on the decline there was nothing to stop this year's festive event. you're watching dw news. he is a reminder of the top story by following for you. the sour, heartfelt tributes have been pouring in from world latest post, south africa's archbishop desmond, tutu. we've got to think age of 19 to 2. it was a key figure in bringing south africa apartheid system to an end. the human rights activists received the nobel peace prize in 1984 up next on dw is our documentary iran from above. don't go away, take your time for an experiment about time. it can be measured precisely, and yet each person experiences it differently as if there are different forms of time. the dimension and illusion.

about time storms december 31st on d w. ah. ah, iran. a vast country often called the cradle of civilization from the persian gulf to the caspian sea, from snow kept mountain ranges to arid desert. it's the country both fertile and austere. a study in contrast, as is the culture and way of life, of its 80000000 inhabitants a country and its people. a run at the intersection of tradition and change a country with few outside visitors. for many foreigners, iran is the place of and miss, but it is home to a 1000 year old culture in which

a variety of lifestyles, traditions, and religions co exist. mountain ranges, deserts plateaus, the plains and valleys of be filmed from above. this spectacular landscape surf as a lens onto the country's history and its people ah, the mountains, wild and untouched, tamed unto masticated cover. one 3rd of iran's territory their distant peaks have played an important role in the country's history.

heading west towards the ed bought massif, the mountains have long served as a safe haven for many communities and a bulwark of resistance to invaders. and near to iran, the majestic mount dumb of an stance as the natural defense in front of the iranian capital. heading south parallel to the border with iraq. the zak ross mountain range coincides with a stretch of the fabled silk road. near the tuchman and afghan border and its mountain range is much hot. the capital of the region a famous pilgrimage destination for the shiites,

the mar marriot, thus shrine, and its pilgrim donations have ensured much hearts development. for centuries. thanks to the inflow of craftsmen pilgrims, and of garnish. she, i'd, much hat has become the 2nd largest eroni city, and one of the wealthier, once the complex of the shrine is of real tone within the town. sheltering one of the largest mosques in the world. molson turkey works there as a volunteer dedicated to the visitors and pilgrims,

he embodies the tradition of his lands, hospitality and solidarity mongo chanda when i tried to adapt my lifestyle to an imaginary as i was teaching emery, as i said, don't get mad at people be kind to every was just don't ask for anything but don't get tired of others requests. what you wish for yourself, what we should also for others. ah, the tomb of the mom is a must visit for old she i it's as to most and turkey a mom reza is older, more popular because he's the only islam religious leader to be buried in iran. ah, pull that up with his i wanna get rid of all the wanted in about as a child. i came here with my parents. that's when i decided to volunteer at the

e memory is a shrine. oh for them for rosie passion, because out of that a job role normal, you get a shot. the most important task of a volunteer is to guide the pilgrimage. ask you something by the way from all your house. there's good morning. i'm robo. also, you shall, as it is, a religious sized main mission is to ensure their security. i'm calling because i didn't want to amber, aud ombudsman on that auto ball. although you're both sean, that you have more to man. i view a law. he with the number for the help of this from rose on the other one up about 20 to 30000000 people visit the site every year on holy days. up to 2000 volunteers, i called for back up to inform and guide the visitors most

and knows how to manage the crowds that flood in for the major islamic celebrations a ah ah angel. this shrine is open to all her mother, all minorities and fates. out on the outside. it must catholic muslin. christian soon i she, i saw all religions are welcome here i wanted to head on massage. when

the evening cool, so prayer resounds the most important of the day. the venue fills up not only was pilgrims, but with mush hut. citizens who come off to work move in a place of worship. it's also a place of hospitality sharing and above all solidarity. it's a gathering point, a place of contemplation and mindfulness for the cities inhabitants more than 12 centuries old. the charitable foundation that runs the shrine is the oldest in iran thanks to the foundations, health care campaigns,

more than 1000000 people are said to have received medical care. ah, not far from tehran is the highest peak of both the elbows range and the entire country mount dumb avant. ah, it's the iranian mount fuji, an ancient volcano dormant for 7000 years believe to half magical powers at a height of 5671 meters. it dominates the landscape. over the centuries, poets and writers have made mount dumb of and a symbol of resistance to foreign rule, often called the sacred mountain. its peak is high enough that it remains snow topped even in the summer. the lar national park lies at the foot of the mountain.

it boasts one of the richest natural habitats of all of iran's nature reserve. the soil near the ancient volcano is unusually rich. over the millennia volcanic eruptions have deposited minerals in the earth. this natural fertilizer and the warm and humid climate allow plant life to flourish here. the slopes of mount dom haven't a home to countless flowering plants. the most famous iranian honey is produced here. ah mad dot armine is a beekeeper. he followed in his father's footsteps, who passed on his love for bees and honey to him as a young boy. he's now been peeping bees for 30 years. mobile, it is an around the 1st of june. you said we're given

a permit that lets us stay in lar park, but until september, 1st of that year. but my job is we can set up a camp top, but with 10 solemnly hum solely jody. when we do the mustard, otts and cabins are forbidden. here on the road, we set up one or 2 tents. you live here and 12 are behind you door, mum. i cindy roady. the bees make honey from time milk. fetch giant fennel and other flowers as you wish. yeah, it's an excellent honey. why do. busy we have such a diversity of flowers here with it. the honey we make also has medicinal properties. i said the old regime acidic govern thanks to its diverse climate and its abundance of flowering plants species. iran is the world's 3rd largest honey producer. be keeping flourished here in the region even at the

dawn of islam. honey is already described as the source of healing in the koran. in the 11th century, the persian philosopher and physician avi center praised honey for its therapeutic properties. ah, the unable ha, being a beekeeper takes love double duty. it's a passion issue and it captures you just like a drug, was the hum, gotta go to it. ah, but sometimes i take the frames out of the hives to kiss them. that's how much i love my b auto amanda simba, ah, ah

. charles on his arm from all my custody. i remember when i go back to my tent because all my tiredness and fatigue disappear corner you wallader. i listened to the dumb of aunt river m of on before the wolf, enjoying mount dumb yvonne's beauty all year long and the magnificent flowers and the nature that surrounds me here in the outdoors. ah, that's my life and the captain with all its joyce and hardships her soft. it's a good life. ra gm daughter was the boy. whether i'm good. ah zam william, would you, the bees are gods blessing their gods creatures god enough without the bees to pollinate plants and crops, the natural world would disappear within 4 years or so. our very existence depends on that is awesome. although and you're good to have one,

i'm over as long as i have the strength to work with bes, i'll remain a beekeeper than gotta go to somebody. mm. mm. man, dumb of and, and the national park are just a short distance away from tehran. the city's climate is influenced by his geographic location at the crossroads between mountains and desert. in the north of the city, the air is cooler and humid in the south. a hot, dry wind blows in from the desert to ron's geographical location and its distance from old borders. helped protect it from foreign invasion and allowed it to flourish. off to a new dynasty arose, the city became the new capital in 1786. since then, the city has grown and industrialized at a breathtaking pace. today,

the metropolitan area is home to 15000000 people. the city is the economic and political heart of the country. it also boasts the to ron landmark, the as a d o freedom tollett and not far from its historic district religious monuments and the bazaar. a vibrant urban district has emerged. home. the tubby up bridge is another emblem of the fresh wind blowing in iran. the pedestrian bridge links the abraham and the tale, honey forest parks. the tubby yacht, or nature bridge acts as an extension of the 2 parks merging into the landscape. the bold, multi level design does more than connect to parks it buses with life and draws

people from across the city to its many leisure activities. what may come as a surprise, the tubby at bridge was designed by a young woman architect layla, iraq. him was just 26 and still a student when construction began in 2010. ah, like layla, rocky on shiva, newer bosh also embodies the iranian women of today. she is educated speak several languages is socially engaged and is quietly determined to break boundaries. today, iran has more female than male students in its universities, exist to holly education has expanded opportunities for women. oh, i'm to be shot at, it runs on the mic one i'm chatting on, i've,

even as the carriers to provide goals as they living in tehran. i'm close to the mountains, val bull's mountain range, and mount amazon is the highest peak in the country, the papua climbing is my passionate or am i have access to all the best climbing sites? no, it's charlotte. and also south of toronto in the little does wonderful crisis and near my city. my think it, i will days i can indulge in my past and wasn't my favorite sporting possibly by his visors to bob shiva often goes, climbing with her friend zebra. sha savant, one of iran's 1st women professional climates that will not go on there. you know, anyone picked up by the name as an iranian my choice is my way of life. the path i've traveled might be regarded as unconventional, almost within my generations about this. i feel young, but of course it was sometimes hard work because i had to go against the flow, the valley back to get some or reassign gain when you're climbing. when you

touched the rock, the energy you feel is incredible. you see about how my climbing demands so much concentration that are really close to your head, call you to make when you go back home, your full of energy not has imaging energy as that's the lucy ah ah land i am she roba, my dear tal hot i wanna, i must, i started climbing as a hobby, just like shiva. i was, i couldn't restrain myself to day climbing is my life and i'm a professional climber. auto restore, found. so about climbing has let me travel the world. just last summer i was in france to climb the ag do me dna and mom blown out. it isn't. and i was part of the

1st independent to rainy and teen, and the 1st iranian woman to climb the goals rojas following the walker. spur, whenever you had enjo ramos, i, my german colleagues were quite surprised that an iranian woman could climb, that rock faced entry on time. now i've been going cheever, and i to iranian women, a boast professional level climate as modern. just so open connie were high last we can climb the same rock faces as men. don't going. jonathan is the other to think a lot. a lot of girls are interested in mountain climbing. my see, listen, it's a growing sport and i hope it will become more accessible to more people. they me as it can. i hope so too. the topography of iran shaped of rugged landscape travelled by hordes of warriors through the ages as early as the late 9th century persian poet, that those see sang the exploits of this history's heroes. 3,

the 60000 versus of his shonda may the book of kings. he chronicles the adventures of these mythical warriors and a faithful mouse. to day ali good, she an ex horseback all tree wold champion, revived these legendary feet. ah no. take all of our ga fairly. which olive ish a shot, a book on him in a care month. the place we are right now where our world we're now training center is located, but it is in the elbows range yet ish hust. i'll these mountains once had military significance and man all to the more he alamo to and telecom. we're 2 of the fortresses located here, edge angle goodies, high change all day. wholesale evolve, a little gradual. her alamba hood, martha shall mark her tardy street. we know that iranians were one of the 1st

people to domesticate horses and another m. alamba. the on chicken was shot ha, santa can eat on us. we have various breeds of horses to toppled around the equilla, iran's best known breed is the caspian, which was rediscovered 56 years ago when it was thought to have been extinct, hold today's cur. snazzy been named hardnet, be sh. nobody cash flow spec member gets the common answer said to many other breeds of horse around the world. the shiver benoit jut definitely has asked why don't yells parking lot to get. recent studies have shown that every other breed of horse in the world. i live somehow related to the caspian, y'all yankee by gay, a pony as ask why you rhonda? oh says play an important role in iran's history and culture to day ali good. she on a well champion in horseback. archery teaches the technique to his students.

as i'm unique, isabella caught a lot on kasey kid in late historical representations, paintings or miniatures, often show indistinctly. a man or a woman riding a horse as ensemble, whether to hunt travel or fight. ah ah, my thoughts are like your back straight and your head high. ah, this is a side stretch and back bend. during the parthian period in the 2nd century b. c. horse women would ambush the enemy by hiding their bow under their clothes, and they quiver under their long hair. they would leave the soldiers off to them before swiveling around on their saddle at full gallop and killing them with a fatal arrows. this is the parthian shot, one of the 8 old disciplines that ali good,

she and still teaches to day any tissue than to come when a heart she's had it. i wish it all off out at foster. you draw the bow, the better for don't bother mckinney never lose sight of the target was actually understood. twin my sita, all musician english, there are learning cheesy. the 1st thing i teach my students is to know themselves other than that comes 1st. traditional fan only then can they get on a horse actimmune and we ask, follow van. next. they need to get to know the whole as i switch to and think about how they will work together. that's. i'm only about it's a whole now jewel own that's almost that takes time and between. but eventually they already and as the teacher, i trust them enough to hold the target in my hand and let them shoot at it will only then on my students ready, bishop, as i'm handling with

my any of my name is ali gucci on the. and i am determined to keep this age or discipline alive in our modern world unless the elbows mountains are a natural bull work, but they were not enough to repel the mongol invasion. in 1220 the city of ardor beale, which lies nestled in the mountains, was raised to the ground 300 years later otter beale rose from the ashes and became one of the bastions of super m a mystical form of islam. ah ah,

one of the most beautiful sophie monasteries in iran was built by chic sophie alden, the founder of the so far we'd dynasty. the sheik was a spiritual leader of both the poor and the powerful. but he also drew his career from the cities location. the natural beauty and mountain springs brought disciples from across iran, anatolia, and even india. the most spectacular room in the complex is the genie. her ne, the porcelain gallery, the hundreds of alcoves were originally designed to display the royal porcelain collection gift, sent by the chinese empress. much of the collection was transported to the state hermitage museum in saint petersburg. after russia invaded iran in 18. 28. ah.

further west mount sutherland overlooks iran's, as i shan region at 4811 meters. it's a pass as the tallest mountain in the alps, mor blah, but it's still only the 3rd highest peak in iran. on salon is an active volcano with a crazy lake. at its summit. there are many hot springs on its slopes, said to have healing powers. the thermal springs have always drawn many visitors, even during the days of the old silk road. ah, one of the most important trading posts was ta breeze, which drew people from far and wide. situated in

a valley overlooked by mountain ranges, tub breeze grew into a commercial hub and multi cultural city. the bazaar here is one of the world's oldest largest and most beautiful unesco world heritage site. the complex houses several old mosques. the great jar may most is next door, and then they are all the thousands of market stalls. it's passages link many former caravans arise and ins, in which travellers and merchants would stop and stay for the night. ah, amelia jeffery comes from a family of carpets. sellers, but he decided to run a restaurant. ah,

although composition, the bazaar is central to the cities identity up, is it anyone who wants to discover the city has to visit it? we're in a breeze when we want to meet with friends, we meet here. ah daughter, bizarre bert, i'm sure will sure. somewhere. it's a covered space, but you don't feel wold in or toyota. this is when you come to the bazaar. you feel at home. i love your store to levels are done. ah 5 she says or no minister somewhere to put this is where i buy all the spices i use in my restaurant signature. dish was no. this one was in love at viola with i love to over overdose because option in this restaurant chef on the as dishes draw on a blend of iranian and as there by johnny influences up gushed. for example, as to you made of lamb and chic piece. off which totally of ambition or us that

there are 5 ingredients in this dish was fun. beat potatoes, chick. peas, tomatoes and bits of egg planted on the 5 ingredients. meat letters, chick peas, tomatoes and bits of egg plans are simon for 8 hours a month. we only use high quality ingredients to get a quality dish valley under our little ship. this culinary and cultural diversity is that the core of the cities identity to this day to breeze is a commercial hub that helps bring together different communities. and that exchange has helped make iran the ethnic and linguistic patchwork. it is today and yellow that there was a lot of them were so much shopkeepers here. i speaking turkish of the orange miniature live la multiple moments did. i'm iranian child when i'm proud to still

be able to speak my native language, turkish partial. and that below is how we've been able to hold on to our language and culture on the missouri batch of the furniture church. global to sure more than a year to chicago, little to ship breeds. we all help each other with you off to your home, which you won't see any beggars here through the track of it or the other probably heard of them understood. i ryan is a big country with many different languages and nationalities on that. all get along very well to big on the really be the truth from ah ah. outside seabreeze, the ancient so crowd that linked peoples and cultures continues to cross the

mountains to the southwest. the mountains also offered an unusual refuge to people fleeing the mongol army. some 700 years ago, they took to the caves to hide over the generations. they cut off the entire village of condo van into the volcanic rock at the foot of the sa, harmful cane of the homes, are now known as cut on the word for bee hive in the local turkish dialect. over the years, the villagers extended their dwellings. today most are between 2 and full stories and include living space, storage rooms, and shelter for animals. while some found refuge in the lava caves, others found peace in even more forbidding and remote mountain landscapes. in the far north west of the country,

the monastery of saint to deus was established on a barren plateau. at an elevation of almost 2000 meters, the monastery complex dates mainly from the 13th century. but according to armenian tradition, sent a deus is built a church here and found at the monastery around the years. 66, same to days, also known as judas to days. oh jude. the apostle is said to be buried here. ah, and armenians who fled the genocide in turkey for iran, also sought refuge here. ah, today the orthodox monastery has a new neighbor, a muslim, sunny village,

another symbol of the peaceful coexistence of religious communities in iran. a young muslim man from the village, tense to the monastery. ah, monday rou, saw lawn, i work for the iranian cultural heritage organization, corum of a job career. how them i'm a technician. i tend to the renovation of and maintaining the building. i was a goes by basically do i make all the necessary repairs to the masonry and the electric score them i will have them. i also tend to the cleaning about the vantage army. kelly saw a church is the heart of our village who saw him out of the church, the village and the villagers are bound to each other like the links of a chain. i'm getting for them. lulu

once a year, the tete takes over daily life in the village. the monastery is a place of pilgrimage for orthodox armenian christians. adomonion bahati thought was a shower that armenians gather here from around the world. michelle to celebrate the in a bursary of st. today of his martyrdom, it was a 3 day ceremony with baptisms blessings, wedding shy and processions around the church, up old one the also sacrifice a land john michelle been with us some that could associate. i remember when i was little and we children were afraid to enter the church and off at the 1st time i was really inside the church was when i was 8. i did county so dusta ah char, the church in the village or my home. i feel responsible to both of them because i grew up with them maybe. ah,

any math or the ambitious kid is subtle. jojo kelly, so you, i'm 23 and i've always lived here man, this by the indoor a so. so mass will yet it wasn't dora and then be so, so, so send out, i'm angel mo, most of my childhood friends, the people i went to school with have left to loose so that they had other dreams way to have how much and all my little years without them i would have for them will know the meat we eat, comes from our herds, the animals we raise ourselves, she hits excellent dogs. the same goes for the milk. no matter though, by women of this village work alongside their husband said to call back one of at the nunez, even the bread is made with flour from our whitfield yard on the far, then we cannot. we chose this light detto drink and we want to live it to the fullest even claimed rachada. ah,

well, the eldest must cease stretches across the north of yvonne. does that cross mountains, fulman natural buddha, to iraq on the west? these craggy peaks and remote valleys, a home to the iranian province of kurdistan. the kurtz, or iran, 2nd largest minority after the other by johnny turks. the region has its own distinct cultural and political identity, which it owes in part to its isolated geography. villages are scattered in the mountains with unspoiled nature. as far as the i can see, the province is known for its forests, one of iran's largest, 2nd only to the forest at the caspian sea. the fertile soil helps sustain

a bounty of oak trees, fruit, trees, and precious woods. a singular environment that helps give birth to an old tradition. ah, ah, i michelle good natured, and both. i used to think that when a tree is felled, it dies belize, rob. but now i know michelle, nobody is in the you the what a vish, but she did when a tree becomes a musical instrument, it lives on the new oh ah,

in the past, these instruments made of high quality local woods, were played by travelling bars and showmen music and song preserved, the old traditions and music itself is passed down from one generation to the next . but they all pioneers, like rockmart a ye, me the 1st in his family to become an artist and craftsman here in the regional capital of son and dodge it as much builds and repairs musical instruments using the finest natural materials in the kurdish tradition. i love him and the last thought i was already working with would be but it was

mainly my interest in music that led me to stop building taz and other musical instruments made of wood home. and i decided to dedicate myself to making instruments, stringed instruments because of my love for music. this was a, i need that us is along, regionally. i wanted to be a musician myself, a whole bunch. but i couldn't find a good instrument here. that's when i started becoming interested in making instrumentals. and finally i became a loot. make myself. ah, jim on jazz. this command is made with inlaid would love it was for the i could imagine there are a 140 strips of wood, different woods. she done a lot of uncertainty cut of the to me about it,

but the mom is arranging the strips on this round surface that they fit together perfectly. is very challenging about gen, situation of cardboard. and all this would do. i used our wall much, were you and our angel tree has fish not and has fish the neck is decorated with ebony. and it's a magnificent instrument message then. ah, 52 that would issue quote us on that music is something we could have in our blood . hot in my home, i to, to my, to my mom has, there is such a variety of melodies in kurdistan. every region has its own musical style,

from young pylon fighting with blue further south. a cliff. hundreds of mesas high overlooks the neighboring plain. mm. these are torn is located on the royal road that once lengthy iranian plateau to mesopotamia, king doris, the 1st built the commercial route in the 5th century, b. e. more than 2500 kilometers long,

it was intended to facilitate communication across his bossed empire. with this bass relief more than 15 meters high and 25 meters wide, depicts doris holding a bow with his foot on the chest of a man lying on his back in front of him. roughly 1200 lines long. the inscription tells the story of how doris defeated the 9 lying kings who had tried to divide the persian empire. the monumental relief carved on the cliff about 60 meters above the plain was made to send a message to his subjects. i'm to future generations embracing,

pulsed and present the people of iran live in harmony with their changing landscapes. ah ah ah ego india. an unequal gain, women and climate change with lower income, you are the changes unless recognition they are the was affected by its impact. but

women and not just going to stand there and watch. they have tangible ideas against the consequences of global warming. ego india, with your own health advocate by tuning into your own expert queen or your coach without any fiction. and with lots of fact be active in a clever way with a 30 minute didn't. oh. hello guys. this is the 77 percent. the platform

with issues and sure idea you know, or this channel, we are not afraid to happen. delicate because population is growing. and young people clearly have the solution. the future belongs to 77 percent now every weekend on d w. m ah, this is dw news and dates around top stories. leaders around the world have been paying tribute to south africa's archbishop desmond tutu who died on sunday at the age of 90. 2 to you was a key figure in ending south.