they invade our private lives through surveillance. hidden opaque, secretive. what's true? what's vague? it doesn't matter. the only criteria is walked. we'll hook people up. we shed light on the opaque worlds. who's behind the benefits and why are they a threat to us? all opaque worlds starts january 5th on d, w. mm. how can drones, both cheap and versatile advance research? also on the show we had to japan where new and old technologies are being used to make stunning replications of art. but we begin with the close up look at the james

web space telescope. scientists have great hopes for it to discover the alum. ah, welcome to to morrow to day. the science show on d, w. 321 and what dog to play some discovery with the hubble space telescope window on the unit. just over 30 years ago, travel space telescope was launched into orbit. it's been sending back stunning images from the depth of space ever since. thousands of publications have been written based on without salvation, but with advancing age they comes advancing new technology and thus hubble is due to be replaced by the james web space telescope. soon after the launch has been delayed several times in the past,

one of the most expensive scientific endeavors is now ready to go. oh, humanity is new. i in the sky, succeeds the renowned hubble space telescope puddles, e poncas discoveries were only possible because astronauts could reach out to install a new instrumentation. oak hubble is positioned only 500 kilometers above the earth . the new james wham telescope, however, will be beyond human reach. it will remain in the earth shadow, some one and a half 1000000 kilometers away, tracking the planets orbit around the sun. the base of the satellite telescope will permanently face sun words, a sun shade, the size of a tennis court will stretch across its supply unit. it will shield the telescope and it's instruments from light pollution. with the wind telescope, 6 and a half meter mirror dwarfs hovels reflector, it's made up of 18,

hexagonal segments coated with a thin layer of vaporized gold. which reflects in for red light especially well. the mirrors body is made of beryllium, a light white metal which holds its form even an extreme cold, hard to believe. but it took only 48 grams of gold to coat all its segments. remote controlled actuators are mounted on the back of each segment. the small motors can pivot and turn them in 6 directions. to take really clear photographs, the segments will be adjusted exactly once the telescope is out in space. the main mirror collects light and reflected on to a smaller mirror which focuses at via 2 more to the telescopes, measuring instruments. probing the universe is mysteries. the universe is constantly expanding, and the further other galaxies are away from us,

the faster their receding as the objects move away from us. the wavelengths of the light emitted by these distant objects shift towards the red. so web is especially well suited to capture the longer end for red wavelengths. it'll be able to look much further into the past than hubble. capturing images of the universe is 1st, stars and galaxies. it's in for read, i will be able to penetrate dense clouds of dust to see what's hidden behind them. mm. astronomers are expecting to gain totally new insights into the creation of stars and planets within our own solar system. when will investigate the remnants of its ancient past, the icy bodies plowing their way through the costs most far beyond the planets. but for blast off, the huge james web telescope will have to be folded together like

a piece of luggage. james webb, the full manasseh chief, is said to have discriminated against homosexual people in the workplace. science has signed a petition to change the telescopes name, but nasa says the allegations are unproven, so the telescope still bears the name james web. black holes are among the most fascinating phenomena in the universe. these gigantic objects, test the limits of human imagination, research into them as by jim, an astrophysicist hein, hot again. so for instance, was recognized with a nobel prize in physics in 2020 but there are still many mysteries surrounding black holes. we meet an astrophysicist who wants to explore black holes using the james web space, telescope, dominica, violette, select will be among the 1st to conduct research using the new james web space

telescope. her team is one of 13 that have been chosen to begin work as soon as it's up and running them an hour. thanks, matt, asking me to vegas when i start to really delve into astronomy and realized that what we see with our naked eye when we look up at the starry sky is only minute part of what is actually there. it does something to you and done with, i'm guns and i still get goosebumps when i think about it. ag, mrs. gens out and metabolic nevada. the astrophysicist is interested in super massive black holes embedded at the center of large galaxies. as they devour the material around them, they blast out powerful radiation winds. she says, these winds can promote or prevent the formation of stars in a galaxy. the link between black

holes and the evolution of galaxies is one of the key questions in modern day astrophysics. the one that my, that i who masked over the course of all test when you think about the size of a super massive black hole, the galaxy, and the science of the galaxy, that host it, that the difference is huge. and armed with us, when they say, well, it's like comparing a one sent coin smith with the moon with heck lived and taught them. and yet during their active growth phase, these super massive black horse are able to exert such an enormous influence on their galaxy. just how they do that is what she wants to understand. after all, we to live in a galaxy the milky way already as a child. dominica violets. aleck began to wonder where the edge of the universe lie

and what's beyond it. ah, because she never got a satisfactory answer. she decided to study physics and specialize in astronomy and i felt as if whatever beneficial 5 unique habit i'm just so happy to have the privilege of studying the universe as my profession on amazon hassle. and that i get to discover the secrets of the universe. hi, mrs. only resident in close. ok. and soon, thanks to the james web telescope, she'll be able to study galaxies that are far, far away. ones that even with the hubble telescope only appear as docs in space. the new telescope will provide a much clearer view of these objects. the light from those distant worlds has taken more than 12000000000 years to reach us. so it dates back to a time when black holes were gobbling up huge amounts of material and blasting out powerful radiation winds. the data should reveal what effect that had on the

galaxies around them. does that and apples i and isn't it? the data won't just be 2 dimensional. a picture cut out from a larger image, but 3 dimensional analysis. so going, until in other words, there's a spectrum hiding behind each and every pixel on that 2 dimensional image is that's my day off lamb inspect home fish decked. those spectra will show how much gas is contained in these distant galaxies. how fast that gas is moving, and even in what direction it's moving. vullez select says that data will allow us to better understand how galaxies are formed. a filter wheel like this one is also installed in the camera that you used to study those far away galaxies. it was developed here at the mox plan institute for astronomy. as the launch date approaches, the sense of anticipation is rising. the launch of the james web telescope was

initially planned for 2007, but was repeatedly postponed now. dominica, violet. select can't wait for the arrival of the 1st data am ins. often, diana, and we have a certain responsibility to convince the public and the astronomical community of the james web telescopes quality with the data, which we will obtain aft dabbled, and from eons on fast. therefore, we'll have to be well prepared. and them as military sig, rudolph robertson, both of the big telescopes, so called wings were folded so they can fit into the launch vehicle. there's never been a satellite with so many moving parts, able take 2 weeks to get everything unfolded and in its right position. in that time, nothing can go wrong. 6 months after the launch date, the new telescope should finally be ready to begin studying the secrets of the universe or so. and now let's change perspective and view things from above

with drones. these devices have many uses, like, for instance, observing volcanoes. the global drone market has been steadily taking off and the growth promises to keep soaring in the future. science puts drones to good use with collecting environmental data. we made researchers working these flying laboratories, a disused air field in northern germany. far away from residential areas, roads and rail tracks. an ideal proving ground for scientists from brownish bikes. technical university. they're testing drones with

a maximum take off weight of 26 kilograms. extensive aerospace safety zones are mandatory for airborne equipment of the size to day 3. different systems will be taking to the skies of fixed wing drone and to multi copters. ah, the 1st is called mass spar. it's a flying laboratory. as this is hostile form, it's a pollution drawing it carries instrumentation to measure pollutants. foster missed the brit like roadside monitoring stations. so this cup to monitor a sued particulate matter owes on and other nauseous. substances watched over miss bar will be deployed alongside auto bonds and the like. it can be programmed to autonomously fly over a different checkpoints, and varying altitudes transmitting air quality data in real time fire radio.

the branch my team are also supporting other research projects with their monitoring drones. in 20172 of them joined the polish down research vessel and the arctic. one of their tasks was monitoring the distribution of the greenhouse gas methane in the polar region. there kwan copped or collected air samples up to an altitude of a 1000 meters to day as mess far returns after a short flight. the team are preparing their 2nd drone. it's a fixed wing model called ella dina. it records meteorological data, might temperature, humidity, and wind as well as aerosols, like fine particulate matter when he got hardly collect that kind of gosh with their bonds, his guns. and when you check pollution at ground level, you don't know what's going on in the atmosphere. it's important to understand the individual processes and their interactions, so you can decide how important which method sol, beavis dixon,

ala dina's job is to collect data for fundamental meteorological research. the data is essential and the battle against climate change, but also as tool to improve, weather forecasting, take off and landing are remotely controlled, but once airborne, ala, deena flies autonomously. this drone will soon be circling above berlin, 50 meters above ground. over berlin, it will be measuring how much the opening of the new berlin brandenburg airport has increased pollution levels. but right now it's going to land and make way for a drone, which has a totally different task called arrow inspect it sport. so $100.00 megapixel camera under its fuselage arrow inspect will scan the old berlin brandenburg, airport buildings. it's batteries only last for 40 minutes, but that's long enough for it to fly. 35 meters above the old buildings and take

pictures from directly overhead. every 90 centimeters, it takes a high definition picture. the resulting photo jigsaw is then transformed by a computer into a 3 d model. even though the camera only takes overhead pictures of the buildings, they're still precise enough for scientists to gauge the pitch of the corrugated sheet roofs down to the last millimeter. a decent void as could cite of us this building shows what we can do stuff. if you had to map this roof accurately for a construction inspection, so you can take these measurements and monitor over the long term, how the building changes in how a deformed ng of upside. but we'll both be far enough to chicago to be fulfilled to say that probably doesn't matter as far as this room goes, live alone. but when you're looking at the rail tracks for large cranes and, and also for trains. and then you want to be certain they don't warm and for deform with time estes's mission for fall and that they don't ship with their position and dusty tops. and if they do that, you notice it in time vol. would i cited a fog vinci's msm?

later in the branch buying research institute, adina gets a new transmitter. it'll improve data transmission to the ground station. kind of technology has progressed in leaps and bounds in recent years. old and commer, drones are being used everywhere as new applications are constantly bang developed . if they're more available, they're becoming more shaped and they fill a gap. so there are plenty of measurements being made at ground level and from airplanes, missile. but in between, as this big gap was on the small scale monitoring that can be done relatively cheaply skipped on a make an offer be used father. things like locating dia, fawn, off to food. an increasing number of farmers now scanned their meadows with airborne infrared cameras. before they caught, hey, because when farms feel threatened, they ducked down and remained still. the airborne infrared camera picks up their body heat and the drone pilot can direct rescuers to the panic creatures. tomorrow

the regional ride that way, the brit further north 5 degrees left and you there was another 5 steps thousands of fonts are sliced and ripped to bloodied shreds every year by combine harvesters. when it will take it over there. wide spread deployment of drones could save many young animals from a hideous state. and this drone can shoot london's imperial college wants to use it to attach monitoring probes to trees. they'll collect data on the health of plants and remote forrest areas. drones are rapidly changing the face of research. they're cheap and versatile and brown fight technical university. scientists are constantly updating their systems, giving these flying robots almost limitless potential. if i look what is

read, why are they bottom with now? it's your tone. do you have a question from the field of science? send us a video text or voice message. so if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. come on to start. next week, tammy bacon from the us asked us about clouds. why don't clouds fall out of the sky? there's water vapor everywhere in the air. that's water in its gas form. consequently, it's invisible to us. but when warm air, which is which in water vapor rises, it cools. and then the water it holds condenses out in the form of tiny water droplets, a kind of water dust clouds began to form. the water droplets are so tiny that warm air can lift them upwards. we can see this principle at work in everyday life by

watching a cup containing a very hot drink. as long as the droplets don't become bigger and heavier, the cloud will stay aloft. even though a cloud can weigh an enormous amount, the weight of a cloud can be determined using satellite technology. there on board radar instruments can penetrate clouds to ascertain how much water each of them contains . a passing summer cloud can weigh several 100 times if conditions like temperature change and it develops into a thundercloud. it can grow to weigh millions of times because it's liquid water content increases as more condenses into droplets. the tiny droplets get swept around in the air currents colliding with others to grow in size. they also provide a surface for further condensation. whilst the smaller droplets continue to float, the larger ones begin to lose height. on their way down,

they collide with other droplets and a crate. correspondingly faster, the droplets eventually reach a point where they're so heavy they all to her as precipitation. bottom line clouds do fall out of the sky, but only after the droplets are big enough to fall as snow. hail or as raindrops. a what should be done with looted art from colonial era's bow. a debate that has intensified in recent years. but priceless artworks are not always sacred to oh wow. i go sometimes there are people seeking to destroy them as 2001 in afghanistan in the valley of balmy on with the extreme as taliban group sought to decimate buddhist culture. but in japan stolen damaged or even destroyed artifacts can

now be given a 2nd chance at life. putting on the final touches hit a t o she. now mickey is using a paint made of lapis lazuli. similar to that used on the original the 7th century mural was inside the balmy on caves and afghanistan destroyed by the taliban in 2001. this is a replica one, i had to go out, caught it at all. this one ural could once be seen by the african people, if you got on it. but after it was destroyed, that meant they could no longer know their own culture. they will know suitable to that, i think those mural will be able to tell the africans about it again. all of my faculty started with, i think in thought using records from the destroyed unesco world heritage site. japanese experts have created a stunning reproduction in japan. conservation is being taken to the next level at the heart of the capitals museum district and c of leading art institutions. tokyo

university of the arts is bringing together scientists and artists to rescue cultural heritage. in the lab, there are making stunningly realistic copies using high end technologies. this is one of the lamps masterpieces of facsimile of a buddha statue, which is located in hor, uti temple, and nora. the actual national treasure has survived, but no unscathed elements were missing in the original, such as the hairs color or a circle of carved arrows around the figure's head. the laboratory has set itself the challenge of recreating the statue to look like it did back in the 7th century . oh ok. so griffith, they duck in with some of it. we measured the rules statue all. we scanned it was a 3 day scanner, and based on this data, we made a 3 day printed prototype of this statue. little for the, the did, the with on me,

will call no your, not the dc from this prototype. we then mo, didn't measure the actual composition of the bronze looking and adjusted it to match the parent composition the same, but owns and all he said with the multi, okay, if we then made a wrap up like her and metal, which we then corned into a cultural object accessing the whole could on with even though it started off as a computerized model. now artists are well on their way to re creating the form, as well as the texture of the artwork. here a thin upper layer of clay is being carved by hand on this reproduction of a buddhist sculpture from the mogul cave near dunn, hong and china's far northwest leader still go went bowl ne, did with the yacht, the illness he knew we believed food is our job to make it possible for the viewer

to have an experience as if they had actually seen the real object themselves. to be on this gay, the wall for they will struction is a part of human nature. but i believe that we also have the power to restore, to put all this artist and scientist must saki me. azako leads the project which uses modern technology to super clone cultural heritage and take audiences back in time to go on. this alone is shiny gold. same as when it was built, should there been an article this can be seen in both a record and both? no one you can, but i think it's very rare to find an actual reproduction like this in order for your corpus children. joe was want to confirm up, didn't have to do all the missing parts. i have been replenished,

who actually was bit quoting model is nautica whom with them. but i know what this is one way to go beyond imitation by reproducing the wood carving to 1st over and filling in the missing parts. i'm done the whole cups of a choice of stuff through the photograph. these very special replicas are already displayed in certain exhibitions. all over japan, but the method could have been global potential. the experts say it could resolve the thorny issue of looted art for thermal cutout properties. how's the rent the abroad, and the collective in the museums. so originated country house, nothing in the cave, food park, ron coker property turn, gave the offer to choose what is you know, or clone culture appropriate could art clone soon be feeling the world's museums. first, a major cultural difference will have to be branched. the japanese people link authenticity with craftsmanship rather than original substance. they're used to

rebuilding their cultural heritage because of natural disasters and their use of non permanent materials. the west seems to have a different understanding of authenticity. so more stories from the wonderful world of science and tech, fine as on the web at d, w dot com slash science and on twitter, that's all from tomorrow to day. for now, we hope you'll join us again next week for another fascinating addition of our sign ship until then, bye bye. ah, ah ah, ah, ah ah,

ah ah, ah ah ah ah, ah. land december 2016. the berlin christmas market attack a shop, the german capital. the authorities say a nissan re acted alone with a mistake or

a lie. investigations have shown henri was in touch with an international islamist network with his victims demand answers. in 75 minutes on d, w. 2, o 3 or not to own. what about a sharing economy instead of a change in thinking is changing the economy to create something new the economics magazine made in germany on d. w. o. the fight against the corona virus pandemic. ah, how has the rate of infection been developing? what measures are being taken? what does the latest research say?

information and context with the corona virus update and the coping gene special monday to friday on d. w. in the landscape. a reflection of a turbulent history. the cities, the mosaic of different people and languages. iran's mountains reveal unparalleled beauty as well. yeah. i saw the scenery is magnificent, but people are warm and are cuisine is exceptionally ah, a special look at a special country. iran from above. starts december 27th on d. w ah

ah ah ah ah, this is d w. news coming to you live from berlin authorities in europe and in the us scramble to slow the spread of the all mc cron variance. the netherlands heads into christmas, loft, l, closing pups and shops. while in the us experts lead with the population to get boosters and think twice about traveling. also coming up chili alexa, left us.