was spiral of violence without end. ah, a film about family? faith, masculinity of fathers and sons starts april 16th or d. w. o . get ready for out of space. on march 23rd, germany is mathias maha completed his 1st space woke together with a fellow asked to not despite a few complications, the 2 managed to accomplish their mission. but will the international space station remain in place of global corporation in the future? many that and more with coming up with ring.

ah. hello and welcome to tomorrow to day d w. science program. on march 18th, 3 cosmo notes from the russian space agency rose cosmos took off for the i s s and arrived in time for mateus. mo has birthday party. so far flights to the space station have gone according to plan, despite the war in ukraine. the fact that the newcomers were wearing the colors of the ukrainian flag was just a coincidence. they said, in any case, the ice as has long been considered an oasis of peace. i am talking to you right now from inside the most complex machine that humanity has ever built. but it is not only that, it is also one of the most valuable and unlikely achievements of human kind. german astronaut,

alexander gast has done to stance on board the international space station each lasting 6 months. every 90 minutes the i assess orbits the earth at a height of 400 kilometers astronauts from various countries conduct research on board the i assess carrying out experiments under conditions of micro gravity that would be impossible on earth. the space station is the result of more than 20 years of international cooperation. but the war and ukraine has now cast down on its future. it all began in 1998 with an agreement between russia and the united states, along with other nations. the 2 countries had previously been enemies in the cold war. now they wanted to work together alongside other countries to create something new. a joint space station where cosmo nonsense astronauts from all over the world

. good, come and do research that seem year a russian rocket put the 1st module of the station into orbit and american modules followed a short time later. in october, 2000 cosmonaut sergey creek. i live and yury good zango. together with astronaut bill shepherd were launched into space. they were the 1st crew on board. the i assess and their 1st task was to install a lot of equipment on the station. early stance were sensible, is that we would have to open this face and turn the light on its own television via dog goes directly behind the van on the room with them. yet although this is aisha, when was it had to have a full set of all the necessary life separate? he says delta muslim and they were just in the activated then we had,

you'd have to watch some of them together and, and start the operating on that was stationed activation. in the following years, the i assess continued to grow 16 countries developed modules that were gradually added. in 2011 nasa pronounced the space station officially complete. to day the i assess is the size of a football field and weighs 420 tons. 7 people can live and work on board the station for months at a time. there's an observation don't that provide spectacular views of the earth. the i assess is also equipped with exercise machines. the astronauts and cosmo not need to exercise for 2 hours a day to not lose too much muscle mass in the weightless environment. more than 240

people have now been to the i assess and experienced the weightless sensation of almost 0 gravity. ah, man come in. that is it's like you into a new well, it isn't as good is comment. when i arrived at the space station, it felt like a whole new way of living and moving around it. no. yeah. and you actually have to re learn how to do everything in the homer as it was i listen with noise in the astronauts and cabinets have now conducted more than 3000 individual experiments. gaining new insights into life and space. they plant vegetables and test out medical treatments that focus on cancer research with

the scientists and the i assess also observed the process of climate change on earth. mm. and they tested out high tech materials that could one day be used to build a base on the moon. but for most astronauts, the best thing about living on the space station is the view of earth. i am pretty sure what i will miss is of course the view out the window on this earth that is so amazing, so beautiful. so like seeing and orbital sunrise or sunset is i get the ac tears in my eyes every single time i see it, even though i've seen it so many times, but how many more people will get to have that experience is unclear. the i assess modules are aging, leading to frequent defects and leaks. it's also extremely expensive to run the station. the contract between the 16 international partners officially runs until 2024. nasa and the european space agency one to extend it until 2030.

now rushes warren ukraine is creating tensions. new us sanctions on russia will also affect the space industry we estimate will cut off more than half of russia's high tech imports. will strike a blow through the ability to continue to modernize the military ill degrade the aerospace industry, including our space program in response, roch's space agency roskus most threatened to end the cooperation on the i assess and a couple rushes section from the rest of the station it even posted a computer generated video to that effect. russ cosmos. chief dmitri will goes in, reminded the world on twitter that the west is dependent on russia. the atmosphere causes the i assess to steadily lose about 70 meters of altitude every

day. and it's russian supply ships that regularly lift the i assess back into its original orbit. but russ cosmos also needs nasa. a large part of the stations, electricity comes from the u. s. module, that would be very difficult for us to be upgrading on our own. i s s is an international partnership that was created as an international partnership with joint and sees which is what makes it such an amazing program. but western space agencies have long sought to lose their dependency on rushes space agency and private companies are now also in on the action. they've been developing their own spacecraft that can transport people and materials to and from the station they could also correct the orbit of the i assess. but all of that will take time. if

the i assess is to continue its operation. russia and western countries have no other choice but to continue working together in the near future. the sanctions against russia, a having an impact on other areas of space travel as well. for example, russian rockets was supposed to launch satellites from the british provide a one web into orbit. but the take off was unceremoniously cold off space x in turn jumped at the chance to offer the service of installing internet satellites to ukraine with our internet from space fast internet for everybody. even in the most isolated parts of the world from satellites in space. that's when companies, mike's darling one web and amazon are promising. how does that work? data is transmitted by the sender down on the ground to one of the many satellites

that are constantly orbiting the earth. all satellites communicate with each other via laser beans that send the data through space at 300000 kilometers per 2nd. the speed of light a satellite dish on earth then picks up the data from there, it sent to routers or smartphones. satellite internet is super fast because the vacuum in space doesn't slow down light that makes it 22 percent faster than say, a fiber optic cable. and therefore, especially valuable to high frequency trading on stock exchanges, or even a millisecond can mean billions and profit. and what about private use? satellite transmission lang significantly behind here because high bit rates and huge numbers of users reduce speed uploading and downloading

streaming. even with existing systems, you need to be patient. satellite internet is currently only suitable for areas that have no other data access option, but things are about to improve ala musk star lake network, or constellation already has around $1800.00 satellites of in space. and ames descent, $42000.00 in total, into orbit. but there's also been criticism more satellites and orbit raises the likelihood of them crashing into each other. they increase light pollution as well impeding the view of astronomers. if worn out or defective satellites burn up in the atmosphere. they damage the ozone layer and the transport rockets with which they are shot into space are not exactly climate friendly either. nor is the internet itself. it accounts for the same amount of c, o, 2 emissions as all air traffic in the world combined. and any new satellites unlikely increase that pollution space lights can lead to

valuable discoveries. in december 2021, the james web space telescope was launched. this image is prove that it's mirrors of fully extended for one thing. astronomy is one to use its data to better understand black holes, cannot yon kit is researching how they came about and how they grew? the biggest problem though, we can't actually see black holes. as we can, we can only observe the effects of a black hole and it is either a warm space, or it's an invisible something being ordered by a bunch of stars on the crazy view . what does he do, investigating the phases in which material is drawn into these black holes yet? and what happens is that their surroundings glow and as if it gas, when there's a lot of gas around to black hole, there can be friction. and friction releases heat us,

such an extreme environment means an enormous amount of heat as if it starts to glow things on. so consequently, as we see extremely high levels of light in the vicinity of a black hole don't. francis lost that kind of black hole can generate, and amid more light than all the stars in the galaxy around it combined as called other was however, guns, it all comes from a very small core area isn't, is we know there are huge numbers of galaxies in the universe and collect and if they all have a black hole at their centers, that would mean in principle that in the early universe, we should be able to detect very, very many black holes akin. we currently know of about $300.00 or so room than like in comparison, if we wanted to see how the earth's plant world is constructed, then maybe we'd be able to see the $300.00 largest redwood cylinder and try to

research them it. and that was the $300.00 largest redwoods are certainly throwing sub yes to look at on. but that doesn't enable us to see how a huge redwood really grew there. oh, what did it look like at half sized now in the event as a seedling? it isn't bid for me to stay in this picture. so you wouldn't just look at the biggest redwoods we'd observe them now at half their size or when they were saplings. doll and tried to figure out how the growth mechanisms of such black holes really worked on con, busy. we see their growth faces. but these faces take some tylenol, the light to dublin mass to have a really strong growth spurt. and as it, it'll take a couple of 100000000 years pollen of 1000000 yadda. and we can observe super massive black holes whose size is equivalent to a 1000000000 son's only 6700000000 years after the big back yard is on muscle. they must have grown to that size within that relatively short period. if isn't,

we don't know exactly how that happens if jim smith and a james web will change that us, we're going to observe what the galaxies surrounding. some of these earliest black holes are doing in those will always do they look the same as a couple of 1000000000 years later. what are they fundamentally different? are they may be clumpy or just aka. the answers could allow some very firm conclusions to be drawn about these super massive black holes on the consumers. i'm pretty sure we're in for a lot of surprises such laws, whether they're from black holes or their early development to guns and him or from totally different fields of research, any song i can't say which and i'm happy about that. and otherwise it wouldn't be so interesting any more to miss gladys, it's pretty obvious that james web telescope will get us closer to the big bang, especially when it comes to black holes. yet of it isn't. everybody wants to know. where did i come from? much where am i going safely? and we're just trying to understand the details of this very, very,

very long winded and very long history of the universe. thousands of satellites or overseeing planet earth every moment. from space they can monitor climate and whether among other things they can measure currents in the atmosphere. record way winds and storms are building and help make weather forecasts more precise. but let's rewind a little, wait, us wind actually come from avila bismark with chima, wants to know more. where does the wind come from? wind is moving air. it blows, especially often over the sea. so let's see how air starts moving. air above land warms of faster than air above water. the warm air rises and cool air from the

sea flows in that cool air is heavier, so it sinks. it's this constant rebalancing of warm and cool air masses that produces wind of all kinds from a mild spring breeze to a potentially devastating hurricane. there are wind systems that have global impacts, also known as planetary circulation. they prevent the areas around the equator from getting hotter, and those around the pulls from getting colder. planetary circulation also contributes to fine dust from the sahara, reaching south america. the desert residents do their best to stop the sand, but the wind interrupts their plans, the sahara does not only penetrates villages, the wind even transports dust to europe as the serrato. this hot desert wind is part of the regional wind system around the mediterranean. the system also includes

the bora, one of the strongest winds in the world. ah. the idea of using wind power is an energy source is an ancient one. the 1st windmills are thought to have been built more than 4000 years ago. to day wind is an important renewable energy source, and that's because air is constantly in motion. with the very 1st aerial photograph was taken from a hot air balloon, propelled by the wind. the 1st aerial photography was caspar philly stone, a shawl better known as no dot. in 1858, he photographed paris and the park of outside from above. james wallace block photographed the city of boston 2 years later at the time they were revolutionary views of the earth. today,

such images are common and yet they still reveal things that are only visible from the beds. i view a small plain camera and headphones. besides these essentials at boucher in songs finger tips, he also needs good visibility and to be cleared for take off her. ha ha ha ha ha ha. i look at her. nothing. they're little in my political brooklyn. i believe in luncheon. some is an aerial archaeologist. he regularly jakes to the sky image says no 172 looking for traces of the ancient past 4 years. before we take off, i don't know what i'll find in my flight, i'm done now. we always have surprised experiences. and sometimes you even want to shout out loud when you're sitting alone in the plaintiff, because you see new fines that have never been seen before. and for the 1st time,

after hundreds or thousands of years the visible again, that makes you very happy. of course, the ford motor, sal aerial, archaeologists look for conspicuous patterns in vegetation. the birds are you can recognize what's beneath this surface below the i'm here. so how can we can see the layout of a house built about 7000 years ago? is the hordes of these houses were called neolithic long houses. it long this long because there normally between 30 and 40 meters long island, this, this happens to be 50 meters long and 8 meters wide. these houses are huge. there wouldn't structures have completely rotted away over the last 7000 years, but they left traces in the ground. the outer walls are clearly visible, as are the holes where the mass of oak supports. one stood cropped marks like that are best seen at altitudes of 700 to 900 meters. a plethora of ruins and relics

dating back to roman times can be found in north round westphalia. because the romans were relentless builders. who used stone like for these barracks. one is a good boy, the hum and the south idling earthen. he will, this building has a side length over 120 meters and a huge courtyard on, in is in the by see the car at the back. there's a basilica as is where the officers could also gather here and here along the sides are individual offices. it belong to ventura caster the 1st. and the 2 legions wiped out at the battle of toy to bug forest were stationed here. and one of the volunteers causing me after the dr. summers of recent years. patterns in the vegetation are very distinct. ideal for an aerial archaeologist. her finance yet uber, him i,

she right now over that sent an archaeological park. it's a site we know very well. jones on the yet every now and again, i can still find signs of archaeological sites hidden underground on colonia of via treyana. once stood down there a roman city with up to 10000 residence, vestiges of it can still be seen today. it st houses and temples boucher in soon discovered these lines here. only recently at the side he asks fellow archeologist amin becker, what's behind his aerial discovery when z you can see here that we have relatively sharp edges around healthy plants here and dead plants there and it's been shown that slide 1000. i've been in the air here since 2003, and this is so obvious, but it never noticed it before like this flee, a wagner, m. o amin becker has

a guess about the origin of the clear edge. it was apparently once a passageway built around a roman temple complex. the trunk leads directly to the excavation tent above the ruins. yeah. as, yeah, that's our temple. a gallo roman temple. probably the 1st in which gods were once worshipped here and how the interior of the sanctuary was designed are the focus of amin becker and his excavation team. boucher and song is also interested. second, i always say area, archeologists, art magicians, listen. our knowledge is also based on what's found on the earth. we always need feedback from archaeologist working in the field. thus as i, that's our generates the aerial survey because we see this wall is completely broken in that part, but it becomes much clearer here towards the east and it continues in that direction. so we can assume that if you dig there, you would come across

a well preserved wall structure and that area washed or as high as 30. that means these are negative growth features that are so obvious in the area of photograph think. and now we see the cars, which is the wall features exactly in the area where we suspect them with such negative growth. features typically occur where wall remains, foundations or paths lie just below the surface. just above them here is less soil for the plans to spread their roots, so they grow more poorly or dry out faster than their neighbors. things are a bit different, where pits or ditches were once dug. over the centuries, leaves twigs and new soil collect in their hollows. plants can take deeper root there, taking up more nutrients and water. they thrive better and stay green longer. few hidden bruins are excavated in germany nowadays, as long as nothing new is to be built over them. they are left beneath the protective earth and classed as archaeological monuments. that makes excavation all

the more critical as feedback for aerial archaeology, does boucher and so mrs. pick and shovel is ha firewall. he are long ago. it's not like you think i was digging for years myself and hunter. that's why it's an archaeologist. bread and butter in congo here. i don't have to compete with them and i'm so glad i get a chance to fly of estimate say only some 10 percent of ancient subterranean buildings have been discovered so far in germany, leaving plenty of flying to do for aerial archaeologist vouchers. soon. if i will let is read, why are they only if you have a science question, send it to us by video text oh voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little something as a thank you. i'll go ahead. just ask for

mo, visit our website, or twitter. that's it for now, from tomorrow to day d. w. science program, to name again next week, until then, stay curious. ah ah ah, with

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ah ah, this is dw news coming to you live from berlin. russia is accused of war crimes around chia as gruesome evidence emergence, which i'm a sucker is the most outrageous authority atrocity. august 21st century. ukraine says the bodies of more than $400.00 civilians have been found showing signs of abuse and torture to west condemned to kill.