time it can be measured precisely, and yet each person experiences it differently as if there are different forms of type, type a phenomena, a dimension and illusion. about time starts april 14th on d. w. with nature is ingenious, the more the lawn from it, the more we understand that solutions for many of our problems are already available in nature. we see sustainable and effective energy production in photosynthesis with a fully functional circular economies in forest ecosystems. on to be sure, let's look at more examples of how we can learn from nature. hello,

welcome to eco india. i'm some of that are. our 1st lesson to live starts in the eastern state of the heart. would be only 52 percent of the population living below the poverty line. it was declared 2020 once forest state and india. a majority of the people who are at engaged in agriculture and as severely affected by the changing climate. an organization in the region is helping up skills school children to start sustainable businesses shooting to targets with one adult bully ma kemati hasn't been working in her own shop for very long. she only left high school in 3 months ago. now she wants a shop to up cycle bags out of used material. frannie couple corporate america used to burn org towards creating smoke and polluting the environment. that's meant i

thought, let's use the old clothes and make bags and sell them in the market so that they could be used to do. but i still got sick. a little, the 18 year old learned about becoming an entrepreneur to a special high school program called going to school, going to it's going to, i took, attended course and day living cool. going to school for free. i will come, we have a lot of financial and other problems here, which is by i taught off further study, but i'm about him. you see like hard vocational high school is located in india as cation gun to dejan in the northeastern. they don't be hard. one of the poorest regions in india, i hear the going to school training program for the students of grade 9 to 12 tackles the issue of retention, especially in the case of girls going to school is a non profit organization based in delhi that has partner with schools in foreign in states, in behind a loan, there are more than 1000 government,

secondary schools, to graphic novels in videos. the students learn more about climate change, sustainability or female education. they also learn how to start their own sustainable businesses. this for example, is the story of job duty wants to learn beekeeping in order to prevent b. i'm wondering for the students in german government, that was a level level graphic not divided into different sections. just the 1st is to store here for it on the 2nd is a good i'm say them is there are business but business. these are thought on different days, but you're a leg reluctant them delivered our the program which is mainly finance from donations is urgently needed. there is high unemployment in the kitchen, gun to region, and the illiteracy rate is 45 percent. one of the highest in the country

education is challenging in the regions due to the factors like poverty and early marriage in the case of girls. more than 42 percent of children each day and above, don't end up completing even 6 years of schooling. learning how to take responsibility for the environment to the going to school program. children and teenagers find more tuition to stay in school longer. cool outlook for new jobs, where the old ones have gone away. john, one idea this region is dependent on family griffin due to climate change. a lot of upheaval has taken place on the yacht. people are facing a lot of problems as a result of poor harvest. this in the region, most of your focus on like i'm not particularly or dea asked part of the curriculum . students are encouraged to follow businesses goals lead by interning with the local entrepreneurs that have partner with going to school entrepreneurs going

beekeeping organic, farming, out of popular choice with students here. it's wonderful. it's margaret will not be able by values than women. i want to make them post a yard or whatever was medicine and blanket i spoke to that you learned about medicinal plants. so i got a government is giving subsidies over about 70 percent on medicine plans for medicine. if he plan demo a pharmacy, there will be lots of customers and even it will, what we need are people who will blank them right? if no blanca about him back a more digitally hit, the scope of participants learn that one can eliminate gallstones by eating the leaves of duck. but her job, our plan for no city. we have learned about organic nurseries and we have learned about being about the different varieties of bees and we learn how to make honey month should have been i know you submitted that if we can connect to what we are teaching and with business and profit, then children will be more interested in doing things school it in the benefit in that of her than a bear in mind. the leading example of what this program could achieve among the

young people of cation guns. she also gets a lot of respect from her father because alongside running her own business for him also helps him in the fields together, the not only help feed their family of 9, but also motivate others to follow a similar pop. galka no lucky oh, come here. people don't. one goes to work and become independent. but in today's times there should be no difference between a girl and a boy. lot of our letter x amount and they are the same and the girls have every right to live and voice. my father and my brother are very happy that i have started this business. made up with id. and now even my younger siblings want to start their business and become independent. got a lot up and that's at the head for my commodities up cycling business brings in

5000 rubies every month, which is a substantial amount in rural behind it connect, earning or living with protecting the environment. now like we just saw, if children are taught early work in think we'd be environment every one around them, benefits for years to come. we humans a part of the environment we destroy, which is why are extracted and destructive practices need workable. sustainable alternative. studying fund guy found abundantly in nature may lead us to some months of move there. among the most remarkable organisms on earth, yet mostly invisible, their web expands and connects the dots of our entire ecosystem and their essential for the cycle of life. fungi and the phone guy kinda a decisive, really new revolution of life. ice knocked us in the previous time. but even in

current time, they degrade almost everything, sponge up some of the most hazardous pollutants, and can even create entirely new materials there. strange and magic and ways you would never imagine. so could they potentially help to clean up the mess on our planet and become the building blocks of our future? fungi are among the few organisms on the planet that can significantly break down lignin, a component, and would cells, but also present in fruits and any kind of tree, or plant that decays after dying. ah, fungi are essential to keeping our soils healthy. and scientists are just beginning to explore their amazing capabilities. ah, it's a phone guy and held in the decomposition of a li, giving thing which is more complex done in the organic compo, then these same set of gods ems can also help to breaking down in the old

gothic 40 dance. invariably, some 44000 oil fields, world wide, illegal extraction and leaks in refineries and oil pipelines have led to an estimated 5000000 oil contaminated sites. world wide fuels and crude oil contain a wide range of pollutants among them. poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or p h is one of the most worrying pollutants of our time. they kill flora and fauna damage organs and can cause cancer in humans and animals. back in 1998 scientists had already found that mushrooms do grow on heavily oil contaminated soils. in this case, oyster mushrooms. after 8 weeks, the total amount of contaminants in the soil plummeted by 99 per cent with p h is also broken down into less toxic substances. but just how do fun guy function?

well, since organic pollutants like fuel oils originate from dead organic matter, fungi degrade them with the same enzyme. they degrade wood and leaves. with contaminants are chopped into smaller compounds which are less harmful or not dangerous at all. so they can become part of the nutrients cycle. again, some are degraded to c o 2 or water and going back to a organisms which laterally before on the rule of be gradation. and using them to degrade and wipe out and potentially environment that very promising rich. but it doesn't end with organic matter. fun guy can also treat soils contaminated with arsenic lead in mercury from mining operations. samples taken close to a russian industrial site showed that fund i accumulated up to 40 times more nickel

and copper than the soil they were growing in. so we might already be holding the solutions for heavily polluted soil in our hands. but as promising and some experiments are many also fail, that means i have 10 different thumb experimental and set her up. and it went well in several and it didn't go well and 3 or the other way around. so what should i do? i cannot put that as a face is off putting into action real remediation scheme. as an authority. treating soils with fungi is feasible in rather small areas. it's cheaper and more eco friendly than conventional methods for removing and burning it. it's not an easy method though, especially in entire forests or mining regions. of course,

fungi can also decompose any organic waste from agriculture and the food industry. so what about using their power to degrade organic matter to build the blocks of our future? like building a home made of mushrooms? no, we're not talking about moldy walls and sellers, and not about living like the smurfs do in the t. v series either. well, maybe it might sound strange, but in 2014 architectural team, the living built this 12 metre high tower in new york city, but not with stone, bricks or concrete. yes, you guessed it. they used 10000 bricks made of my celia. they're very inexpensive. to produce, ah, they can be kind of grown and fabricated in all almost any conditions. i'm so they don't need specialized equipment. and then when you actually put these bricks out into the world, they're very strong, especially for their weight. but they're lightweight bricks. the production of

materials like concrete and steel for construction, are responsible for roughly 10 percent of the world's carbon dioxide emissions. on the other hand, crop residues all around the world are often burned in delhi. for example, this contribute significantly to the city's air pollution in the winter. this is the alternative for the tower. prop residues from corn fields were seated with a fungus, which feeds placed in a mold. the fungus, my ceiling, am colonise, is an entirely within a week, eating up all the agricultural waste. it dries into a solid brick form, creating a new low carbon building material. ooh, the material is fire resistant and has excellent insulation properties, so it can hold its own against concrete. the same holds for polystyrene and plastic . plus, it's biodegradable. the brick simply rot when the house is pulled down. i

can imagine scenarios where people all over the world, ah, sometimes in the resource constrained environments are growing their own bricks and it's totally viable. the bricks aren't as firm as concrete. however, by combining the my ceiling am with other decompose the materials like bamboo and designing a framework to distribute stress evenly. scientist from the university of cosmo showed that concrete advantage can be mitigated. mm. one of its biggest challenges is, ah, durability. because this is a material where it gets damaged or caught, it has the potential to absorb moisture. that means to make it a realistic approach for housing. future homes would need different layers using

our mushroom bricks as the core of a wall. but protecting them from moisture damage from the outside. one way or another, fungi will play a decisive role there essential to the health of our planet. we just need to make use of their secret powers. ah. now some of these fungi can be deadly and hopefully and like it, you might see that need has many harmful ping that 2nd of very existence. yet the antidote still is often available in nature itself. none was a stranger to the corona lives at this point in time. it's very little, have existed among us for a very long time while looking for an antidote scientist and truly turned to the humble alpaca. let's see why. at 1st glance, this south american alpaca looks like an ordinary animal,

but to scientists think it could help us fight the corona virus. han demik with a herd of 19 our pack as a living on the campus of austell university in val, diva southern chile biochemist. alejandro hall house is conducting research working with the l pack. has it been? this male alpaca is called buddha. yes, he's developed neutralizing antibodies against a number of coke 19 barons including omicron lincoln. the scientists 1st vaccinated the alpaca with surface proteins from the covey. 19 virus, then they took a blood sample and found nano bodies that can neutralize south cove to viruses. nano bodies are much smaller than normal antibodies. their structure is also less

complex and they're quite easy to reproduce using yeast cultures. for example, nano bodies are only produced by tamar leds, so our package lamas, camel's and drama to raise and by shocks. even before the pandemic began rojas and his team founded and publicized an initiative aimed at combating emerging viruses. but they didn't have any animals to work with me until an unexpected visitor turned up ill annual mucus in 29 team. a buddhist monk who wants to help us came to visit to fiona to florida. he gave us for our packers from cook kim. it's one of them was buddha. then we have, do you go below tara and pedro, who were you were not legal. they haven't had just produced antibodies to fight sars covey to like buddha, against other viruses. to like nip a virus and hender a virus. me pedro here for example, a about

a computer. the research doesn't harm the our pack has once a year there vaccinated by vets who then take a small sample of blood in val d via in southern chile, at astro universities laboratory for medical biotechnology rojas and his team. have peyton tit 30 nano bodies that directly target saws cove to viruses? now they want to use the al packers nano bodies to develop a drug to treat coven 19 for grow. remember that? well, no, no. this involves mixing the alpaca. nano bodies with a fragment of a human anti body, so that it is accepted by the human immune system. the drug could be inhaled or administered in the form of a nasal spray or injection, and help to prevent severe or fatal cases of coven 19. but the scientists need

financial support to develop the drug. and so far, the chilean government hasn't offered funding muscle again to go more comp. cathy, it's not just about developing an anti viral thera legal resource covey tools to look at. i'm been look, if you would also showing that here in a remote close like southern chile, we're capable of developing a technology that can help bring a global pandemic under control and more that go more in solitude at the university campus. the our packers have their own enclosure covering more than 3 hectares of land where they're free to roam, sleep and feed. buddha is quite the star on social media. he has nearly 17000 followers on instagram alone. letterbug us. some of your pictures provide an alternative solution to monoclonal

antibodies that is much cheaper monica in the coming years will probably see many products developed in the immune systems of these animal wonderful animals with the necessary funding the l pack, as may be able to help us both in this pandemic and in future ones to everything we eat comes from nature. but if the onto replenishing as much as we are extracting, that's when the trouble begins. people around the globe depend on fish for both food and livelihood. but over fishing is a growing problem. a biologist and some alarm is teaching people to bring back the balance between human beings and marine life. let's see how it is the normal morning hustle and bustle and girl mish with domino's state. what did the fisherman from the surrounding villages have come to sell the couch from last night into

passive the king mattress? si bring and shrimp on all the snapped off fast. the customers are housewives and hotels. it's a lucrative business that miss soon disappear. liberty was what doors on board yonder marina, what we used to take from the scene 10 years, you know, we now catching just toys. a fish aren't able to reproduce themselves. la, mundane and calendar will even as a child, the 28 year old went out to sea with his father every morning. to day he owns his own boat, but the future is uncertain because the coast lines have been nearly fish to odin. fishermen have to go further and further out to sea biologists will v singular values providing some support. she works for the saw me not and research foundation, a non governmental organization that is mainly finance public funds. meanwhile,

we have to prioritize and preserve the health of the medina co system, take care of the benefit of the fisherman and also in the battery. but if i dig all steps, dick, why do the condition of the whole muddy ecosystem about a huge problem is the immense bi catch of the trawlers. these are big fishing bows . even devonne has won the narrow mash of the nets, catch many fish, particularly those that are too small, and the consequences on already being felt. i munger, i think one of the, i'm not getting to see that guy, no fish that our ancestors knew them. we just know the names of those facia, but we never see them burgundy. one solution is a new type of met with a squared mesh. the material is more flexible, so the bi catch kind of skip that also makes the cargo lighter rural. but there are gonna be one regular unknown to put them on station one of the major benefit of using the squire. mesh neck fishing method is back. let us know by catch

and mid less goggle the diesel gossip is also to do other go to the generated. and when david on the dot net, okay, i since let is not much my catch by the time dig into separate the fish from the net will also be blue sign. but the more they were you though, when you see all of it, i think amanda calivero a new model that means less diesel consumption and also less environmental pollution to help familiarize the fisherman with the new nets, singer of value goes out to see she has all he drained around $23000.00 fission, divan is one of them of her. i would agree on that and we, she had it going in the man was looking for b as to preserve marine biodiversity, and also increase his income not going to go into that. by income co increase his sketch, he started experimenting with different methods and technology, and i mean, one of the bother got going to run out. so it was easy for us to take it forward and help him switch over to sustainable fishing methods with thunder than allah.

allah, in the u. c. r 100 about it because i live just changing the wavy fish is not enough for the fish population to recover so well. reducing girl values also submerging huge concrete blocks just off the coast that fish can use, like an artificial reef. with online, she also helped build a better facilities around 50 women working fish processing operations like this one. previously the fish would tried in the open air and soul on the side of the road. now the work is better organ. the women process up to 2 tons of fish per month during the high season with the support of the organization. standards, through hygiene and health can be maintained and the fish can be profitably, so to supermarkets and wholesalers. why don't why? because we have introduced a lot of alternative livelihood options to fishermen,

which have held them alarmingly, especially the fisherman, frustrated with sustainable fisheries, should not be seen as just having one single intervention. how come with the other? it was a collective of all these things, which then protects the marine ecosystems effectively renew it. devonne often reminisces above the wide variety of fish, his father used to catch. he hopes officious stalks around the coast consumed recover. it's the only way to see will be able to sustain his children and grandchildren literal. now when we learn, we understand we care and be group. nature offers as many learning opportunities. it's up to us to stand back, observe, and apply them to our lives. i'll leave you with that part and see you again next week from all it was in india and germany. good bye. and thanks for watching. ah,

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