yes, to grow. we're bringing environmental conservation to wife with learning pass like global ideas. we will show you how climate change ended or mental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can all make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing. download it now, feel free. ah ah, ah, ah, welcome to global 3000 and insecure future, the survival of penguins in the antarctic is under threats. dangerous dependency. how russia's war in ukraine is worsening, hunger around the world, and far from home. ukrainians,

fleeing the war and searching for a new life in peace. rushes invasion has devastated much of ukraine. apartment blocks, schools and hospitals continued to be mercilessly targeted with the number of civilian casualties. rising hastily, dug. trenches are serving as provisional graves for many of the dead. ukrainians have shown fierce resistance against the russian army with huge losses on both sides. while the men fight large numbers of women, children and older people have fled the country. their route is often dangerous with the high risk of being shot themselves. several 1000000 ukrainians have already left. thousands of refugees arrived from ukraine every day in berlin alone, including many non nationals who have like slice had to flee. all have suffered

sadness and trauma. it can use no, ma'am. no. it's the weirdest shock landscape like all ukrainians who fled the war by not me shortly. we're afraid what burnett you could put it. we heard the sounds of the sirens increased, and the bombs filled in from one north for the one bush. is a beautiful boy turn 2 days. i couldn't believe i was in berlin. i couldn't understand what was happening. i was in a state of shockley. the floor below shuffled socum, could them appear to be there on the day the war broke out, atlanta, everyone ran down into their sellers, hulu, do of plymouth reserve under ground. but at the north, the stairs, every sin was when i hear helicopters, i think the wars come here. i'm sure it stays with you, you know, in aircraft isn't what it was when you were a child where you look up and think,

wow me now on you here, an aircraft. he thank you. we're at war. move in aircraft, his badge of poor hope. oh the co vault at the showcase. i wouldn't wish this shock this terror on any one. you know, i have no enemies. basically i get along with everyone in the car, but i wouldn't wish for the worst person in the world to perform, to have to go through this. it's truly horrible. if it is it abortion rational, because you couldn't screen loaded them, get to it. every one in ukraine knows they could die at any moment. her doom woman, there's not a moment's rest or peace. i slept with all my clothes are no books could afford. could you hear the sirens did of the plains approaching and courteous? so my job as the duke was sipping as thrust next door is so scary. when someone says something to you at the we have understand anything new the,

it's like you're not there to cushion or to the lot. lot of him up. you feel stupid because it's such a shock and you can't understand what's happened. 8th of the fuck is in your bring him of bruce for did. yesterday. irish dog guard, whatever happens, i think the russians will get their comeuppance. but asking that are dollars for the dad, just the innocent children and people in ukraine. now, grania, it shows a former civilian visorio history won't forget those people will remember how russia behaved and what they've done that for that was the video. oh, move up, the groovy, most of them on the live was mostly for a moment. there was a low ball and we were able to escape was some of lou. we heard the train station was a nightmare, valuable. so there were so many reasonable and the men weren't allowed to leave. men aged 18 to 16, broke down and lied like little children. blush with cook,

mullin. kid, we've never seen that were raised to believe that men don't cry you live. but with the fear of sending their families away to god knows where or who knows where whatever through soon you'll nibbling out. local dog is legitimate, such as a wish, and that should be quite honest. i don't even think about the future. i think about my grandmother who stayed in ukraine and i think about what's going to happen next in our country. did i want the war to stop on right now in your book this year? where did you get your stub was? get a is a coin show us? why not e, i'm so sad that my grandma had to stay and mom crane us dollars. and our candidate to he of course goes zollicoffer. and so stuck is because of me problem. now we're trying god willing to forget our lives over there. a bit nearer the bull cultural title thumb amy problem and we hope we can be open

enough to accept this new life. the bureau. the notary ethan always in the war in ukraine is affecting parts of the world already doped by difficulty in east africa. long running droughts and plagues of locusts have devastated harvests. this has left many nations reliant on food imports from abroad. wheat, for example, often comes from russia and ukraine. this year, prices are set to hike and supplies to dwindle. it's a painful side effect of our dependency on global trades. humanity has taken huge steps forward since we domesticated wheat more than 10000 years ago. now we use satellites to forecast the weather and no longer rely on

astrology. we use ai to monitor soil control past and grow healthier crops. we produce enough food to feed 2 worlds. but why does 10 percent of the population still face hunger to day? the u. n. 's food and agricultural organizations sense the biggest threats to food security. our climate change and regional conflicts in 2021, a historic drought in the us decrease the grain harvest by 25 percent causing prices to sky rocket. heat waves, wildfires, flash floods and psych loans. put food production at risk all around the world. climate change is increase in the intensity and frequency of these natural disasters which have social and political consequences. middle easton and north african countries are highly dependent on import of particulary we've in 2010.

when pete fires were all around moscow. these then russian president, negative degrees a stall of crane exploit and certainly the stopping of crane experts is not the reason for the arab spring. but it certainly was the trigger as bread price of spike than the bread prize is always a political prize. $26.00 countries import more than 50 percent of their wheat from ukraine and russia. for some, it's up to 90 percent. the war is making the bread prices sore in many countries, but in a world full of uncertainties. why don't countries produce all the food they need domestically? davi le, born from the international food policy research institute, says that resources are not distributed evenly around the planet. therefore, you have pre solution. if you move people or you move vaudeville or you trade food in the peaceful way to do with that is that you create food. but this interdependency might have unforeseen costs. for example,

egypt once the breadbasket of the vast roman empire now heavily depends on wheat imports from ukraine and russia. 85 percent of egypt suite imports came from the 2 countries in 2020. this was not always the case in 2010, egypt only sourced half of its sweet from russia and ukraine. and 20 years ago, none egypt relies on wheat imports while producing other crops like rice. the more you buy, the lower the price per unit, while initially attractive countries may become over dependent on only a few trade partners on the climate crisis and increasing conflicts prove once more, the governments must adapt a just in case mentality, instead of just in time diversifying food sources would be key, but soaring bread prices in the middle east and africa are just one consequence of the war in ukraine. the main problem we face is really how we are going to do with

the filter. kaiser crises that dr. digging bucked global of july, and we're at russia and it's alive. remember villarreal, ocoee exporters. so really felt guys are microphone every what russia and bella rose account for almost one 5th the fertilizer exports globally. the sanctions on these 2 countries will raise the price of available fertilizers, and this will in turn res farmers costs when no fertilizer is used, wheat harvests decreased by 30 to 40 percent. and this is similar for every crop. does that mean there won't be enough food anymore, but they say that very clearly there is enough food in the world for everybody that we have. people who are food insecure is a question of them being poor off social exclusion. dr. martin flick direct the world food, graham's global office in berlin,

which organizes food and cash aint for people experiencing humanitarian crises globally be afford ourselves to skill weighs more than a 3rd of the entire food production. so food insecurities and meadow off social exclusion, self injustice experts said there are solutions to each one of our problems. first she geisha, for example, when by you use the fertilizer in the water in you dishonor. you saw that in the water, you could use much less fertilizer if use it this way. if mahan hulu fi of the un food and agriculture organization says that more than just sciences needed to end world hunger. there is no super bowl. it's harder and thick loankey alone would not take long as you need a life policy. it meets the rights eddie, you lation, ending world hunger seems to be more difficult than sending a mission to mars. as the problem has list to do with technology. and more to do with fair distribution what happens if fertilizers

become scarce or overly expensive? one simple solution is to opt for traditional methods. for thousands of years, farmers have been enriching their soils with animal or even human dung. in many countries, human feces end up in purification plants because they can contain toxins and pathogens. for our global ideas series, we traveled to a small community in mexico, which swears by the benefits of so called human. ewa? yes, sir. so last lot, thomas via nueva is so pleased with the days harvest that he breaks into sung as he delivers the sample for the kitchen. their laughter are these jo. yes, his wife liliana randa, will use the to prepare lunch. after working outdoors, every one is hungry. hello, what can thank the water for watering the plants, the imposter ceiling fan to live. that compost was made from human excrement,

all perfectly normal farmer thomas via nueva and his family. even at the dinner table, it's no to bu, given their salad and vegetables were grown with nutrients from human feces. on the edge of the small mexican town of tampa takes law in the state of mexico. the all entirely farm grows, fruits and vegetables. everything here is fertilized, exclusively with homemade human dung. no thoughtless gwinnett o. completing the cycle she glowed, comes from mirrors, his digestive, and excrete out up. what cobra's as lucas, the all over here. the process of composting allows us to give back to the soil. what we took from anchor boulevard l at vieira luca b. so we complete the cycle and live continues the lobby, that a, c, u they eat their own vegetables, but they also sell them at markets. all plants need nutrients to grow,

especially nitrogen and phosphorus. all in t ali is a fully organic farm, and artificial fertilizers are banned. thomas the new eva says they're expensive and bad for the soil. so he and his team invest a lot of time and effort, collecting excrement from dry toilets, mixing it with natural ingredients like stone powder or straw to transform it into a rich compost over a number of months. the activity of bacteria leads to high temperatures during compositing. that heat kills any pathogens is gar garcia. the name of this compost here is now ready yet, and it's most pleasant. i like fertile soil, be of a fairly they used to grow various types of cabbage, beetroot broccoli, fruit, and a whole lot more. lead, come to the small town of aka to pick in the state of maryland. here,

architect says, our annual van has also looked at ways of recycling feces. he decided to try out something completely new to somebody here when okay, we'll go from there. this is an ecological neighbourhood that i set up more than 20 years ago. i wanted to show that homes can use dry toys and not pollute any water, you know, confirming that and i will in other words, toilets that divert the urine away from the feces and that are not flushed with water. these toilets are not connected to the sewage system, either number in the form, but here and lands in the front here. poop at the back, just out a bit of soil. it is a little and that's it. either a lot of raw sewage in mexico flows directly into lakes rivers and the see something says are on your bay, finds outrageous. he believes dry toilets of the solution and gives workshops,

teaching people how to build and use them. but getting people to actually talk about poop is the biggest challenge, whether i own me, it's like they're afraid of it. that his sanitation system forces people to think about the subject rather than just flushing it away. you're comerica pick go. do you, as an architect, i discovered that in my profession, water is seen as a means of transporting away feces and euro than the local mona i found that terrible sich is so, but so my work aims to change this perception of water. now i can, the receptions will see only love it. okay. you're still single, isn't local. that what i'm doing is reviving the knowledge and understanding of water that our ancestors had. if they didn't see excrement as something dirty. but it's something that needs to be returned to the earth's window. oh,

this ancestors used human feces and other organic ways to develop fertile islands known as channel pass used for growing crops. in wetland areas. they've been used in mexico since ancient times on one she nampa on the edge of mexico city. lucio also be aga wants to keep that heritage a line. latino buses from oil of book that she numbers are one rare example of how we humans have helped to promote life and biodiversity. so they're a very powerful example of how we can live in harmony with nature. not one year, colon up with alice. he runs a regenerative farming project called our cut yetta. the idea is to grow organic, produce working as closely as possible with nature the produce as then sold to restaurants and mexico city. dry toilets are a must. here. there is neither electricity, no running water, and the 2 numbers are protected areas. so waste needs to be dealt with. lucille was

to be aga seized the excrement that it has been collected here as a resource. she no longer need to give back to the earth. what we've received the ship of food. otherwise you get an imbalance on leading to pests and depleted soil . be sort of a fishy answers to fuel plans properly. you need to return all those left over back to the soil this on the phone last, this polish. right now, they're only fertilizing fruit trees with human dung. they want to 1st make sure they can reliably filter out any pathogens, residual hormones and medication in the compost before they start using it for vegetables to back to the old and t only organic fun. thomas via new eva's customers, know how his vegetables are grown, and they whole haunted me approve like, got got in the message. she'll know thomas has a bad image in our society, them both. but we know that this composting process makes it perfectly hard.

jennings, with amazon, but other gossip, and we always like to say is that with you never lose a harvison, but a go now musket glinetta. then michael say chuck this at the at the cycle of giving and taking eating. and dick squeezing something that triggers revolves and elsewhere is seen here as the most natural thing in the world. just a few days ago, several research stations in the antenna take reported record high temperatures. the southernmost continent is shielded from warmer regions by the antarctic. second polar current, a strong cold stream which flows around and taught ticket. so keeping temperatures down, butts, climate change is impacting here too. and i sheets are becoming more fragile. ah, setting off from the noi meyer research station in antarctica,

snowmobiles carry the german scientists over a bed of ice, 200 meters thing. it's an ice shelf that ends a few kilometers further on where the ice flows of the ant arctic ocean begin. mm. as far as the i can see there's nothing but icebergs and emperor penguins, living in frigid conditions at the southern tip of the world. marie charlotte room, there has been observing this colony for several months. the emperor penguins are currently rearing their choice in the icy conditions and using yes. mm hm. so do they at a stage now where the chicks are relatively bank climate often they get left on their own for quite a while so that they parents can go looking for food on land. they're starting to form what's known as a crash, where groups of chicks huddled together for more protection. more for ben ism who

might want to save us a little. while this year, the scientists have brought drones with them. they want to be able to map out the penguin colonies and also test how the penguins respond to the noise of the drones visits. and so the german environment agency has commissioned us to provide a baseline for drawing up guidelines for when drones can be used. and how close to the penguins one lock because more and more drones are being used here. but non invasion, herman, weakened off. the drones will also allow the scientists to determine the size of the colony for the 1st time. their numbers are currently estimated at over $20000.00 the 1st drone flights run without problems a soft dr. indigo lee was less of a reaction than we were expecting. a lot of we thought they panic was one that

there was only a relatively small response as far as we could observe through zillow. soon. the emperor penguins come here every year after their hunting season. having stalked up their energy reserves, they breed their chicks on the frozen surface of the sea. the scientists say if the climate here changes it could threaten the emperor penguins, future div finger in colony. it's for this tangle and colony. it would be a major threat if the structure of the sea ice on which they bria changed the appointment for and on as of indiana, if temperatures increase and the sea ice receipts breaks up earlier, well, then they'd have a shortened breeding season, which is our own no place at all to bring it putting her, and that could mean that the colony might no longer come together and reproduce him on as ralph bunker and he has his guns ruffled funds and couldn't such drastic changes are already a reality. in other areas, climate change at rising temperatures means some penguin colonies have already

disappeared from the ant arctic peninsula. the so called chin strap penguin is among those affected with population numbers plummeting. the declines that we've seen are definitely dramatic. now will they continue? that's. that's the question. are there enough? crill does the population stabilize and there are plenty of chin strap penguins in the world are not going to go immediately extinct in the next couple of decades. numbers of emperor penguins have so far remained stable because temperatures in southern and arctica, where they make their home haven't been affected as badly. but scientists are seeking to predict what changes can be expected in the future. that involves examining chicks that have fallen victim to the hearts winter winds. alexander vin terrell from the university of air. langan is working on one of the world's most comprehensive, long term studies tutors and from working so for that's why these chicks

presumably died 2 or 3 months ago. we can see that from their size since then, they've been preserved in the ice 20 microphone. this is, it's not uncommon for emperor tricks to die young. the conditions here are just very harsh to know how to be the one here. but the size of the colony remains stable. nature appears to factor into the infant mortality rate. the scientists are also looking for penguins that they tagged years ago was gps sensors. they want to know how far the penguins stray from the colony while hunting. using high resolution cameras, the scientists observe the colony throughout the year in winter, the entire colony huddled together. the school that sealed from you mountain t, as notice each bird aims to expend as little energy as possible in the cold winter when they're rearing young physically. so they tried to optimize their position in the colonies once before. so the fascinating thing is that the operators,

collectively, in a very orderly way without having a leader to tell them what to do. yes, avoidance, collective systems being all penguin experts are concerned about global warming. the impact would be devastating if the sea started melting earlier than the us ponies. if we stick to the $1.00 or 2 degrees of warming agreed in the paris accord, we can save this species. if not, it will vanish by the end of this century. at the latest hold, one in exact prognosis is hard to make, but what's clear is sooner or later climate change is going to threaten the future of the emperor penguin. sanchez handy. but a nightmare for the environment in our web special, we shall the journey of such a sashay from the origins of the raw materials it's made from to its end on the rubbish heap. we find out why the number of sashes is growing and why they're so

lucrative for businesses. and so disastrous for our planet. find out more at d, w dot com slash plastic. that's all from us at global 3000 this time. don't forget to drop us a line with your views, right? to global 3000 at d, w dot com and check us out on facebook to d w global ideas. see you next week. ah ah ah ah ah

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ah ah ah ah, this is the w news lived from berlin, russia claims that will broadly cleave reduce military activity around keven chinese in ukraine. it's a sign of potential progress in peace talks held and key. ukraine says it could adopt neutral status and exchange for security guarantees. a meeting between russia and ukraine leader is also on the table. also coming up,

ukraine says it's forces have re taken