little to climate. ah, what impact will it? because change doesn't happen on its own. make up your room, mind. d, w. made for mines. ah . the corona virus pandemic has made one thing, crystal clear. the health of people, animals and the environment are closely linked. and we need a better understanding of how they can affect each other. because when the planet suffers human beings due to, that's our topic today. we'll also look at the connection between nutrition and cov, 19 infections. and shall the impact illness can have on our state of mind. but 1st,

we consider the risk of disease transition between animals and humans. scientists are studying guerrillas and the republic of congo to discover more. i wish it is 5 o'clock in the morning and robbie booker is already tracking through the congolese jungle early mornings are the best time for the young environmental scientists to such full and study the guerrillas. after a one hour trek, he spots some. under strict precautions, he tries to observe them study their behavior gemacht the previous clinic with a mask is to avoid contamination in an able and contamination with the guerrillas. with corona virus, it's important that we protect the animals against the disease because then we know that when the disease mike writes from humans to animals and then possibly back to humans, it gets very complicated along that would have been

a conflict up the north of congo brazza vall is home to the western lowland gorillas, thousands live here. nowhere else in the world. can he find such a density of guerrillas? how dangerous as covert 19 for them. that's a question, robbie becker and his research group often debate. but they simply don't have an answer yet. after a silver back out, seriously, sick with cove it in the u. s. su, they've been very careful. they keep at least 25 meters away from the gorillas, and everyone here is vaccinated. in the early, 2, thousands abolla killed almost 5000 guerrillas. that disease was most likely transmitted by bats, possibly from eating the same fruits. that's why rubber cocker and a group of students from the university of brother val are also researching the areas massive back population recruitment on the phone. it's very important to follow up on that pathogens because there's a local community that each bets in and scientifically. we know that there's

a risk of transferring disease from bad to humans herself. so we need to know and avoid that kind of transmission. and possibly also forecast what could become future diseases like your future corona, virus research, local one of you in the capital browser. well, there are several high risk places for the spillover of diseases from animals to humans. bush meat markets while selling endangered species like a relas and chimpanzees is illegal. many other varieties of bush meat can be brought here. robin kirk, i can understand that local residents hunt and eat bush meat to make a living. but he is opposed to bush meat markets where he says endangered species are also often sold illegally. stephane, be masika, blue cross though of these are markets that can be considered breeding grounds for diseases. in those markets, viruses can be easily transferred from animals to human slide along

a pre op quickly and where not some one contracts the disease, it quickly spreads to others. it knocked it up, we took the class, it can easily escalate from epidemic to pandemic bonding oxy. that's the danger of those markets, because here marcella. to prevent future disease outbreaks among the guerrillas. the scientists have increased surveillance, creating an early warning system. the research base is the core of the congo conservation company. his research has financed by eco tourism. it also creates employment for the community, encouraging participation in conservation efforts. but they want to keep the number of tourists low. we don't want to push on the glorious to much and or so we don't want to have a, a kind of factory and like a lot of people coming in coming in from indian, we wanted to keep bits or as was come as possible to a be a bill or to manage that lives of park and we've,

the consumption aspects we don't want most to reason here. the congo basin is the 2nd largest rain forest in the world, often refer to as the earth, african lung. it absorbs more greenhouse gases than the entire continent emits. and it has a unique and diverse ecosystem. in the meantime, robbie, because getting ready for his next tract to the gorillas, he has a few more weeks for his research here before returning to the capital to write his master's thesis knows on his plans because it is. and i think i'll never get tired of seeing the gorillas fit for me. it's a dream, it's a dream to be here. to be able to go and see them as a dream. i can spend all day long watching them for me is that the life i want to live, let because women, rather the cocker, once more congolese, to appreciate the environment and study natural sciences in his master's course. they are currently only for students.

oh diseases that can pass from animals to humans and then on to other humans are called zoom noses. researchers are quite worried that the number of 0 no sees will increase in the future. but how do they come about in the 1st place? she, malaria, salmonella, influenza, and corona all have something in common. there's, you know, says or diseases transmitted from animals to humans. more than half of all known infectious diseases started out in animals, and the trend is increasing for new diseases like covered 19 as many as 3 cortes came from animals. zonati diseases can be caused by bacteria, as well as viruses, parasites, or funny. one way of getting infected is through direct contact with bodily fluids . ringback for example, through a bite or

a scratch. but there are also indirect methods of transmission, like through aquarium water or dirty food bowls. in addition, infections can be contracted when drinking contaminated water or eating animal products. it's possible to catch salmonella from eggs or chicken meet and then there are diseases such as malaria or lyme disease which are transmitted by vectors like insects or takes. but to actually make a person sick, an animal pathogen must overcome the number of barriers and nobody's. let's look at a virus, for example. first it has to be able to enter the human body. then it must escape the immune system. the virus must be able to infect human cells and then use those cells to replicate. when a human. ready catches the disease from an animal. this is known as a spill over event. this can remain an isolated case,

or as was the case with the corona virus. it can develop into a pandemic, but a widespread will only occur if the virus is easily transmit to bill between humans . and that's not always the case. the probability of the notting diseases emerging has increased in recent decades. one reason is ongoing environmental destruction and humans encroaching upon the natural habitat of wild animals. another is that intensive agriculture, an animal husbandry, an increasing farm animals, and pats can also pass germs to humans. to prevent this transmission, it is important to practise simple hygiene measures by hand washing at the same time, according to their you and w, h o. we also need more sustainable agriculture and a stronger focus on the link between animal, human and, and my mental health. for example, having a dog vaccinated against babies, and that by protecting yourself from the disease. or

the corona virus has certainly raised awareness of 0, no, says, but it's not the 1st time scientists have studied the relationship between human and animal health. african swine fever has also caught researcher's attention. sheesh. this is the village of per bright in siri in the u. k, it's a quint, essentially english village. it has a medieval church with weekly congregations, a duck pond, and it's surrounded by green hills and cows. there is no way of knowing from visiting the village, but just a couple of kilometers away is the you case, premier facility for investigating killer diseases in farm animals. the probe right institute is funded by the british government and researchers study viruses like foot and mouth disease and avian flu. doctor linda dixon leads

a group that studying african swine fever. asking why horace are very drastic disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. so it kills almost all of the animals that it infects. it's very difficult to control because there's no vaccine and it persists a neat products and i the environment so can be very easily transmitted between picks and cost. for a large i breaks the disease is more resistant to environment of factors than cove it. it can survive for years in frozen carcasses, for example, and several months in processed meat like sausages or ham. so humans can easily pass the virus to bore or pigs through rubbish. this means the disease can spread like wildfire. the current pandemic has been going on for 15 years. in 2018, it had china, african swine fever,

killed 40 percent of china's pig population between 20182019. this is where things start to get interesting. with the covered, 19 pandemic. china not only saw a large outbreak of swine fever and 29 gene, it was also where the 1st corona virus cases were reported in humans. in that same year, we asked professor dixon what the impact of a sudden drop in the chinese pig population could have meant for people's diets. so i would have been looking for other sources of protein to compensate for. they face high prices of pork and the scarcer phillips them availability for obviously a credit in place while life so either hunting or farming of other other species apart from pigs. so that could have been increased consumption of like wildlife wanted animals and a thing that brings the human population into closer contact with wildlife would

increase the risk of genetic spread from wildlife to humans. researchers say covered 19 may have been made more likely by the pressure put on alternative meet sources due to a lack of port resulting from the african swine fever pandemic. that's because it's thought that a wild species such as raccoons, civic cats, or penguins, served as an intermediary host, allowing the corona virus to pass to humans from horseshoe bat. so anything that brought humans closer to that intermediary host could have increased the chance of the virus jumping from a host to humans. one of the main ways to protect pigs is with a vaccine which dickson is working on, but it's no small task. oh, genetic complexity of athens find the recipe 6 times the of the current of ours is circulating currently on a by 15 times as complex as

a flu. which paper also familiar with complexity means it's hard to train the pigs body to be able to recognise the virus. but dr. dixon does have several promising vaccine candidates waiting for testing with a vaccine company. in the meantime, just like the coven 19 pandemic brought to light, the importance of public health. researchers are hoping that the african swine fever pandemic could serve to raise awareness of just how destructive animal diseases can be. oh, since the start of the pandemic, d. w. science correspondence derrick williams has been following developments and answering your questions. this week, he talks about an unattractive side effect. trash. samuel wants to know what happens with the billions of syringes being used during the pandemic. used syringes are viewed as potentially hazardous medical waste,

not only because they can leave holes in you if they're not handled correctly, but also because they are a possible source of infection when and if they leave those holes. they're classified as what are called of sharps or, or medical devices that have points or edges that can cut or puncture the skin. so a primary concern when getting rid of them is making sure that the needles won't injure and possibly in fact any one during or after their disposal. with many syringes, the needles can be removed and in some places, the plastic part of the syringe is recycled. but in a lot of countries, that isn't an option so, so they often end up in municipal waste. according to the world health organization vaccination drives against coven, 19 last year, more than doubled the number of shots administered world wide compared to pre

pandemic years. and since re using vaccine syringes is a bad idea for several reasons. that ends up being a whole lot of plastic way close to, to $50000.00 tons of it from the syringes alone. a recent w h o report says and, and that's not even taking into account the packaging and the empty vaccine biles, or the puncture resistant, disposal containers that, that sharps and up in. but when it comes to waste caused by the pandemic, both both plastic and otherwise. syringes are just the tip of the iceberg. i'm one study mentioned in that w h o report, for instance, estimated that at times during the pandemic, humanity was going through more than 3000000000 single use masks every

single day. now it's hard to pin down exactly how much plastic waste has been produced directly as a response to the pandemic. because any list would have to include everything from the ramped up production of a wide range of personal protective equipment items to the plastic cartridges used in many, coven, 19 test kits. but. but there's no question that it's millions and millions of tons and a significant amount of that waste will eventually end up not in disposal sites, but in the environment where it will continue to have an impact. long after the pandemic ends m. o, looking after your health is particularly important during a pandemic. but in these times of locked downs and working remote people around the

world are increasingly grabbing for unhealthy food and snacks, and moving a lot less. we talked with the nutrition experts about the link between excess weight and infection risk and how we can improve our eating habits. blue. the corona virus can affect our sense of taste. foods we enjoyed before, suddenly taste like nothing, or even revolting. but there is another link between what we eat and cove at 19 into one is here in germany, the virus is encountering as society made ill by poor eating habits that makes us susceptible to severe corona cases, diet related illnesses like obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes are on the rise in many societies or o in europe and estimated 53 percent of adults are overweight and that number is

growing all the time it creating a new problem. diabetes, the world health organization says 60000000 people in europe suffer from it. then there's cardiovascular disease. it's the most common cause of death worldwide, killing some $17000000.00 people each year. on the path of physiological backgrounds for severe cove cases is that over the years, all these diet related diseases course chronic inflammation which weakens the immune system, making it more susceptible in ego. we heard many recommendations during the pandemic and followed many rules. wash your hands, wear masks, keep your distance, get vaccinated, but no one in authority recommended changing our diet. why not? young? with nutrition with the preventive effect of healthy nutrition, we have a fundamental psychological communication problem. this is that the preventive

effect of diet is very effective, but only in the long term we need a v i t reform. what is the concept of the so called healthy value added tax. so abolish via t concessions for animal based foods, but at the same time, subsidized vegetable fruit. legumes, i, i the kinds of things or who slap an excise tax on sugary drinks? i for all the so called for sugar tax, it is going on good superstore out. it was koya. oh, but we can also decide for ourselves to eat differently every day as little sugar as possible because sugar actually only makes us fat and sick. reduce alcohol because alcohol increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. lots of vegetables in turn, lower the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. blake cubes and nuts are excellent sources of protein and nuts, also contain valuable fatty acid. the eye glass of wine,

if you brownies or chips are perfectly fine. but when you're overweight, diabetic, or have heart disease, that's when you've eaten yourself into a real quandary. while some turn to food for comfort, others are turning to prescription medication and illicit drugs. in brazil, many young people seek relief from mental health crises by taking mood altering substances. but there are alternatives. ah sh. 2 years have passed since giovanni pye, the mera was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. it was triggered by marijuana. jesus, he now participates in therapeutic activities like reiki to ever come anxiety. the corona of irish luck dance meant that he was cooped up at home for months, which sent him back into a deep depression. he thought he'd long ever come to you norful. thanks

a darker look to follow. i couldn't get out of bed local fagin when i did something . nothing made sense each of us you. i felt empty and hopeless it yesterday. i felt sure that i was never going to get better because had already tried many medications. and had thought about suicide, i think i'd even attempted i, you think he many young people have suffered from symptoms of anxiety during the pandemic. according to a unicef report, 73 percent of latin american teens have felt the need to seek helpful physical or mental discomfort caused by social isolation, changes and habits. morning, the death of family members, economic uncertainty and the risk of infection have also caused new cases of depression among youth. when your, when you get that is young people, the teenagers, are venturing out into the world, socializing, exploring their sexuality last excited ige. you was that when that process isn't allowed in such a strict way is that can lead to

a lot of complications of the kind that we're seeing right now. joke, those problems can be traced back to a lack of social interaction. and social activities could also, i'm seeing a lot of patients who are asking me for a doctors note that will allow them to stay home rather than return to in person schooling both as a. so the mosque mandate for our 2 areas has gone. but teens are now facing an even bigger problem. the jarring reality of life post restrictions. because of these changes, the use of psychoactive substances has spiked among teenagers. we've gotten oakland immune with him, his old, my, your drug use says increased to, to the pandemic. high level that's having a significant impact quizzes wanting for the exposure ms was to day we have to hospitalized a teenager who had taken several drugs over a 3 day period. and he ended up experiencing psychosis little damage to the core. science has begun to investigate the effects of psychoactive substances to make medications to combat depression. iowa oscar is a medicinal plant,

native to the american people. but what's the act of substance and what effects can it have? would they me the animal because of the squad. erica, it was a d m t as a psychedelic substance, comparable to others, like ls d lysergic acid mescaline in b sylis. i been discuss substances used in the sixty's, isabella frontage along the other. it belongs to the same class of molecules as serotonin in a way that reminds us of anti depressant rugs that basically, according to the theory of mano amine neurotransmitters, who are based on boosting the contribution of serotonin to the synoptic pathway. what suitable new off in the snatch iowa oscar is only legal in brazil for religious uses. many organizations in the country use these substances for rituals . mikaela lopez learned about the son to die me ritual from her uncle at a family dinner when she was 15. the religious practice revitalized as indigenous rituals

that are combined with catholicism and the consumption of the iowa sca drink. now 20, she's convinced that thanks to i was good. she could overcome her fears and problems with family and friends. you are going to get, i believe that the di me gave me awareness of my attitudes of me that how i connected to people having the things that i did, what i 8 of us. so for me, the die me expanded my consciousness here. the priest of the congregation that mikaela attends, weekly warns that the drink should not be consumed outside the context of the religious mitchell. florida, difficulty outside of this context, the people aren't consuming it in a controlled way. and so the substance killer of unexpected effects upon our scientific advances could be leading us into a new era of antidepressants. but the abuse and misuse of substances can be dangerous. this husky father whistled amy thea, prayer versus hip wise over

d m t should not be used by patients who are taking anti depressants on it was, it was a little they me, they seem. look, i made so much of the pursue, even though and when someone is in treatment for a psychotic disorder, no likes gets afraid. he has a failure. or if they have a history of psychotic episodes, serious his or using d. m t file can be quite dangerous, was his thoughts, wasn't it motivated? was young people still have many challenges to face in the post locked down world. but with society now more face to face and socially active again, they can at least hope the way forward will be easier. sheesh ah, in this week's coban 19 special. we've tried to highlight links between humans and animals and the mind and the body. and ways of coping with crisis. the current pandemic has demonstrated that a better understanding of these relationships will help us prepare for future

pandemic. that includes taking a long, hard look at some of the numbers we've been looking at since launching this program 2 years ago. and that's what we'll be doing on next week show until then. stay safe and take care. ah ah, with

o the holy settle, car of jesus christ in jerusalem. an eternal point of contention. daily arguments. insult, between the never ending conflict of the church of the holy settled in 15 minutes on

d. w. sinclair, chicken or egg, a modem chickens or stressed out there been bread to produce maximum heels, war or fat. he made in record time. animal friendly farming looks different. breeders and scientists are searching for old and new method. 90 minutes on d. w. o. o. rearing to read. ah, everyone who loves books has to go insane. a. d. w literature list 100 german must reads. and we're interested in

the global economy, our portfolio d, w business beyond. here's a closer look at the project. our mission. to analyze the flight for market dominance. get a step with d w. business. yawned. hm .

this with this is dw years live from berlin, a stunning blow to russia's navy. the flagship of its black sea fleet has sunk to brush us, as the incident happened, as the vessel was being towed back to port in a storm. ukraine says it's missiles took out the ship, also coming up more evidence emerges of atrocities committed by russian troops before they left northern ukraine. our correspondent meets eye witnesses in one town.