we'll be back next week with another exciting addition of tomorrow today. until then, bye bye. ah, the, the, the me, the news

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