oh matter, discover the world around you. subscribe to the w documentary on you to ah, ah, welcome to global 3000 and insecure future, the survival of penguins in the antarctic is under threats. dangerous dependency. how russia's war in ukraine is worsening, hunger around the world. and far from home ukrainians fleeing the

war as searching for a new life in peace. rushes invasion has devastated much of ukraine. apartment blocks, schools and hospitals continue to be mercilessly targeted with the number of civilian casualties. rising hastily, dug. trenches are serving as provisional graves for many of the dead. ukrainians have shown fierce resistance against the russian army with huge losses on both sides. while the men fight large numbers of women, children and older people have fled the country. their route is often dangerous with the high risk of being shot themselves. several 1000000 ukrainians have already left. thousands of refugees arrived from ukraine every day in berlin alone, including many non nationals who have like i sat to sleep. all have suffered

sadness and trauma. can yes no, no, no. it's the weirdest shock landscape like all ukrainians who fled the war. why not me shortly? we're afraid. put bunky put po, did we heard the sounds of the sirens abuse and the bombs fit in from one road for the bomb? both is a beautiful voice turn. 2 days. i couldn't believe i was in berlin. i couldn't understand what was happening. i was in a state of shock. the floor below shall put socum. could i move, appear to be there on the day the war broke out atlanta. every one ran down into their sellers, hulu, do of to him with the reserve under ground. but at the north associate reason was when i hear helicopters, i think the wars come here. i'm sure it stays with you. you know, not in aircraft isn't what it was when you were a child where you look up and think,

wow me now on you here. an aircraft really think you were at war was an aircraft, his badge of poor. oh, the co vault at the showcase. i wouldn't wish this shock this terror on any one. you know, i have no enemies. basically, i get along with everyone in the car, but i wouldn't wish for the worst person in the world to perform, to have to go through this. it's truly horrible. if it is it, abortion rational casual couldn't school, nor did them get to it. every one in ukraine knows they could die at any moment. her doom woman, there's not a moment's rest or peace. i slept with all my clothes, are no books could afford. could you hear the sirens of the plains approaching and courteous? some were europe at the do the quiz. tippins throw snows door is so scary when someone says something to you, or do you understand anything you do?

it's like you're not there cushion or with the not, not of him a you feel stupid because it's such a shock and you can't understand what's happened. 8th of your fuck is, in your opinion, most popular or did. yesterday, irish dog guard whatever happens, i think the russians will get their comeuppance. but asking that are dollars for the dad, just the innocent children and people in ukraine. now, grania, it shows up on his w. visorio history, won't forget those people will remember how russia behaved and what they've done that for that was the fellow will of the groovy most the live was most neither a moment. there was a low ball and we were able to escape was small clue of where you hurt the train station was a nightmare, valuable. so there were so many actionable and the men weren't allowed to leave. men aged 18 to 60 broke down and lied like little children. why should cook mullen

kid, we've never seen that were raised to believe that men don't cry you live. but with the fear of sending their families away to god knows where of who knows where a bless ruth, him you'll nibbling out local dog is legitimate to just a shame. that should be quite honest. i don't even think about the future. i think about my grandmother who stayed in ukraine and i think about what's going to happen next in our country. did i want the war to stop on you right now? in your book this year? we did, i see you get your stub as good a sequential as to why not e, i'm so sad that my grandma had to stand on crass dollars and our candidate to a course goes all her and so stuck is because of me problem. now we're trying god willing to forget our lives over there. a bit me a bull cultural title, thumb amy problem and we hope we can be open enough to accept

this new life. the bureau was notary ethan always in the war in ukraine is affecting parts of the world already doped by difficulty in east africa. long running droughts and plagues of locusts have devastated harvests. this has left many nations reliant on food imports from abroad. wheat, for example, often comes from russia and ukraine. this year, price is a set to hike and supplies to dwindle. it's a painful side effect of our dependency on global trades. humanity has taken huge steps forward since we domesticated wheat more than 10000 years ago. now we use satellites to forecast the weather and no longer rely on

astrology. we use a i to monitor soil control past and grow healthier crops. we produce enough food to feed 2 worlds. but why does 10 percent of the population still face hunger today? the un food and agriculture organization says the biggest threats to food security . our climate change and regional conflicts in 2021. a historic drought in the us decreased the grain harvest by 25 percent causing prices to skyrocket. heat waves, wildfires, flash floods and site loans, put food production at risk all around the world. climate change as increase in the intensity and frequency of these natural disasters which have social and political consequences. middle eastern and north african countries are highly dependent on import of particulary wheat in 2010. when pete fires were all around moscow. these

then russian president made yet of degrees a stock of grain expert. and certainly the stopping of crane experts is not the reason for the arab spring, but it certainly was the trigger as bread prize of spike than the bread prize is always a political prize. $26.00 countries import more than 50 percent of their wheat from ukraine and russia. for some, it's up to 90 percent. the war is making the bread prices sore in many countries, but in a world full of uncertainties. why don't countries produce all the food they need domestically? davi le, born from the international food policy research institute, says that resources are not distributed evenly around the planet. therefore, you officer dijon. if you move people or you move vaudeville or you trade food in the peaceful way to deal with that is that you treat food. but this interdependency

might have unforeseen costs. for example, egypt once the bread basket of the vast roman empire now heavily depends on wheat imports from ukraine and russia. 85 per cent of egypt, sweet imports came from the 2 countries and 2020. this was not always the case. in 2010, egypt only sourced half of a suite from russia ukraine and 20 years ago, none egypt relies on wheat imports while producing other crops like rice. the more you buy, the lower the price per unit. while initially attractive countries may become over dependent on only a few trained partners, but the climate crisis and increasing conflicts prove once more, the governments must adapt a just in case mentality instead of just in time diversifying food sources would be key. but soaring bread prices in the middle east and africa are just one consequence of the war in ukraine. the main program we,

we face is really how we are going to do with the filter crises that occurred in bucked global, of which you blew it, not russia, and it's alive, remember galleries, ocoee exporters, so really felt you guys so much for a while. russia and bella rose account for almost one 5th, the fertilizer exports globally. the sanctions on these 2 countries raise the price of available fertilizers, and this will in turn, raise farmers costs. when no fertilizer is used, wheat harvests decreased by 30 to 40 per cent. and this is similar for every crop. does that mean there won't be enough food any more working so that very clearly there is enough food in the world for everybody that we have. people who are food insecure is a question of them being poor. off social exclusion, dr. martin flick directs the world food programs global office in berlin, which organizes food and cash ain't for people experiencing humanitarian crises

globally. we afford ourselves to skill weighs more than a 3rd of the entire food production. so food insecurity is a meadow off social exclusion, self injustice. experts said there are solutions to each one of our problems. 50 geisha, for example, when by you use the fertilizer in the water in you dishonor. you saw that in the water, you could use much less fertilizer if you that is way. if my hon hulu fee of the un food and agriculture organization says that more than just science is needed to end world hunger. there is no super bowl, its r dot and thick launching along with knoxville. technology needs a life policy. it meets the rights eddie galatian. ending world hunger seems to be more difficult than sending a mission to mars. as the problem has less to do with technology. and more to do with fair distribution what happens if fertilizes

become scarce or overly expensive? one simple solution is to opt for traditional methods. for thousands of years, farmers have been enriching their soils with animal or even human dung. in many countries, human feces end up in purification plants because they can contain toxins and pathogens. for our global idea series, we traveled to a small community in mexico, which swears by the benefits of so called human youa. yes, all last long. thomas leah nueva is so pleased with the day's harvest that he breaks into sung as he delivers the sample for the kitchen. their laughter are these jo. yes. jo, his wife liliana, randolph will use the to prepare lunch. after working our doors, every one is hungry. allow one can thank the water for watering. the plants was the compost for feeding van kilogram. the nic

that composite was made from human excrement, all perfectly normal farmer, thomas villanueva and his family, even at the dinner table, it's no too given. their salad and vegetables were grown with nutrients from human feces. on the edge of the small mexican town of tepper takes law in the state of mexico. the all entirely farm grows, fruits and vegetables. everything here is fertilized, exclusively with homemade human dung. no thought was gone, i saw a complete the cycle seek lord comes from me or if his digest. yeah. and excrete out up what i prefer. so that because you all know that he had a process of composting, allows us to give back to the soil. what he took from any big bold barrel at deirdre lockerbie, so we complete the cycle and live continues the lobby, that se they eat their own vegetables, but they also sell them at markets. all plants need nutrients to grow,

especially nitrogen and phosphorus. all in t ali is a fully organic farm, and artificial fertilizers are banned. thomas, the new eva says they're expensive and bad for the soil. so he and his team invest a lot of time and effort, collecting excrement from dry toilets, mixing it with natural ingredients like stone powder or straw to transform it into a rich compost over a number of months. the activity of bacteria leads to high temperatures during compositing, that heat kills any pathogens, elk. our guy followed the name of steady miss compost here is now ready yet, and it's most pleasant. like fertile soil, be over fayetteville. they used to grow various types of cabbage, beetroot broccoli, fruit, and a whole lot more. lead come to the small town of aucker to peck in the state of morales here, architect says are,

and your van has also looked at ways of recycling feces. he decided to try out something completely new to somebody here cannot focus on there. this is an ecological neighbourhood that i set up more than 20 years ago. i wanted to show that homes can use dry toys and not pollute any water, you know, confirming that and i work in other words, toilets that divert the urine away from the feces and that are not flushed with water. these toilets are not connected to the sewage system, either let go on, but here and lands in the front here, electric hoop at the back. just add a bit of soil isn't. and that's it. either a lot of raw sewage in mexico flows directly into lakes rivers and the sea by something says, are on your bay. finds outrageous. he believes dry toilets of the solution and gives workshops,

teaching people how to build and use them that getting people to actually talk about it is the biggest challenge whether i knew it's like they're afraid of it, aka, said his sanitation system forces people to think about the subject, rather than just flushing it away, yoakam architechnical deal as an architect, i discovered that in my profession, water is seen as a means of transporting away feces and you're at in the local mona. i found that terrible fits is so, but so my work aims to change this perception of water. now i come yet is a perception, so sandy, love look here. so symbol isn't trickle. what i'm doing is reviving the knowledge and understanding of water that our ancestors had. they didn't see excrement as something dirty, but it's something that needs to be returned to the earth's window. ah,

this ancestors used human feces and other organic ways to develop fertile islands known as champus, used for growing crops in wetland areas. they've been used in mexico since ancient times on one she nampa on the edge of mexico city. lucio was to be, aga wants to keep that heritage a line. latina passes from oil of book that she numbers are one rare example of how we humans have helped to promote life and biodiversity. so they're a very powerful example of how we can live in harmony with nature, not one year, colon up with alice. he runs a regenerative farming project called arcot yetta. the idea is to grow organic, produce working as closely as possible with nature the produce as then sold to restaurants in mexico city. dry toilets are a must. here, there is neither electricity, no running water, and the 2 numbers are protected areas. so waste needs to be dealt with. lucio was

to be aga seized the excrement that has been collected here as a resource, as he no longer need to give back to the earth or what we've received the shape of food. otherwise, you get an imbalance leading to pests and depleted soil. these are out of efficiency us to feel plans properly. you need to return all that's left over, back to the soil and it's on the follows this polish right now. they're only fertilizing fruit trees with human dung. they want to 1st make sure they can reliably filter out any pathogens, residual hormones and medication in the compost before they start using it for vegetables to back to the old and t only organic fun. thomas via new eva's customers, know how his vegetables are grown, and they wholeheartedly approve like got got an illness of seal. no, thomas has a bad image in our society, them both. but we know that this composting process makes it perfectly high.

jennings, with amazon. good other gossip, and we always like to say is that with a put, you never lose a harvison, but i go now musket glinetta. then michael said chuck this at the end of a cycle of giving and taking eating on. dick squeezing something that triggers we balls and elsewhere is seen here as the most natural thing in the world. just a few days ago, several research stations in the and talent take reported record high temperatures . the southernmost continent is shielded from warmer regions by the antarctic circum, pola currents, a strong cold stream which flows around and talked to cut. so keeping temperatures down, but the climate change is impacting. he at 2 and ice sheets are becoming more fragile . ah, setting off from the neu meyer research station in antarctica,

snowmobiles carried the german scientists over a bed of ice $200.00 metres thing. it's an ice shelf that ends a few kilometers further on where the ice flows of the ant arctic ocean begin. mm. as far as the, i can see there's nothing but icebergs and emperor penguins living and fridge conditions at the southern tip of the world. marie charlotte room there has been observing this colony for several months. the emperor penguins are currently rearing their choice in the icy conditions and using the golden star today at a stage now where the chicks are relatively bank climates, often they get left on their own for quite a while so that their parents can go looking for food on land they starting to form what's known as a crash, where groups of chicks huddled together for more protection. more for ben ism,

who am i pompously resolution this year, the scientists has brought drones with them. they want to be able to map out the penguin colonies and also test how the penguins respond to the noise of the drones visits. and so the german environment agency has commissioned us to provide a baseline for drawing up guidelines for when drones can be used. and how close to the penguins don't like, because more and more drones are being used here on invasion herman, good weekend off the drones will also allow the scientists to determine the size of the colony for the 1st time. their numbers are currently estimated at over 20000 . the 1st drone flights run without problems a soft duffy indigo deathly was less of a reaction than we were expecting of. we thought a panic was one,

but there was only a relatively small response as far as we could observe through zillow. soon. the emperor penguins come here every year after their hunting season, having stocked up their energy reserves, they breed their chicks on the frozen surface of the sea. the scientists say if the climate here changes, it could threaten the emperor penguins, future deep pinging coordinates for this england colony. it would be a major threat if the structure of the sea ice on which they bria changed the appointment for and on as of indiana temperatures increase and the sea ice receipts breaks up earlier all then they'd have a short and breeding season. what's as oh, no place at all to bring an automobile supporting her. and that could mean that the colony might no longer come together and reproduce him on his ralph bunker. and he has his guns ruffled funds and couldn't such drastic changes are already a reality in other areas. climate change and rising temperatures means some penguin

colonies have already disappeared from the ant arctic peninsula. the so called chin strap penguin is among those affected with population numbers plummeting. the declines that we've seen are definitely dramatic. now will they continue? that's. that's the question. are there enough? crill. does the population stabilize? ah, there are plenty of chin strap penguins in the world are not going to go immediately extinct in the next couple of decades. numbers of emperor penguins have so far remained stable because temperatures in southern and arctica, where they make their home haven't been affected as badly. but scientists are seeking to predict what changes can be expected in the future. that involves examining chicks that have fallen victim to the hearts winter winds. alexander vin terrell from the university of air lang and is working on one of the world's most comprehensive, long term studies tutors and from looking so for. that's why these chicks

presumably died 2 or 3 months ago. we can see that from their size since then they've been preserved in the ice 20 microphone. this is, it's not uncommon for emperor tricks to die. young knows the conditions here are just very harsh to know how to be the one here. but the size of the colony remains stable. nature appears to factor into the infant mortality rate. the scientists are also looking for penguins that they tagged years ago was gps sensors. they want to know how far the penguins stray from the colony while hunting. using high resolution cameras, the scientists observe the colony throughout the year in winter, the entire colony huddled together. the school had sealed from you, mountain t, as notice each bird aims to expend as little energy as possible in the cold winter when they're rearing young physics. so they tried to optimize their position in the colonies voluntary facility. the fascinating thing is that they operate as

collectively in a very orderly way without having a leader to tell them what to do. yes, avoidance, connectivity to being all penguin experts are concerned about global warming. the impact would be devastating if the see started melting earlier than the us ponies. if we stick to the $1.00 or 2 degrees of warming agreed in the paris accord, we can save this species. if not, it will vanish by the end of this century. at the latest hold wall in exact prognosis is hard to make, but what's clear is sooner or later climate change is going to threaten the future of the emperor penguin. no sanchez, handy, but a nightmare for the environment in our web special we child the journey of such a sashay from the origins of the raw materials it's made from to its end on the rubbish heap. we find out why the number of sashes is growing and why they're so

lucrative for businesses. and so disastrous for our planet. find out more at d, w dot com slash plastic. that's all from us at global 3000 this time. don't forget to drop us a line with your views, right? to global 3000 at d, w dot com and check us out on facebook to d w global ideas. see you next week. ah ah ah ah ah

ah ah ah ah ah ah, ah, many german sidelines and gas reserves are controlled by russian company gas. the corporation has so far operated freely within the german market. perhaps for too long. who is behind this opaque, multinational which gas flows through which a pipe. and does the company even pay taxes here?

made in germany. in 30 minutes on d, w for the sanctions against russia are having an impact. mm workers. there are experiencing the effects 1st hand. like thousands of other volkswagen employees is dimitri sort of shelf is currently firmer. he's enjoying his break for now. but how much longer will this continue focus on europe? in 90 minutes on d w. ah . hello guys. this is the 77 percent. the platform for africa, you to be beat issues and share ideas you know, or this channel. we are not afraid to happen delicate topic because population is

growing fat. and young people clearly have the solution. the future belongs to the 77 percent every weekend on d w. what does war do to people are hatred and violence inherited from generation to generation and award winning documentary searches for answers for 2 years. and the author accompanies a cell of his family in more than syria insights into the isolated world of radical islamists and into

a spiral of violets without end. with a film about family, faith, masculinity, of fathers and sons starts april 16th on d, w. ah, this is d w news and these are our top stories. russian forces are continuing their assault on ukrainian cities is by earlier claiming they would scale back some operations. russia launch fresh attacks on the city of shinny heave in the north and on the capital key of in peace talks on tuesday. moscow had pledged to drastically reduce military activity in both cities. russian

president vladimir putin has back peddled on his demand that country.