and yet everyone experiences it differently as if there are different forms of time . time. ah, a dimension we know we won't live forever and illusion about time presenting futures past starts april 14th on d. w. not all green roofs are equal. we look at how research is trying to boost their benefits and dw science program is off to gonna to meet women learning how to best create backyard vegetable gardens. we also take a closer look at the herbicide, like i said, good for farming, but bad will people ah,

hello and welcome to tomorrow to day cropped, spraying is common pesticides. broadly speaking, chemicals that kill pests weeds and funky can help increase yields. and farmers are using more and more of it over to 1000000 tons in asia in 20. 19, almost a 3rd more than 20 years ago. south america has recorded arise of 143.5 percent over the same period. more chemicals are also being used in farming, in africa, central america, and the pacific region life. the site is probably the most widely known a few years ago. the international agency for research on cancer classified the herbicide i'd as probably carcinogenic to humans. life as

8 is often used by gardeners or farmers to get rid of weeds. it destroys plants and grass is all in all with a shot of ground. for dr. legalese with wrong kills reason. more than $800000.00 tons of life, or say to use each year globally on rail tracks in gardens on christmas tree plantations. but mainly in agriculture. many farmers demit essential. mm hm. through a couple of weeks before we wanna proceed in the ground, we sprayed it little this week, they could me version many foodstuffs contain life sate residues there even found in hygiene products made of cotton like tampons. the herbicide is produced by dozens of companies worldwide. one of the biggest is germany's pharma giant buyer

buy also sells the genetically modified seeds that are resistant to the herbicide, but dispute still rages over one big issue. some scientists say that the herbicide harms the environment and causes cancer. others say it's harmless. so just how dangerous is life a st really? mm. let's take a closer look. the chemical was 1st created by a swiss chemist in 1950. it's odorless and water soluble. mm hm. but the pharmaceuticals company that he was working for found no use for it. and sold the rights to the substance. it took another 20 years for a u. s. chemist called john e friends to recognize what life estate was best at killing plants. france was working for the chemical concern monsanto. the company marketed it under the brand name round up because it's no longer under peyton. other companies can now

manufactured life essays. so how does it work? oh, pumps absorb glacier safely. they leaves, it's drawn into the roots where it blocks a vital metabolic process. ready visibility, the she can make pathway is the fancy name for this biochemical pathway on the shiki. make pathway is responsible for the synthesis of 3 important amino acids in amino loyal and. ready maria think is an agricultural scientist at the university of castle and has done research, young life, a site been de when they're not produced because the process is inhibited, then certain substances can no longer be created. often plants are no longer able to carry out photosynthesis. that's why plants that are sprayed with life of st. die unless they're resistant. that is with the sticky. but how does glycolysis affect animals and micro organisms? researchers have discovered that the herbicide homes,

many micro organisms because the shaky mate pathway also plays an important role in microorganisms. light bacteria, fungi, and algy davis, we know that 5 milligrams per liter when we tested in the lab, inhibits a lot of microorganisms that means 5 milligrams of life or state per liter in the lab, inhibits the growth of many microorganisms. it doesn't necessarily kill them, but it hugely slows down their growth. and that could also affect other life forms like us humans. because we live in symbiosis with micro organisms ordered. mclaughlin is without a micro organisms in our digestive tract. we could not properly absorb nutrients. we humans don't actually have many of the enzymes that are needed to break down certain substances. they come from micro organisms instead. if we didn't have any micro organisms inside us, we would be dead. researches have discovered that life a sate can impede inside symbiotic relationship with micro organisms. for example,

it damages the got flora of bees making the insects more susceptible to illnesses and parasites. and it also disrupts their sense of orientation. mm rats exposed to life or sate showed symptoms similar to those of depression as well as suffering from metabolic problems own. the herbicide also has a negative impact on earth, worms, amphibia, and fish. and how does life a say to fact humans? does it caused cancer? this question still has not been conclusively on said the licensing authorities in the e u and the u. s. say that the herbicide does not pose a risk to humans, but in early 2015, the international agency for cancer research declared that it probably is carcinogenic and that it can damage dna. 2 different answers to the same question. so what's going on?

let's look at how the different agencies operate. the authorities that have approved lie for say to mainly rely on industry studies primarily carried out by the manufacturers themselves. these studies are not usually publicly accessible because they are seen as commercially sensitive the international agency for cancer research i a r c. by contrast, has investigated all the scientific papers in the public domain. it didn't have access to monsanto studies. so the conclusions were based on different sets of data . the question is, how reliable is monsanto's data? these are induced, these industry studies that are conducted are largely low, lot in there already, but largely very shoddy in terms of their methodologies. jamante z, please canals. mila is a cancer research at the university of vienna. he's assessed 60 for industry studies. the manufacturers were forced to published these studies off to an end geo

filed a suit with the european court of justice. cannot. melissa says that 85 percent of them was scientifically under par dish tool didn't default. and to her ogden funding the studies that were assessed and taken into account by the authorities by the health authorities are out of jesus. dalton seems 2 weeks for i. that's the method used here, cause extremely unreliable that is extreme own to felicity can only detect 4 to 5 of 2 and carcinogens nur fee of this for you may just as well throw some dice. those haste up to kernel, we offer his conclusion. the studies do not offer adequate proof that life a site is homeless. so what does buy it? have to say about that? what is the onboard with our response to summarize briefly? is that mr. class? mila is right to the extent that of cause old studies, some of which were carried out decades ago,

cannot meet the latest guidelines in that simply impossible on what he could not of christian cancer is in charge of the licensing of life. a site for bio lift and because ultimately all these studies were carried out multiple times and have also been assessed worldwide on many occasions and time and time again has been shown that the authorities all agree life as 8 is very, very safe. but many experts disagree, they say life a sate could pose a danger to human house even though exposed to the highest. oh hi ally. well or long. ready exposure, pierrette and they, you'll, you'll, you'll get a higher risk. that's how, what our find me. so actually she'll, that's lou ping chang, a toxicologist at berkeley in 2019, she reviewed the studies that had appeared about life estates and cancer. in particular about a type of cancer, the to 5, the lymph glands,

non hodgkin's lymphoma, we reported so 41 percent. again, chris ah la hodgkin's lymphoma, i rest, you know, the risk among people exposed to collateral slates or what we call collab for say, the based her precise. so, so that's, that's how our major funding, the teams study data on us farmers. the findings going to say to damages dna, it's gina toxic. what are we know? i think is a sofa is glove safety? i mean cause it's, you know, toxicity edge and many, many studies. yes. i confirmed that in humans study and animosity the higher level of exposure, you have the longest time q already o exposed to the higher rescue. that's what we see. to sum up, it's a question of dosage. the more life

a said that humans are exposed to the more likely they are to get cancer. so to conclude, the herbicide is an important aid in particular for many farmers gland for sate helps them to produce higher yields. mm hm. the herbicide leaves residues in food, but they are so small that they do not cause any direct damage, at least and they are mainly ex greeted. but anyone repeatedly exposed to high concentrations of life. a sate like farmers, for example, faces a greater risk of getting cancer according to research as it stands today. the herbicide is harmful for many micro organisms, even in small concentrations. and that poses an indirect danger to animals and perhaps humans to do to these issues. some countries are mulling a ban in the e u. the license for life as 8 runs out at the end of 2022. it is still unclear whether its approval will be extended or not. so it time perhaps,

to look for alternatives. lou. there were plans to reduce the use of pesticides by 50 percent in the european union by the year 2030 that could give a boost to buy a diversity. one research institute compared different agricultural areas over many years. there was an enormous variety of wild flowers where pesticides had never been used. those plans attract insects within actor fields that were farmed for many years without the use of any pesticides had over half the amount of floral diversity. while conventionally farmed fields were very poor in comparison, lots of chemicals mean little biodiversity agree . cultural commodities are traded globally, like wait, for example, as

a result of the war in ukraine, its prices rising. that is endangering food security in countries which depend on wheat and other basic foodstuffs impose. there are many reasons to import food. in ghana, farms are too small to supply the country's entire population. and e u. farm subsidies also distort the global food markets. how can local food production be increased in ghana? well this idea nice pretty close to home. a crowd of women is gathering to get some gardening tips. growing fresh produce isn't hard and the benefits are enormous. and the thought coming out then over here in northern ghana, alberto acosta and her team are showing local women and how best agree about yard

vegetable garden? the small organization started out as a social media project. so we are all planting together and soon gathered momentum, attracting a growing number of female followers. we had seats at our phase, we had some small guiding tools. so we sort of advocating ah, putting on social media, that's the view, one to a backyard guide. and as contacts us and i it's was i'm as i do it as you though at green me those go we eloquent required. within a week, 700 volunteers signed up for the one household, one garden program. many of them were women who had got out of the habit of gardening, or whose husbands didn't want them working in the garden. but during the pandemic, food prices rose dramatically above us. and many people decided to go back to growing their own vegetables. once they complete training, the women are awarded seeds and a pair of rubber boots. they'll be going home to plant tomatoes,

onions and peppers. most of them if they're vegetable patches, flourish they'll even have enough produce to sell. so. now funny i didn't, those would i, valencia will benefit me a lot because some guy can make some money with what we've been trained to do that . and with the attentive school, it will also help mothers feed their children up to every harvest. why this could be very good business school. me got beasen as only the women learn new skills and hopefully start to earn an income too. oh, but not everyone approves alberta, cosa and her team make a point of talking to participants, husbands and the village leaders. how to trans plan to convince them that it's in everyone's interests, nazi at guidance. everything that we do want to say we are very positive about this, our group. and we know that there would, ah, do implements it's, i don't a day, we want to see them more empowered. we want to them to be proud of themselves as

women seeing women learn to take pride on their achievements is what drives a cosa to day? she's just shown over $100.00 women how to be more self sufficient, hopefully not only their gardens, but also their self confidence. will blossom and flourish. we asked on d. w, social media channels. how do you think we can secure enough food for all people worldwide in the future? alexa, mike itala wrote, many countries are able to grow enough will themselves, you only have to believe in regional instead of large scale farming. at kennedy joys got in touch to say that food security begins at home by growing your own vegetables and by teaching families that rise isn't the only stable food

in agricultural schools, alternative food, very and sub being introduced. these include corn, potatoes, bread, fruit, sweet potatoes, cannot bananas, et cetera. ivana wrote, you have to encourage the use of local seeds again, find people who are consuming things unnecessarily leading to trash and introduce useful programs for food sovereignty and mont. maria takes a practical approach. every household should grow their own food to feed themselves . thanks for getting in touch. here are some tips for cultivating your own garden. so a bunch of seeds, water them, and presto. you have a flourishing garden. unfortunately, it's not that easy. then neighbourhood effect plays a significant role. taken apple tree, it needs to have a populating partner nearby. a different variety of apple tree. cross

pollination is essential for apples to trees of the same variety can't cross pollinate. they're considered self incompatible. believe vegetables are different, they tend to fight for space in the garden also for nutrients. tomatoes, for example, require a lot of room. they benefit from an undemanding neighbor such as lettuce. potatoes, meanwhile, are also competitive and can completely deplete the silos nutrients. for centuries, people of understood which plants make good companions in the vegetable patch. milva is a self sustaining crop growing system that produces mays beams and squash. this gardening method is also known as the 3 sisters planting. the mays provides a frame for the beans in turn. the rise obie am on the roots of the bean stalks,

fixes nitrogen in the soil. the squash helps shade the ground and keep it moisture . that means if you were weeds, grow, good news for the gardener. of perfect example of companion, planting gardens and greenery are springing up in our cities. latin. america's biggest evan garden isn't. if avail on the brazilian city of ria diginero, supplying residents with fresh vegetables, one women's cooperative in ecuador capital quito is growing vegetables to feed themselves, but also to sell at the market and, and some extra cash. it's all down to oven gardening. in spain's barcelona, it's hope gardens will promote bio diversity and improve the micro climate, but is going green really? that's an ah, in germany research is a taking a closer look at green roofs,

green roofs and some cities in germany. they're already mandatory for new buildings with flat roofs, but creating biodiversity up high is not it still unusual to see a diverse mix of vegetation. like this flowering be pasture. the scientists of the institute for horticulture and i want to change that for over 30 years. they've been researching how roofs can best be greened, clear, currently replanting part of the area from now on lettuce and peppers will also sprout on the roof of the institute. dr. gwyn o, as in victor green roofs are important to help compensate for the ceiling of our ccs. everyone is talking about the loss of biodiversity. and here we have areas where many species can survive in cities interface and on we believe could cause

laga, head of research at a green roof company. and horticultural scientist bound handler. agree that there must be more green roofs. the usual vegetation from the plant genus set em with its succulent water storing leaves is easy to care for and does not need to be mode or watered. but this permanent greening does little to prevent the loss of biodiversity as india based on good policies. these are the best adapted plans. they can cope a drought en short term water logging on a few hours. it doesn't really get much better than that. basically it's a positive things also have a downside will finish. does the problem is we don't have the diversity we would like on the roof from doc. i'm a head you then in, in one of my sometimes called the z m. desert because is quite monotonous and only has a few species of that's why we would like to see more species, diversity higher growing plans. so we're conducting some trial sweat into tests. on

the green roof, they progressively increase the thickness of the soil and sections from the 6 centimeters usual for set them up to 15 centimeters. the result with every centimeter more more species take root such as the past flower that has just faded the euphoria which is in full bloom, just like the county in the daily or the virginia. all this biodiversity draws the insects in these plans are thirsty than the frugal said hm. but more water also evaporates from their leaves. so as well as providing more biodiversity on city roofs, they cool their surroundings better. in the greenhouse sensors constantly register the temperature and humidity in the air and in the soil. 6 boxes are filled with different depths of substrate and planted accordingly. above a sprinkler system,

the sprinkler simulate a rain event. the question which box cools best through evaporation and can store the most water at the same time? because climate change is not just expected to create great heat, but also more and more heavy rain, the seamless on the ultimate goal is to create a sponge city as well to really absorb the water. just like in nature with soil accent. when we seal services a red building, so create parking spaces because on the water runs off, we want to use it on site to also create evaporative cooling and ultimately a more habitable urban environment. better adapted to the freakish weather we're having to, to climate change. it off in the box with the settle planted on a thin substrate saturated 1st. after a few minutes the water over flows and so can't be used for cooling and irrigation . the other boxes with

a slightly thicker substrate filled up after just under 30 minutes. only one stores the water much longer. it can rain for up to a whole day without the box losing water. the difference a construction that could mitigate the effects of extreme weather if installed on many roofs that was on with the special thing here is actually this retention element, this water storage element under the greenery. busby door full stock so we can empty it before heavy rainfall, but we can also retain the water and the element in order to keep the plans. water drain dry phases need multiple tuples olden in the future. data about the existing water reservoir will be fed into an electronic system linked to the local weather forecast. the system will adjust the available storage when there is a risk of heavy rain and flooding. while in extreme heat, the water can be used for cooling.

sinful, a seamless thus via a meaningful goal is to continue to expound these areas and no longer covered them with gravel found on the dish. and instead covered them with plumps. that will have a cooling effect on our cities. often crude effect, initially and hot. if the roofs are sufficiently load bearing elevated gardens or even real parks would also be possible, bringing more green into the cities and making life, they're more pleasant. if i let is read why i gave you a if you have a science question, send it to us by video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll give you a little surprise as a thank you. i go on just dos and for mo, from the world of signs, visit our website,

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ah ah, this is need to be a news coming to live from berlin. a crucial week ahead in the war for ukraine. president below the museum, he tells ukrainians that russia is preparing for a full scale assault on the east of the country. zalinski says ukraine's fate hinges on whether it gets more weapons from the west. also coming up, surveying the devastation after weeks of russian bombardment. russian forces have left the northern city of china. he but residents tell the.