the discovery the world around you subscribed to the w documentary on youtube. mm. what's this be robot doing in the name of science? mm. and why is this little muscles disliked by fisherman and research? and how can an excess gather some heavy lifting? easy all this. i'm all coming up the welcome to tomorrow. today your science show on d,

w. i x skeletons other fields of on the, of the animal kingdom. all and for parts among us have the heart external skeletons that protect them from the outside world. vertebrates by contrast have an endo skeleton inside their bodies. joining inspiration from nature recesses has been designing exoskeleton will. yes. they're often used in medical therapy and can also be put to good use for physical monday the helmet, schmidt, university, and hamburg present circle, but right now and his team has spent the past 4 years testing fixes skeletons. these supportive structures relieve the strain on the body when bending or lifting on time. we don't know of any universal exist skeleton model that supports several

different parts of the body at once. this is instead of systems like that support individual areas in the team, assign him be they might be the shoulder region like these 1st 3 where they help the band like the others. you see here, oh, some rigid supports made of metal passes models and active ones with an extra motor. how well suited the various systems off the use of the construction site. for example, it's being tested in a special, the oratory doctoral student, she sure now, is putting on a rigid exoskeleton that she developed herself. it has a motor that is designed to help his fists the arms and back when lifting heavy objects biomechanics research with him. schubert places reflective mark is the pacific point that the cameras will record. the markets reveal the position of each

part of the body to the movement. the cameras transfer the motion patterns to the computer. additional skins, senses record the activity and select muscle. the signals are also transferred to the computer. titian young then begins lifting 10 kilogram boxes and moving them from left to right. the conduct this allows us to see how the system would relieve the strain on a construction worker when lifting or moving heavy object to. but will also show us whether it changes the way a person moves. as mentioned, if an excess skeleton changes natural movement cotton's that could damage the joint . so the time. so what did a measurement show you're having committed? by measuring the muscle activity, we see a 25 to 30 percent reduction in the weight being carried during dynamic movement.

this means that the package being lifted effectively weighs 2 and a half to 3 kilograms left on the optical measurements, confirm that the x is gotten does not compete natural movement sequences success. next don't is enough or a tree the system for tradespeople. it's a working in partnership with the university equipment is tested in conditions that are as close as possible to real life. this project is all about heating, plumbing, and air conditioning. so the test is being done in a mockup. all threats that testing a fabric skeleton designed to support to find its passive system without noticing the back support works by redistributing the strain through the harness and the test subject is strapped into an active support system, which is trolled by

a motor to support the shoulder muscle joint, the excess skeleton has a rigid structure that means extra weight, but once switched on, compressed air is used to operate and actuated, be allowed to harness, to support the shoulder area as needed. but here too, it's important that the harness doesn't seem to natural movement. the system is designed, especially the job that involves holding a heavy power above head height for several hours. in the exit, we see that the extra skeleton can dramatically reduce the muscular activity needed for this kind of task. we're seeing, for example, of 50 to 70 percent reduction in the strain on the shoulder muscles as well. so when effect, we only have to do half the work we would normally do to complete the same task. the research is make sure that the muscles are still doing some of the work

as your blank garnished, we don't want the machine to do it all. we want to use the muscles so that we will remain strong and capable to avoid strain injuries and musculoskeletal complaints, skeletons stand. the test phase here is almost complete in the lab, but when we reach the end of the test phase and the laboratory has because we can't simulate anymore, we will go into the workplace. and so we're very soon to do that because we want find out what will help our end users most in real life on best in some work environment, fix skeletons already in regular use. how god's wall is a painter and decorator and uses a passive support system for many jobs. when about today, i'm filling holes and smoothing the ceiling before paintings. that means a lot of overhead work which puts a strain on my shoulders. and on that point, his employer invested in this x, his skeleton, the system doesn't have

a motor. but using the bodies of energy, when the arms and know it, energy flows into the funder on the back, which is in charged. when the on the raise, the fun that gets the energy back. i guess the sensation of a floating home as if it were in water. how god has been using this system for over a year before the strain of my arms and shoulders. well, just because the test phase, i didn't want to give it back to the company, kicked it out, sixteens of painted devices, and they all say it makes a real difference. digitalization is transforming society at a rapid pace. that's why it's vital for young people around the world to become familiar with computing. and i t for that one day they can help shape told future

inheriting his interest at a young age is team. project has a lot of about an invention that's turning computer programming into this oversized be, is a big hit at this preschool. it's not toys, but a high tech tool designed to prepare children for the digital age and introduce them to basic programming skill classic music. and i enjoy using it, it challenges the kids and promotes logical thinking. is the laker and for the how to plan what to do to the end which command to enter into the be bought to program it for korea. and it's really challenging a great toy, was affordance of the fun tool was developed and engineered by an educational

research group in switzerland. it includes a roll up game board and the be bought. the board has target fields such as flowers and honey and obstacles to avoid the children give the be bought a series of commands such as turn right or straight ahead. if they get the programming right, they'll see the destination, the these for them, it's challenging, but not too hard. children in this preschool love playing with the be bought. but how effective is it for teaching young children, basic programming skills professor as best down from the switch federal institute of technology and sure it is study that question also on board is paid out of my check vendor of the educational lab that created beginning to understand how can i to show like how our main motivation is ensuring equal opportunities?

and so my teaching i t and schools from an early age ensures that all children are given exposure and access came in. so got that for lindsey, since we live, it's live to the family. then as boys who tend to be enrolled and computer classes and to get the 1st computers on your computer course uncommitted. and socially disadvantaged children also tend to miss out to have enough punish, came around $8000.00 children, have already had hands on experience with the be bought play set. they combine a simple electronic tool, but the board game format already familiar to young children. but what do experts say? can a digital be teach children how to program? and what exactly are the basics they're learning? here? are those skills include putting things in the right sequence, developing optimization strategies and working towards a goal, sometimes incorporating additional factors. that's what we looked at, prove. her study confirmed that young children are capable of learning the basics

of computer programming. although the bought is not the be all solution. we had 2 important hypotheses. first, we wanted to find out whether children learn as much playing on their own as they do when given instruction. and that was not the case. the children need guidance. or despite the 2nd hypothesis was that the electronic be bought doesn't always produce better results. some things could be taught better using a regular board game that turned out to be the case. yet we couldn't october, which you don't necessarily need the digital tools to teach children digital thinking. but be able to have some advantages, like providing feedback in a playful way. plus schools and preschools in switzerland can borrow them for free . so the be balance will be buzzing around this preschool again soon. the i know to this week 0 question.

the will run to this is $20000.00 place here. my stuff shrinking a research study found they've been losing almost 270000000 tons of eyes a year. that meltwater now accounts for about a authorized and global level. the survey was based on half a 1000000 previously i'm used satellite imaging, but think about lumpy. i had a question about the what would happen if all the earth place is melted? one result of human driven climate change is that gracie is around the world melting. in many places where a century ago, there was a thick sheet of ice. now there's only debris, massive areas of reflective surface have been lost. normally, the bright surface of the ice reflects the sun's rays back into the atmosphere. but

now the earth absorbs more of the sun's energy which hates the earth's surface. the heat is then released, which causes atmospheric temperatures to rise, which in turn intensifies the greenhouse effect. is continues relatively soon. they will be no life is left on the planet. scientists say that all of the 400 remaining lacy is on iceland, for example, could disappear within the next 200 years. in 2019 a memorial plot was installed on iceland to commemorate the 1st glazier losses to the climate crisis there. by one estimate, if all the glass see us on earth melted, sea levels would rise by around 66 meters areas of land would become uninhabitable. even a smaller rise in sea level would lead to devastating flooding.

rising sea levels is just one problem out of many, most of the world's fresh water supply is stored in years and estimated 70 percent of it is contained in the antarctic ice sheet. white, these disappear drinking water would become increasingly scarce. global warming continues. climate models showed that within 5000 years, there may be no glazed is left anyway of the red. why do you have a size pressing you'd like us to send it in as a video text or voice them? if we feature it on the shows, you'll get a little surprise from us as a thank you. and i just almost the even sign more fascinating stories from the world of science on our website and on

twitter. the today's places was during the last ice age and constantly shifting. their motion is dependent on the gradient up the slope, the structure of the ice, the temperature and other factor in the else in europe, there are thousands of places including the mice he rode glacier. it's a magnet for turing eager to explore its ice grotto and it's also a huge tool for scientists. the researchers on the rone glacier in the swiss alps are investigating a fascinating phenomenon, how glaciers move, and how they slowly but surely slide into valleys below. in other words, the glaciers dynamics, an issue of global importance. the globe lavonne practice, it's relevant globally because practically all glaciers,

including their own pleasure, slide, and the biggest i sheets out large glaciers where the sliding is incredibly important. let the way they slide determines whether or not these glaciers move forward, hold back or remain stable of the so we're seeing. if we don't understand how glaciers move, we can make predictions for the future. how the glaciers will behave and weather and how the res sea levels is the next a fight. he didn't mean to be a good, unsparing last. the glacier bed is drawn down toward the valley by gravity. a little like flowing honey. ringback when the ice flows over the valley floor, it can run into hurdles such as protruding bedrock. oh, when the rest within the ice becomes too great, it sometimes released in abrupt shocks, much like an earthquake. these ice quakes that occur across the surface can be

measured with highly sensitive fiber optic cables. they are an important indicator of glacial motion. glitzy ologist fabi on volta has laid one such cable here, matina carver, shown visits. and this cable allows us to the hundreds of meters down the mountain . and we can then measure the tremors that come from within the glacier. it's even covered as measuring the ice quick across the entire breadth of the glacier. it's critical to understanding its motion. a computer analysis shows all the rumbling going on inside the glacier. doesn't the real time it's coming in now record seismic vibrations that we measure in the cable. you can carbon lessons, mice than what we're most interested in is the glacier bed. that's the center of the glaciers, dynamic central nami, when, when a glacier produces a lot of

a melted ice and has a very weak bed, because water is accumulated there and then we can begin to slide. these light puts at this sliding process occurs all over the world. enclosures with a bed isn't frozen. that's where the glaciers dynamics come from in dot com because i'm to denominate the glaciers motion also depends on the water inside the glacier . using this portable radar setup, researchers can detect that water. the dynamics are also influenced by meltwater water on the surface of the glacier makes its way inside through cracks and holes. progressive down to the glacier bed, then flows toward the glaciers and or snout. the glacier starts to slide more quickly here because the water acts as a lubricant by reducing friction. alpine glaciers like

here at the source of the wrong river flight 200 meters at most each year. by contrast, the huge sheets in greenland move up to 7000 meters a year 35 times faster. but the law, the flow they follow are the same. so the information gleaned in the out can also help scientists better understand the glaciers of greenland animals and even sounds have always migrated to foreign ecosystems. the european starving has spread to north america, south africa and new zealand, posing a threat to native species. the asian come to europe and north america, largely due to the exotic head trade and sport fishing became tow. it has made the jump all the way to strange. originally introduced to control contests. it's now taking its toll on domestic animals and plants. and in europe,

a tiny mothers is causing massive problems in its new habitat. the depths of lake constance are no home to a creature originally from the black sea. this is fascinating and terrified when there, aggravating and annoying if it were not really sure what they're doing here. the clunk muscle disrupting the ecosystem of lake constance, an important source of drinking water and biodiversity kristof booth and echo is a commercial fisherman whose halls have been declining over the years. and his fishing nets are increasingly clogged with clog muscles, and dash off country. they've got very sharp edges and depend if you're unlucky and dredge up a lot of shells and one catch then the entire net is covered with these tiny hole. so of course that reduces your cash code and,

and the congo muscles are too small to eat. the loosen up there. no use at all. really. the clunk of muscle was 1st discovered here in 2016, they probably migrated, latching onto the homes of both store ways for the scientists at the institute of lake research and long and hawk in germany. much about the muscles remains a mystery through close monitoring. the team 1st want to find out exactly where they're colonizing the lake and how quickly they're spreading. on it. if we're going to a relatively deep spot now to take samples of water depth of around 180 meters on, it's a location where we found plug muscles in the past. the program muscles don't usually live in such deep water is often by the log in now they seem to be able to survive on the food supply down there and grow in the low temperatures. they're 2

different temper fucking suddenly the clouds gather and the wind picks up a change of plans. the boat have to turn back. the researchers designed to lower the sieve to collect samples and shallower waters its dragged along the bottom of the link like a sled collecting everything in its path over a distance of 50 meters. the meanwhile toasters in about is looking at water samples. set off for now, seeing muscle larvae and winter to which used to be the case of quicker mussels reproducing even in winter, explains why they've spread and colonized the entire lake so quickly as you can see it here. all around the lake dens. populations of $500.00 to a 1000 specimens per square meter. this is where the muscle has already taken hold . sure,

oscar pipes. they're also affecting drinking water supplies because they call gum the lakes extraction pipes. the concrete walls of the waterworks are covered in clusters of mussels. ah, the facility had to hire for additional people to keep them clean. the muscle invasion was already a growing problem last year. and it's an incredible amount so much more than we used to catch all i see now is quite a muscle, so they all have this round belly. meanwhile, they pose a threat to the entire ecosystem. because as all get the sauces a very vague and real concern comes from the fact that there are a filter feeders, they get their food from open water on some feeding, on plankton. and it's too much blank, and there's nothing left over for the other creatures that rely on them,

especially white fish, which are the main catches for the lakes. commercial fishermen. i don't help them, patricia, for the fish. money goes off and my hope is for the muscles to be controlled naturally by a parasite or disease which would level out their numbers or i the, the delicate balance of nature has been upset. researchers at the university of constance are also hoping the lake can handle itself. biologist, who is on and lim, knowledge of the hotel. we have anchored cages at different times the. i want to use the cages to compare abundance. muscle inside and outside of the katie's to seeds are influence of water burst. muscles, waterfall might help reduce the muscle population in 2002. scientists using the

same experimental setup, found that coots parents, and push our ducks that spent the winter at lake constance fed on muscle. they fed unsafe pro muscles, which are about the same size as clog muscles, down to a depth of about 7 meters. letting shunt of into fruits this winter is an idea for our experiments because we're having a very mild winter for us. not a lot of the diving birds from northern europe don't need to come to like constance to feel free to came back at the lab and lung and organ tossed. advance team is analyzing samples from the morning expedition. the clog muscles are sorted and counted according to size and age. there is a lot of the very smallest muscles here when it's given the amount of young muscles and watching the level increase. i can't help it worry what it will be like in a few years, piano. the clog muscle invasion doesn't seem to have reached its peak. the tiny

mollusks will probably continue to play constance for some time to come that so for today, we'll be back next week with another exciting addition of tomorrow today. until then by, by the, the ah, the news. the news?

the news, the news the the ah, an incredibly hostile environment against the site of international conflict, peaceful cooperation, antarctic scientific investigation, struggle getting on full control and natural resources. a message from another planet. 75 minutes on dw,

the little guy that is a 77 percent. the platform is used to be issues and share ideas. you know, we are not afraid to ask and then it gets puffy young people clearly have the solution, the future, the 77 percent. now, every weekend on b, w in december, 2019 the european council president show me shows embarked on a ground breaking mission. i have a clear job to make sure of the 1st time that i joined the planets by 2015 but not all member states supported and some persuasion is requiring

a surprising glimpse into the very heart of power negotiations. money use money can be a process flattery and the lead times often go astray. when the game of diplomatic poker use interest power plays and alliances behind the climate summit starts august 5th on d, w. mm ah excuse

. ah, this is the w news, lived from berlin, italy, or crown champions that year or 2020. the italy fans celebrates that team defeats england. penalties, shoot us out when they lift a trophy for the 2nd time in the history. also coming out protests break out in cuba as thousands take to the streets against food shortages and arising prices.