you may good raring to reason. if there is any erotic friends between them, you'd have to find it between the lines o w literature, most 100 german must reads ah, get ready for out of space. on march 23rd, germany is mateusz maha completed his 1st space woke together with a fender astronaut. despite a few complications. the 2 managed to accomplish their mission. but well, the international space station remain a place of global corporation in the future. media that and more are coming up with

hello and welcome to tomorrow to day d w. science program. on march 18th, 3 cosmo notes from the russian space agency, ross cosmos took off for the i s s and arrived in time for mateus. mo has birthday party. so far flights to the space station have gone according to plan, despite the war in ukraine. the fact that the newcomers were wearing the colors of the ukrainian flag was just a coincidence. they said, in any case we, i, as, as has long been considered an oasis of peace. i am talking to you right now from inside the most complex machine that humanity has ever built. but it is not only that, it is also one of the most valuable and unlikely achievements of human kind. german astronaut, alexander gast has done to stance on board the international space station each

lasting 6 months. every 90 minutes the i assess orbits the earth at a height of 400 kilometers astronauts from various countries conduct research on board the i assess carrying out experiments under conditions of micro gravity that would be impossible on earth. the space station is the result of more than 20 years of international cooperation. but the war in ukraine has now cast down on its future. it all began in 1998 with an agreement between russia and the united states, along with other nations. the 2 countries had previously been enemies in the cold war. now they wanted to work together alongside other countries to create something new. a joint space station where cosmo nonsense astronauts from all over the world

. good, come and do research. that same year, a russian rocket put the 1st module of the station into orbit. and american module followed a short time later in october, 2000 cosmonaut sergey creature live and yury kit zango. together with astronaut bill shepherd were launched into space. they were the 1st crew on board the i assess and their 1st task was to install a lot of equipment on the station. early stamps were sensible, is that we would have to open this face and turn the light on its own television via dog goes directly behind the van on the room with them yet. oh, go. this is aisha when, when whoa, he, it had never called the set of all the necessary life. somebody says to them and they were just really in the activated then we had, he's had to watch some of them together and start the operating on. there was

station activation. in the following years, the i assess continued to grow 16 countries developed modules that were gradually added. in 2011 nasa pronounced the space station officially complete. today the i assess is the size of a football field and weighs $420.00 tons. 7 people can live and work on board the station for months at a time. there's an observation don't that provide spectacular views of the earth. the i assess is also equipped with exercise machines the astronauts and cosmo not need to exercise for 2 hours a day to not lose too much muscle mass in the weightless environment. more than 240 people have now been to the i assess and experienced the weightless sensation of

almost 0 gravity. ah, man calmed in that he said it's like you into a new well, it isn't as good is common. when i arrived at the space station, it felt like a whole new way of living and moving around, you know? yeah. and you actually have to re learn how to do everything in the home as it was . i didn't know i didn't the astronauts and cause bernard have now conducted more than 3000 individual experiments, gaining new insights into life and space. they plant vegetables and test out medical treatments that focus on cancer research. ah, scientists on the i assess also observe the process of climate change on earth. mm

. and they've tested out high tech materials that could one day be used to build a base on the moon. but for most astronauts, the best thing about living on the space station is the view of earth. i'm pretty sure what i will miss is of course, the view out the window on this earth that is so amazing, so beautiful. so like seeing and orbital sunrise or sunset is i get the ac tears in my eyes every single time i see it, even though i've seen it so many times, but how many more people will get to have that experience is unclear. the i assess modules are aging, leading to frequent defects and leaks. it's also extremely expensive to run the station. the contract between the 16 international partners officially runs until 2024. nasa and the european space agency want to extend it until 2030.

now rushes warren ukraine is creating tensions. new us sanctions on russia with also affect the space industry. we estimate the will cut off more than half of russia's high tech imports. i will strike a blow through the ability to continue to modernize the military and degrade the aerospace industry, including a space program in response, roch's space agency, ross cost most threatened to end the cooperation on the i assess and a couple rushes section from the rest of the station, it even posted a computer generated video to that effect. russ cosmos. chief dmitri will goes in, reminded the world on twitter that the west is dependent on russia. the atmosphere causes the i assess to steadily lose about 70 meters of altitude every

day. and it's russian supply ships that regularly lift the i assess back into its original orbit. but roast cosmos also needs nasa. a large part of the stations electricity comes from the u. s. module, it would be very difficult for us to be upgrading on our own. i assess is an international partnership that was created as an international partnership with joint dependencies, which is what makes that such an amazing program. but western space agencies have long sought to lose their dependency on russia's space. agency and private companies are now also in on the action. they've been developing their own spacecraft that can transport people and materials to and from the station they could also correct the orbit of the i assess. but all of that will take time. if

the i assess is to continue its operation, russia and western countries have no other choice but to continue working together in the near future. the sanctions against russia, a having an impact on other areas of space travel as well. for example, russian rockets was supposed to launch satellites from the british provide a one web into orbit. but the take off was unceremoniously called off. space x in turn jumped at the chance to offer the service of installing internet satellites to ukraine, where thou reportedly being used for military operations. but how does satellite internet work? internet from space? fast internet for everybody, even in the most isolated parts of the world, from satellites in space. that's when companies like starling one web and amazon are promising. how does it work? data is transmitted by the sender down on the ground to one of the many satellites

that are constantly orbiting the earth. all satellites communicate with each other via laser beans that send the data through space and 300000 kilometers per 2nd. the speed of light. a satellite dish on earth then picks up the data from there. it sent to routers or smartphones. satellite internet is super fast because the vacuum in space doesn't slow down light. that makes it 22 percent faster than say, a fiber optic cable, and therefore, especially valuable to high frequency trading on stock exchanges, or even a millisecond can mean billions and profit. and what about private use? satellite transmission lang significantly behind here because high bit rates and huge numbers of users reduce speed uploading and downloading

streaming. even with existing systems, you need to be patient. satellite internet is currently only suitable for areas that have no other data access option. but things are about to improve. ellen musk star length network, or constellation already has around 1800 satellites of in space and ames descent, 42000 in total into orbit. but there's also been criticism more satellites and orbit raises the likelihood of them crashing into each other. they increase light pollution as well impeding the view of astronomers. if worn out or defective satellites burn up in the atmosphere. they damage the ozone layer and the transport rockets with which they are shot into space are not exactly climate friendly either . nor is the internet itself. it accounts for the same amount of c, o 2 emissions as all air traffic in the world combined. and any new satellites unlikely increase that pollution spaced lights can lead to

valuable discoveries. in december 2021, the james web space telescope was launched. this image is proof that its marizza fully extended for one thing. astronomy is one to use its data to better understand black holes. knute yankee is researching how they came about and how they grew. the biggest problem though, we can't actually see black holes as we can. we can only observe the effects of a black hole and it is either a warm space, or it's an invisible something being orbiting by a bunch of stars on the crazy yeah, what does he do investigating the phases in which material is drawn into these black holes yet, and what happens is that their surroundings glow and as if it gas, when there's a lot of gas around to black hole, there can be friction. and friction releases heat us. such an extreme environment

means an enormous amount of heat as if it starts to glow. think until consequently, as we see extremely high levels of light in the vicinity of a black hole. don't, francis lost that kind of black hole can generate. and amid more light than all the stars in the galaxy around it combined as called other was however, guns, it all comes from a very small core area isn't, is we know there are huge numbers of galaxies in the universe angle. and if they all have a black hole at their centers, that would mean in principle that in the early universe, we should be able to detect very, very many black holes akin. we currently know of about 300 or so really, really than live in comparison. if we wanted to see how the earth's plant world is constructed, then maybe we'd be able to see the $300.00 largest redwood cylinder and try to

research them it. and that was the 300 largest redwoods are certainly throwing sub yeah, lot to look at. but that doesn't enable us to see how a huge red would really grew there. oh, what did it look like at half sized now in the event as a seedling. it isn't bid for me to stay in this picture. so we wouldn't just look at the biggest redwoods we'd observe them now at half their size or when they were saplings. dahl and try to figure out how the growth mechanisms of such black holes really worked on con, busy and see their growth faces. but these faces take some tylenol, the light to dublin mass to have a really strong growth spurt unless it'll take a couple of 100000000 years. we pollen that 1000000 yoga. and we can observe super massive black holes whose size is equivalent to a 1000000000 son's only 6 or 700000000 years after the big bag is on must. they must have grown to that size within that relatively short period. it isn't. we

don't know exactly how that happens if jim smith and james webb will change that us, we're going to observe what the galaxy surrounding some of these earliest black holes are doing in those will always do. they look the same as a couple of 1000000000 years later. what are they fundamentally different or are they may be clump here? just aka. the answers could allow some very firm conclusions to be drawn about these super massive black holes on the consumers. i'm pretty sure we're in for a lot of surprises, such like whether they're from black holes or their early development to guns and hunting or from totally different fields of research any so i can't say which and i'm happy about that. and otherwise it wouldn't be so interesting any more to mccloud us. it's pretty obvious that james web telescope will get us closer to the big bang, especially when it comes to black holes. get of it isn't. everybody wants to know, where did i come from? it's where am i going safely and we're just trying to understand the details of

this very, very, very long winded and very long history of the universe. thousands of satellites orbiting planet as every moment from space they can monitor climate and whether among other things they can measure currents in the atmosphere. record way wins and storms are building and help make weather forecasts more precise. but let's rewind a little, wait, as wind actually come from a view of this month, what tomorrow wants to know more. where does the wind come from? wind is moving air. it blows, especially often over the sea. so let's see how air starts moving air above land warms of faster than air above water. the warm air rises and cool air from the

sea flows in that cool air is heavier, so it's sinks. it's this constant rebalancing of warm and cool air masses that produces wind of all kinds from a mild spring breeze to a potentially devastating hurricane. there are wind systems that have global impacts, also known as planetary circulation. they prevent the areas around the equator from getting hotter, and those around the pulls from getting colder. planetary circulation also contributes to fine dots from the sahara, reaching south america. the desert residents do their best to stop the sand, but the wind interrupts their plans, the sahara does not only penetrates villages, the wind even transports dust to europe as the serrato. this hot desert wind is part of the regional wind system around the mediterranean. the system also includes

the bora, one of the strongest winds in the world. ah. the idea of using wind power is an energy source is an ancient one. the 1st windmills are thought to have been built more than 4000 years ago. to day wind is an important renewable energy source, and that's because air is constantly in motion to the very 1st aerial photograph was taken from a hot air balloon, propelled by the wind. the 1st aerial photography was caspar philly stone, a shawl better known as no dot. in 1858, he photographed paris and the park of outside from above. james wallace block photographed the city of boston 2 years later at the time they were revolutionary views of the earth. to day such images are common and yet they still

reveal things that are only visible from the beds. i view a small plain camera and headphones besides these essentials at boucher in songs finger tips. he also needs good visibility and to be cleared for ga. gov. i think they would let him i'm clickable in brooklyn. i believe in luncheon. some is an aerial archaeologist. he regularly jakes to the sky in his search, no 172 looking for traces of the ancient past for liberty. before we take off, i don't know what i'll find in my flight. i'm done now. we always have surprised experiences. and sometimes you even want to shout out loud when you're sitting alone in the plaintiff. because you see new finds that have never been seen before

is and for the 1st time, after hundreds or thousands of years the visible again, that makes you very happy. of course, the ford motor aerial, archaeologists look for conspicuous patterns invitation the birds are you can recognize what's beneath the surface below round here. so how can we can see the lay out of a house built about 7000 years ago? is the hordes of these houses were called neolithic long houses that long this long because there normally between 30 and 40 meters long island, this, this happens to be 50 meters long and 8 meters wide. these houses are huge. i so there wouldn't structures have completely rotted away over the last 7000 years, but they left traces in the ground. the outer walls are clearly visible, as are the holes where the mass of oak supports. one stood cropped marks like that are best seen at altitudes of 700 to 900 meters. a plethora of ruins and relics

dating back to roman times can be found in north round westphalia. because the romans were relentless builders who used stone like for these barracks one is a good boy, the hum and the south idling earthen eagle. this building has a side length over 120 meters and a huge courtyard. on vin is in the basilica at the back of the basilica. this is where the officers could also gather and hear along the sides. are individual officers. it belong to very tara caster. the 1st and the to legions wiped out at the battle of toy to book for us were stationed here and why the font is causing it . after the dry summers of recent years, patterns and the vegetation are very distinct, ideal for an aerial archaeologist. her financiers, uber, im i,

she right now were over that sent an archaeological park. it's a site we know very well. jones, on the, at every now and again, i can still find signs of archaeological sites hidden underground on colonia of via treyana. one stood down there, a roman city with up to 10000 residence, vestiges of it can still be seen today. it's st houses and temples vouching soon discovered these lines here only recently. at the side, he asks, fellow archeologist amin becker, what's behind his aerial discovery. when z, you can see here that we have relatively sharp edges as an unhealthy plants here and dead plants. there has been from that 20000. i've been in the air here since 2003 and this is so obvious, but it never noticed it before. like this free about in home. oh, amin becker has

a guess about the origin of the clear edge. it was apparently once a passageway built around a roman temple complex. the track leads directly to the excavation tent above the ruins. yeah. does it? yeah, that's our temple a gallo roman temple, probably the 1st in which gods were once worshipped here and how the interior of the sanctuary was designed are the focus of amin becker and his excavation team. boucher and song is also interested. second, i always say area, archeologists, art magicians, listen. our knowledge is also based on what's found and the earth. we always need feedback from archeologist working in the field. thus, as i, that's what generates the aerial survey, because we see this wall is completely broken in that part, but it becomes much clearer here towards the east and it continues in that direction. so we can assume that if you dig there, you would come across

a well preserved wall structure and that area washed or as high as 30. that means these are negative growth features that are so obvious in the area of photograph think. and now we see the cars, which is the wall features exactly in the area where we suspect them such negative growth features typically occur where wall remains, foundations or paths lie just below the surface. just above them here is less soil for the plans to spread their roots, so they grow more poorly or dry out faster than their neighbors. things are a bit different, where pits or ditches were once dug. over the centuries, leaves twigs and new soil collect in their hollows. plants can take deeper root there, taking up more nutrients and water. they thrive better and stay green longer. few hidden bruins are excavated in germany nowadays, as long as nothing new was to be built over them there left beneath the protective

earth and classed as archaeological monuments. that makes excavation all the more critical as feedback for aerial archaeology. does boucher and so miss his pick and shovel is ha firewall yacht along a guy. it's not like you think i was digging for years myself and hunter. that's why it's an archaeologist. bread and butter in congo he, i don't have to compete with them and i'm so glad i get a chance to fly of estimate say only some 10 percent of ancient subterranean buildings have been discovered so far in germany, leaving plenty of flying to do for aerial archaeologist vouchers, so if i'm a blood is red, why are they only if you have a science question, send it to us by video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little something as a thank you. go ahead. just ask for

mo, visit our website. oh twitter. that's it for now from tomorrow to day d. w. science program. tune in again next week, until the stay curious. ah ah, with

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ah ah, business dw slide from berlin, ukraine's president accuses russia of trying to cover up war crimes. mounting evidence of the intentional killings of civilians in towns or on keith has prompted international outrage. president zalinski visited the town of butcher and will address the un security council later today. he expects evidence of more mass killings to come to light his golshani. some of these are war crimes and will be recognized by the world.