every day counts for us and for our planet. global ideas is on its way to bring you more conservation. how do we make cities or how can we protect habitat? what to do with all our ways? we can make a difference by choosing smart solutions over stain said in our ways global ideas, environmental series included 3000 on dw and online ah, this is dw news, and these are our top stories. leaders around the world have been paying tribute to south africa's archbishop desmond tutu who died on sunday at the age of 90. 2 to

was a key figure in ending south africa's apartheid system. the human rights activist received the nobel peace prize in 1994 former us president barack obama described to, to as a quote moral compass. his funeral will be held on january the 1st in cape town. usa alliance have cancelled hundreds of slides for a 3rd day due to on the crime infections among staff. all of the major carriers have faced labor shortages as cabin crews and ground staff have called in sick us daily infections have been rising sharply as the varian spreads to dance have burst in ne, in brazil, after weeks of heavy rain in the region, 18 people have died since to rental rains, began pounding by a stays in early november, tens of thousands of had to evacuate their homes. this is dw news from both in. you

can find lots more on our website, d, w dot com. ah ah ah, welcome to global 3000. this week we had to the rain forests of cameroon, home to some now well protected gorillas, cheese without milk and meat free sausages. is this the food of the future? and we find out why chinese parents are hesitant to have a 2nd child despite the government lifting it's one child, ruled every 2nd,

2 people on our planet. $1060.00 that's $80000000.00 people per year. according to the u. n. one in 9 of us is over 60 years old by 2050. that will be one him, 5. with life expectancy rising and our planet's population booming, the global population pyramid is whitening and becoming flatter. life expectancy is improving thanks to progress and developments in medicine. better health care provision and a greater awareness when it comes to health. age distribution varies greatly from country to country. nija has the lowest median age world wide just 15.2 years. japan, meanwhile, has the highest 48.4. germany's median age is 45.7. china's population to is aging rapidly. the result,

decades of government imposed family planning policies. although beijing is trying to turn this around as yet, there's no baby boom insights. i was always a chinese parents want their children to get the perfect start in life. all dingey being offers new mothers, a full package of services for their new boys, rochelle hyde, on your p t. look i. this is a talking diaper. it tells the mom if the baby paid all the babies, temperature is higher than $37.00 degrees. so little it says momma, i have a fever. crucial mamma. how shall i shall official? i shall each diaper costs $0.40. the sensor alerts, the mother's smartphone stated the our product from the baby industry. she insists on demonstrating how it works. yeah. as well as selling baby products. dingey being also runs a real estate empire. she owns morton $460.00 luxury hotels for new parents were mothers can go to be pampered,

right after the child is born. this is how hot holly is. the luxury suite cost around $13000.00 euros a month. that room is over a 100 me to square big have a normal room cost between 5007800 euros customers with the middle or high income can afford that? don't golf? i'm john. oh, gotcha. okay. especially in the wealthy cities, the lobby of this baby hotel and beijing looks like any other luxury hotel with a welcoming committee for every guest than you and her family have enough money. they are renting a room for one month. she belongs to the well educated, a lease with a college degree and a good job and the internet sector. but even she can only afford to have one child right now. you don't know, they will know soon. the face will, if we manage to earn a lot of money quickly, then i'll consider having

a 2nd child for we want to make sure our child grows up in prosperity to how that's into ha, ha ha. the midwife sleeps next to the new mother so that she can take care of the baby at all times. plan you still seem to lack confidence and is anxious about doing the wrong thing. getting ahead in chinese society is a challenge that starts at birth in 18 years. he's expected to go to university, only a very few make it that far. oh oh, so we hope that our child you'll be able to start learning math physics in english soon. i don't want my child to fall behind the others. chinese parents have such high expectations to highs without celia gall. this generation is growing up with wellness programs like china having a child cough an average of 805000 euros. by the time they reach 22 very high, the midwives come from a lower economic class and could never afford hotels or outlays like those. the

communist parties desire for more babies can't be fulfilled. i may be families in the city have the financial means to have more children. but for country people like me, it's difficult if you are either, if only one parent works, the family can't survive a 100. for decades, the chinese government only allowed families to have one child in an attempt to reduce china's population. women who got pregnant a 2nd time how to afford to baby or pay a fine. now china's population is getting increasingly older and there's a risk that by 2050, it's population will shrink by 28000000 president. she, jim ping needs more babies to realize his dream of china's greatness. with the a show ball, a pension in hell sectors are coming under increasing pressure. yemen, the economy will shrink and expenses the social programs will rise with local

administrations, will have to go into debt. young men is they will we see in, hey, long john province. the consequences are tangible. this area in china is aging. the fastest life is hard. most people here are farmers. the cultivation of corn brings a meager income this year. floods destroyed large parts of the harvest. there are fewer and fewer children here. and parents here have to make a hard decision. was everyone wants to earn money, but you want to be with your child to. you have to decide either raise your children or make money. the city of no, her, the elderly keeps of themselves. street life here is changing in front of the houses. tenants are sought for vacant apartments. one jeff who lives in one of these houses. the 50 year old butcher and his wife are raising their grandchild chung. the parents live in shanghai because the pay is better there. every month

they send home money. several generations are paying for shanks upbringing. ah, yes. oh yeah. i think no one in the country can afford a 3rd child. no one can even afford a 2nd child. that's why they don't want mine. long. jeff, who has ambitious plans for his only grand daughter. she helps her with her homework, but that's still not enough. in a few months time she be taking private english lessons. the child's life motto is hanging on the wall. oh, when you are confused, you have to read hello. when you're a line, you can thing. when you get mad jester, your math, i mark your hall for you here were she was, i hope she will one day be rich and have a happy life again. when she grows up, i hope she can go to a good university and find

a good job. in the last 10 years, the population of no her has shrunk by 30 percent. the city already has a ghostly quality. china's leaders are afraid of a childless future. in their her that fear may be slowly becoming a reality. coming late in the countryside, you see houses, but no people with the last generation here we hired while the last generation fears an aging country, many in china fear an aging population. the adults at this baby hotel will continue pampering. the precious new borns are no other types of food require as much land to produce as meat and dairy. according to the un livestock farming accounts for 78 percent of agricultural land use and no matter whether it's organic or conventional livestock, farming has some seriously negative consequences for our planet. to day though,

there's a huge range of environmentally friendly alternatives. oh, what distinguishes these cheeses from these ones. this is the difference. so mess dary production is exceeding its biological limits. industrial farms are exploiting animals and require postulates water and energy. globally, milk production alone accounts for almost a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions in the livestock sector rep, failed vogue and senior as a cheese afficionado from a swiss proceed family with a long standing love of dairy products for him saying no to traditional rack. let's inform dues doesn't come easy. he want to find cheeses, the replicate the taste, experience, and texture of cow milk based ones. but with no animals involved. 2 and

a half years ago, he founded former food biotech company based in berlin. he wants a cheese that can be eaten with a good conscience, thanks to precision fermentation. we instruct micro organisms to convert the nutrients sugars and nitrogen that we feed it to convert that into milk proteins and milk proteins already to the basic building blocks of all the products that we love. when it comes to dairy, they are responsible for the functionality of the products, and we are producing them bio identical the same way you would find them in milk, but without the cows. and if you get real the cows in this whole value chain, then you also able to get rid of most of the, of the downside 3, whether that's sustainability, ethical, or, or health related. unlike count, microorganisms aren't picky about their food. informers lab and bon funky east. and bacteria fed into 2 mentors the byproduct from the regions via and potato industries. then the program to produce organic molecules. these micro organisms

a 10 times more efficient than cows and convert to feed to protein plus a pretty much anything organic. this technology can adapt to what's available locally all over the world, such as cocoa or comb plantation. currently, former is making chines products with a short maturing process for casa and mozzarella. in this food lab at the technical university is berlin. logan senior and his colleagues are experimenting with various flavors and chas. they ain't to serve. not only weakens but true cheese lovers to 2 grenades. creaminess. this is a bit more crumbly. no, you can already. yeah. you can tell like how it's nice and cool. health sounds cool for most cheeses aren't available in shops yet. the company is in the pilot production phase, and the technology is being validated on a small scale voltage 0 once for mo,

to become a leader, implementation based daily in europe. by 2030 with the world's growing population. conventional food production can't satisfy demand, bought, new technologies and diverse ingredients could help increase sustainability. taked algae commonly found in asian cuisine, but largely overlooked elsewhere. hamburg based b, the mars is bringing alvy to german dinner tables in the form of the beloved breakfast sausage. but these are vague and an nutritious thanks to the moraine component mix with spices, potatoes and onions, eigen round and up. so calgary will increasingly important in the future to feed the growing population. and they give us so many minerals and vitamins that are important for the body. you know, i would be term, you know, that's how we came up with the idea of making products where we incorporate. i'll keep it all for come around my home, really for dr. over design integration to give the body,

all these minerals vitamins and all the essential nutrients him crop. what so she up the alga come from an aqua farm of the norwegian, north sea coast, where viva. maurice works with local fishermen. they know the see like no one else and a perfectly equipped to harvest the algae. the company uses 2 types of micro algae, red and brown, and one type of nico, althea, they're unassuming organisms. all they need is that clean oxygen rich c to flourish up to in meters in 4 to 5 months. the harvest is must be careful not to damage the roots. then the algae rapidly grow back again. one harvest usually yields around $5000.00 kilos. lever maurice produces sausages at this factory once a week to keep it vague and production starts at 6 a. m. before any animal made has touched the machines, the founder believes that the new alternatives for sausages and other foods we love could help reduce over consumption of meat and fish. al gay is the perfect

ingredient, and not only for sausages, riley bure shops, m b, then probably didn't have bio shots and also give the body a lot of vitamin austin. how about am pure alvy like the red dolls alga? it can be eaten straight as a salt substitute sites or it can be deep fried and then it takes like bacon. yeah . bacon substitute for begins strictly i'm not sure. was unchecked as absolutely gonna i'll be sausages are more expensive than the meat variety. but these don't have flavor enhances or food coloring, and they're reagan. ultimately, it's up to the consumer cameron's ebay forest is one of the world's largest rain forests, and almost unbeatable when it comes to its variety of animal and plant species. but deforestation am poaching pose

a threat to this unique environment. there is hope though. members of the gorilla guardian club of fighting back this rain forest can only be reached on foot. was on to tier and the able forest research project team are on the lookout for rare primates. oh oh, look and that's a guerrillas nest where you belong to more and usually build them on the ground water. after their evening meal, they make themselves a place to sleep long as a pushy or offered courtesy on board. we have 11 primary species here. the including guerrillas, chimpanzees, drills, and prices red, colourless monkeys. nicole obeyed to prayers. the primates are in high demand with poachers who can sell them as bush meat. jaunty tear also used to make his living that way. but for most of the last 10 years, he's only study their tracks to find out which animals are travelling way in the

forest. he lives in liberty on the edge of able forest. one of the 3 villages that are taking part in the project. they do when i am grasped what impact merging hands and anyway like, it's not really a profitable business particularly. okay. yes, you can earn a bit of, but the income is very irregular. that's why i decided to stop hunting is only a limited edition. he usually now he only gets to see the animals in video footage. the reset is have set up 17 trial cameras in the part of the forest re gorillas live. besides chimpanzees and guerrillas, these forest elephants are also threatened with extinction. and the extremely shy drills are particularly at risk. the eval forest research project was set up by the san diego z wildlife alliance

which supports primate conservation. it's been collaborating with the villagers for more than 10 years. many of them used to be poachers. now they've learned to collect data on the animals or set up camera traffic. anyone who wants to take part must join a guerrilla guardian club. then they get paid for their work. for gandhi drank an on going have to thin out the clearing a bit. so the camera isn't obstructed, cassandra, i hipaa laconia once a month the team spends a few days venturing deep into the rain forest. they use campuses and t p. s to find their way. marcell kitchen has been part of the team for 9 years. the environmental scientist records precisely where each animal trail is found. what's particularly interesting are the movements of the around 25 gorillas that were discovered here in 2002. at to then they were only 2 known gorilla subspecies in

cameron. one group living south of the seneca river and another hundreds of kilometers away to the north. for the reason why we call we are collecting the sample is to do some genetic analyses to find out, well, how related the glass of able to doors, fans hard of the cassandra, the crockery regularly less. it's very significant, and it is even these analyses are finally, you know, finally come to a conclusion. we might realize that in camaros on how the tools hops, dishes of glory love, we might be having a 3rd. one able forest in southwest and cameron covers an area of almost 1500 square kilometers and borders on nigeria. it is part of a large rain forest region, the 2nd largest world wide of to the amazon in brazil, to protect the rain forest in the future. the project aims to include the residence of the more than 40 villages surrounding the forest. the 3 villages taking part in

the project so far all have a gorilla guardians come to enable the residence to feed their families without having to resort to poaching. they can joined the local club. here they get helped to buy life stock or plant vegetables or cocoa. joseph. luckily, another former poacher became a farmer almost a decade ago. he farms vegetables but focuses mainly on cocoa beans cultivation. if he ever has problems, he can get support from the gorilla guardian club like all the other members. members, linda cole, i. the cooper plantation has changed my life. full ashes. hunting is very tiring and you get little money in the end ot ala plantation, we deal with the coca plantation. i just have to get out back and go to work and then harvest as much as possible. could you put on a y o?

like here in mit, there was a small school in the other 2 villages on the edge of the forest. the teachers received training from the scientists and protecting the forest and its animals has become a fixture of the curriculum. people are now what kind of animal is that one? the one a gorilla man lee. the idea is to raise awareness about the topic among the youngest villages. so can move blair down, but i like about the cause. it is the guerrillas comm lazy. i like people alady, and what i learned is that hunting isn't good because animals are like people on the project has made many of the vin, it is see the forest with different eyes like 70 to some 90 percent of the one time coaches have become farmers and that's what the children see while they grow up. but the guerrilla guardians club stones, one things to stop there,

won't go. i'm fed, do we want to know, goes on to be created in which the measures to guarantee the survival of the guerrillas are respected. because the species is in danger of extinction. finished body shown armand. that's why he only takes his children to the edge of the forest . well, look here, this trail. what animal left, that trail, that he saw of porcupine. he wants his children to know about animals. but he also wants them to know when to leave the forest to its inhabitants. in today's global living rooms, we guys to mexico ah, [000:00:00;00]

with lo allow and a service. hi there. i'm pedro calderon and welcome to the rancho. as you know, house in chihuahua and come in well i lengthy i went up of the ammonia, secchia and through lancaster, l. rental luna. the ranch is owned by the mexican fund from nature conservation. he yo yo ma nichol. i manage a deal, and this is where i live. i read an effect, and if the casa, i am really fortunate to leave here in the ranch house or may not like i love it, then, best he was built in the 1970s by the original ranch owner. he lived here for 40 years, and we've yaki and much of what is still here,

was his for them of it by your the like i phone from been vanco. audi he not, ah, it's almost like, was ina gave this is the kitchen without. here is my computer a my coffee, my, it's very cold here in the winter law and that's why we don't work in the office. but in the kitchen where everything is close by. and well, i really like my coffee. so i'm always drinking a more gothic battle, though the thing when we got it, though, at the ample, ah, tell rancho in this used to be a busy kennel rash from there. there was between 1003000 head of cattle here. now the ranch is used for animals species conservation, so we have a heard of mexican bison here and a few cows. he not been among them now, but there used to be meals for the ranch, hands here in the house and canceling back then they had these large tables where the food was served m as as grand as on may. but today we use them for workshops, or when people come to help us work with the bison, your knee, you can go in, in,

and that you add another one of these on. oh, that will put up, but he may. but this is a jar made by the puck you made of which are one of the 1st cultures among the original inhabitants of northern mexico. ac i, as in law sally, this is the living room. i mean, there's also some of the original furniture makita. that's a game table made out of a barrels, a chuckle. there's also a pool table in my side, but okay, it is more of a work and storage table. the article a place to put things for a day, but i'll be out in frank. okay. the quails, we always try to keep the ranch, feel it, them with a month and everything, but in a lambie. and then they'll rancho here are some of the saddles and put as in rancho . yep. and this is my gear. horses are my passion, but need empathy. young to look i of i, this is the ranches official office because it's so cold here in winter. we hardly use it and i work next door in the kitchen. we from arkansas,

whatever. but i collect data here, information about the wells, the map of the ranch, or records of where animals have been spotted. thanks a lot for visit in cash and thank you for allowing us to share a bit of our life here and give you a few impressions of what its like on the ranch. bye for now. oh no. ah, ah, 2 children to countenance one giant problem and with the by the lady leo feature is a delay fax in now will climate change affect us and our children ah, learn more at d,

w dot com slash water. c that's all from us that global 3000 this week. please do get in touch and send us your feedback. whereas global 3000 at d, w dot com and check us out on facebook to d w global ideas. see you next week. take can ah, with ah, ah animals,

i'm clever. and some of the smartest pigeons their visual memory is out standing. can you memorize $700.00 images and recall them at any time? for pigeons, it's a piece of cake. to morrow today. on d w. ah when she is conducting back now, she says she can feel the air burning ethan ah, saline invites very fast women on the venerable conduct. a story and courage, strength and skill meet them. arch 21 lump in 60 minutes. w.

oh. hello guys. this is the 77 percent the platform for africa. you to be faith issues and share ideas. ah, you know, or this channel, we are not afraid to. catherine delicate. this topic, african population is growing fast. and young people clearly have the solution. that future belongs to the 77 percent now every weekend on d w. mm hm. oh, i smarter than we think. we look at the hidden wonders in the mines of pigeons.

and does music make us smile to reset his have found some truly resonating inside. also in this week's d, w sign show we face up to the phenomenon of super recognizes. welcome to to morrow to day. ah. a lot of people have difficulty remembering faces or telling them apart. the key is their cognitive abilities. cutting edge technology can help us to correctly identify faces. as we all know that computer assisted facial recognition is now used to keep track of people in cities around the world. let some of us have similar faculties and police forces are eager to recruit the services of these

super recognizes london, august 20th 201414 year old alice ross went for a walk that afternoon. 6 at 426 p. m or image was recorded on cctv and then she disappeared. the police search for alice gross was the biggest in london since the 2005 bombing the video footage provided vital clues in the cctv capital of the world. an estimated 1000000 cameras track people as they go about their daily business. footage from these cameras is viewed in the headquarters of the london metropolitan police, also known as scotland yard. this is where the so called super recognizers work.

people with particularly good recall when it comes to faces. they identify faces time and again, even partly concealed in crowds or in very grainy footage. yeah. it's a skill that long went unrecognised. an unused problem. at 2924. i realized that the police weren't using see she tv popular note of images just were being used like fingerprints and in a, in a systematic way. so started to develop systems to gather images, to catalog them properly. and as i circulated them more and more, you realize that for every 100 identifications, some offices would, might want to. but some would make 10 or 20. so it really stood out that those people who are real note this is how the world's 1st super recognize are unit came into being it's now led by elliot port, who'd also been unaware of his special talent, was on he really in about 2012, the metropolitan place i said, is new on

a super recognized lesson. my 1st thought was, will want to say to recognize her. and apparently was because i was making successful identifications. i'm from in a wanted posters of criminals. this ability turned out to be the key to solving the alice gross case. a few days after the 14 year old went missing, a woman living in the same district in london reported her partner is missing. he was already known to the police and was identified as a possible suspect. the super recognizers poured over cctv footage along the route that alice had taken to see if they could spot the man to get better just him on his way home. and sure enough, eliot pour it, and his team spotted him, they noticed that the possible suspect kept returning to a particular spot at the riverside after alice grosses disappearance. what did you

like? so he went back to the senior officer who's investigating a case, and he said, look, we think we've found sal cans and changing his closing out to the crime scene. and that was when i found her just over a month after her disappearance, the parents of 14 year old alice grass had their worst fears, confirmed the body of the young girl was found in the river. brent. at that stage, there was still no sign of the suspected killer super recognizers can also help solve other crimes. apart from murder. one of the most successful cases we've had was with the serial shoplifter. we had one super recognizers who, you know, separated by a couple of weeks with memory when that you have seen that guy before. i shall seen him in the,

in our database. and then we started seeing him for 5 times and then we really went hunting nazi of ontario, having a database of all the images of criminals and images from crime scenes. because then we're able to go back for these on so crimes and we had him eventually for about 40 free ah offences. facial recognition software wouldn't have helped. here it needs better footage than the detectives generally have access to agreement university in london, psychologist josh davis is studying super, recognize her powers using tests that he's continually refining with the help of the police investigators. i once one stand the science behind this. i also think that the more we know about this, the more we understand about human memory, and maybe it's got further applications that no one's even thought about yet. a few

days ago, davis showed one of elliot ports, team members, short video clips of people that she's now being asked to identify in photos. the test is intended to reveal how long super recognizers memory skills last davis and pour it are happy with the results. the super recognizers team leader sees the work with the university as vital because we're operating in an area of a place where that is pretty much undefined. and as you know, experimental, it's almost piloting. um, all the forces from around the world are looking our models. in the case of alice grass, the body of her suspected killer was found a few days after the discovery of her body. the 41 year old was found in the woods. he hanged himself,

apparently for fear of being captured the police are convinced that he would have been convicted. the evidence found at the crime scene was too damning, like traces of his dna on the teenager shoes and a cigarette stub. but the tip that led the police to the body in the 1st place came from the super recognizers. well, the super economics unit in the future i think, will expand or across the world. the 1st a murder, solve with fingerprints is about 2 miles from where you all know a 1905, no to scotland yard out. so take that out and show everybody else or to do fingerprints. and then dna came along and, and the british police out to the same. so now we're super recognizers. this is the 3rd step. and, and so we've got to expand this because there's no reason why there are no sheep recognizes in germany or in, in america or anywhere else in the world. super recognizers tend to be

deployed to solve crimes after they've been committed. but sometimes, for example, during big events, they can stop planned crimes, some control rooms, they monitor events by a video link. if they identify known criminals or suspects, for example, police can intervene. but of course they can't do anything if for example, an unknown sleeper is planning an attack. so even in the cctv capital of the world, there's no such thing as total security. there are animals that use tools to secure food and learn through observation. so the species are known to have an impressive level of intelligence. parents have develop their own solutions for specific problems and use form intelligence to

improve their efficiency. while dolphins are not dissimilar to humans, only intelligence front. and there are countless other animals where we know how smart they are. but our next report deals with the species that are higher flyers than you might think. scientist and bo, whom university have known for a long time, the pigeons aren't stupid, but are in fact highly intelligent. their visual memory is phenomenal and their masters of rote learning. they can memorized 700 images and recall them with ease. this is lam pigeon. 094. she is about to prove how powerful her working memory is. to neuroscientist some, ne, 7 chick. these are the images, the pre prism to the pigeons,

the prison dental pipes of items. one of them contains images with the shape, information and color information. and v one can contrast this route, only colors are great, no check information or color information. and at the end of the day, we want to see if the information like the amount of information to provide to this animals can effective or commitment from us. this is the main fame of hers. her pigeons tenacity, and their equity are legendary. they peck away at the monitors for hours on end, but it has to be quiet. we need to whisper shows a system was it's hot and there's an image. if it killed it and that it waits 6 seconds and an issue because either it back to the answer here was wrong. so that's why he shouted the lights and didn't provide food. but as it regards them, you know, that provide food. so did critical thinking that they see stimulus,

then keep it in mind for 6 seconds and then that you according to the systems. so it was incorrect responses. i got the hold already. and they spend their time. it takes exact one north asian for down between these internal data. all can that go and then country 094 is off to the racist. she doesn't know what give up means owner. a good to current wants to better understand why thought processes and such different brains as pigeons and human brains function. so similarly, our own working memory is a good place to begin for a comparative experiment. vengeance the father or when we have to remember the color red then inside ourselves, we secretly repeat, read, read, read, read, read. so we'll store the idea of you. but how does the pigeon memorize it with us? and what we're looking at now though, i'm still not sure we'll find it out, is could it be that

a pigeon rather than using words which it obviously can instead codes these stimuli by a different movement and it was on the copy legal, good, such as doing one thing on read, the less must, and another on green, 0 us more. i'd still an open question. the bottom team has been able to shown that the cerebral cortex with which we think is not only found in mammals. a new laser technique has shown that bird brains also have a structure resembling our cortex, with its typical horizontal and radial layers where complex thought takes place. you believe that because they make an extremely detailed analysis of everything they see with the vertical layer landing. they coordinate it all with the radio layers, the honest me data, just want these structures are capable of becomes visible under the microscope. but museums it, i've lucy here, individual nerve cells marked in dark wood in the tissue. and with the technology

we used, you can see these dark colored cells communicating with other nerve cells mit on the mouth and saying, we can practically see who's talking with wholly to, to meet via the recently made discovery as groundbreaking. something as complex as this was expected. and mammals, but not in birds, of that is conflicting. at 1st glance, the 2 brains look so differently money, but the near you go and the more closely you look at, you can see the same basic principles throughout the beds. the closer we look, the more they look the same that doesn't make master minds of pigeons. in the bird world alone, crows are far superior. yet pigeon still possess astounding cognitive abilities. it's impressive how they recognize and contextualize pictures and even learn if a sequence of letters forms an english word or not. pigeons are totally underrated

. this miss, you missed a bit of a shame because and they're running about all over the place and it would be nice to say, wow, a grandmaster of working memory comes to visit hilton. does that will be cool? ah, if our blood is red, why are they run the video? there's no such thing as to smart, right? if you have a science related question, then as the video text or voice message, if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. come on, just does scientifically, memories are generated by information they're stored in our sensory memory for a few seconds. working memory stores information for a few minutes. and our long term memory stores information for hours, at least,

and usually for many years. but memory is not always reliable. ah, the human lenary is a huge archive that works like a well oiled machine. well, most of the time, but not always. sometimes there are things we just cannot retrieve while the memories land on us uninvited. and there is some we simply can't shake off. here are 3 classic tricks. our memories play on us. all. first up, the tip of the tongue phenomenon. something we've all experienced at some point. what was annex his name again?

hang on. on the tip of my tongue for fun. oh, this is what's going on upstairs. recollection of one particular person is stored in a number of locations. their appearance in the visual center. sound of their voice in the auditory center, and the approximate number of syllables in their name and the language center. in order to identify the person, the brain has to dig up and piece together a sufficient number of those features. and that's where it's easy to get confused. a similar sounding name might 1st pop into your head because it's available sooner . so what's the solution? one answer of to turn your attention to something completely different than to remove the spanner in the works and eventually the penny dropped. oh, john claude van damme. of course. trick number 2. in fact, true memory. that is common reasoning to oda. it's not just unsolicited visual

memories that sometimes bother us, that smell, let her know that from again. and suddenly you might be haunted by a distinctly unwelcome memory. why is that? it's pretty simple. with all our senses, smell is the only one directly connected to the brains, emotional center, the a mig dealer, and also to the adjacent hippocampus, the area where memories are created. therefore, odors and the recollections associated with them are particularly vivid memory. cues, o. number 3, the e were more catchy tune. memories that refused to go. i can be very annoying. like a song you just have to sing along to songs that you can't get out of your head tend to resurface when we're busy doing mundane tasks. and now working memory

has some free capacity to stave off board amount brain browsers through its archives and pulls out a specific song in a similar style to a record player. and, and i heads, we are the he emusic, we adore all that. we absolutely hate this triggers the stimulus that makes us repeat the melody all there expect to ourselves. that creates a neverending loop as you're singing, leads to you hearing mattoon internally, which in turn encourages for the singing. the remedy. research is recommend listening to the song once bull away through to the bitter end and then bury the memory deep deep down in your brain's archive.

2 2 tend to music and the days met, that is a super starved classical music in his own day. and now he composed with 1000 i and then sleggs and said to have magical effects on this i just listening to mozart really make you smarter. the so called mozart effect was identified by researchers in 1993. 0, they gave a group of college students a 10 minute audio sample to listen to. oh, with soundtracks ranging from silent to a relaxation tape options you we go to

a mozart piano concerto. oh, the students were then asked to take a spatial intelligence test. oh, oh, oh. oh, those subjects who had been listening to mozart performed better than the other groups registering spatial i. q scores, 8 or 9 points higher. not a huge leap, but certainly a jump that said the intelligence boost lasted all of 15 minutes, said most. and then it disappeared. but that surprising if short lived effect triggered a media frenzy. mozart makes you smart, was in all the headlines. ah, the impact was especially great in the united states. babies born in georgia and tennessee were given a mozart cd, while kindergarten, kids in florida were treated to an hour of mozart music every day. the scientific

community also seemed enthralled. researchers reenacted via original experiment, but struggle to confirm the mozart effect. it was replicated in some tests, but not in others. o. meanwhile, there was a suspicion that the music merely improved the mood of test subjects giving their brain some brief stimulation. another question soon arose. does it have to be mozart? oh, as it turned out, music by other artists had the same effect, whether as sonata by schubert or a song by the 19 ninety's british band to blur i . so the notion that only mozart makes you smarter and permanently so was just

a myth. but the big question remains. how does music affect the brain? oh, or grey matter is in fact colored by practically every thing we do. that includes listening to music and even more so playing music. what ever the music, practicing and performing leave a mark. any drummers the neural pathways linking the 2 halves of the brain, tend to be fewer but thicker. which is perhaps why they're so good at certain swift and complex movements. surely a well trained fit brain is capable of more than a standard specimen. well, there are plenty of studies that claim playing music makes you smarter. experiments showed that people with a musical background, we're better at certain things. they might have better language memory skills, for example,

or were better able to remember things they had seen movie children in particular performed better on the memory front and, and intelligence tests if they had at least a year of music lessons. the problem is, even if playing an instrument goes along with higher i q test scores, it doesn't mean the one cause the other. ah, i played the violin and was an ace in physics. wouldn't he have been a science? was even if he had never learned an instrument playing music and being intelligent, may well co occur. but whether one contributes causally to the other is highly questionable. more than a 100 studies over the past 20 years have claimed there is a causal connection without sufficient evidence to back up the claim. like muscles,

the brain can be given a workout. but training and one activity doesn't mean you perform better in others . if 2 skills are very different, being good at the one is not likely to make you better if the other, practicing the piano all day is likely to make you a better pianist. but will it make you better at solving differential equations? hardly. ah, still practicing an instrument not only lets you play music, it can also teach you that practice does make a significant difference. that can boost your self confidence and willingness to really apply yourself. so to recapitulate, does music make you smarter? well, there's no straightforward answer, but quite apart from any possible link to intelligence. music is a treasure and

a joy in its own right. whether in the form of mozart pop or hip hop. with for more, from the wonderful world of science and tech, fond us on the web at d, w dot com slash science and on twitter, that's all from tomorrow to day. for now, we hope you'll join us again next week for another fascinating addition of our sine share. until then, but by with,

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