ah, more than 300000000 people are seeking research we ask why? because no one should have to make up your mind for mines. ah ah ah ah, ah, women are supposedly harder on themselves than men are women under sell their qualifications and are shy about asking for a promotion or res, supposedly for some that may be true, but it might be all too easy to say that what holds women back are the women themselves, as opposed to say, structural inequalities baked into the system,

women and the economy. that's what we're looking at today on made. now women who want to found their own companies often find the path to doing so, particularly challenging and very often blocked by men through generally the ones who get to approve loans and determine who gets venture capital financing. and who does it this next report from you? your henrich men and just vendor sagel shows that female founders from germany and india facing very similar hurdles. ah, these women entrepreneurs off speaking up on women and not some marginal group, they make up 51 percent of society and they're capable. i always like to say women and like men but more psych much more so yeah, maybe some new subsidy to the biggest challenge for me was finding investment capital. the financial means to start my business can reduce who gasoline to win

for me, ally was very difficult. sometimes there were situations where it was clear that i was not being taken seriously because i'm a woman and a young one at that. died upside down, a lot of young. well, it was of a stormy, but oh, i had to prove myself at every point. women entrepreneurs in india and in germany faced the same problem, trying to raise capital. i francisco fung houghton bag in berlin is 36 and has already set up 2 businesses. she started 9 years ago. her current bensha is selling jewelry online ah tags, i think for us. and i really had an incredibly hard time getting a loan after i quit my old job and spent 2 months rotting, a business plan while doing an internship at the same time practical math. and it is evidently no easier for women in the indian city of j poor,

especially when it comes to entering the jewelry business. getting a bank line is not the only problem. sinay on a jane is one of the few female jewelers in the city. since the business is dominated by men, at 1st, a lot of people have trouble grasping that she is the boss a to accompany a man's voice me in dusty may up not biggest challenge was to prove myself in this male dominated industry. it took me years to do so, thought man, when we talk about women running a business, lydia, it's much harder for women to set one and then it is for man, he missed guinea that i'll say immense galena he out of a 100 entrepreneurs in india, just 7, a women in germany, it's more like 15 yanine and missouri started her own business at the age of 26. she had an online marketing and opinion polling company in berlin. and she wants

investors to change how they think in 2019, only 2 percent of women running startups in germany got any venture capital for men . it was almost 18 percent when the women have a lot less access to venture capital. and it's not because women have worse ideas, it's because they start businesses and other fields and more risk averse fields, perhaps precisely because they have a harder time accessing capital. and by officially gotten of capital income in india, even when women do managed to access capital, things can continue to be tough. shoe b jane also fought her way into a male dominated field. she sells furniture and home accessories made by hand in her own workshop. her employees are all men, even getting to the workshop can be dangerous through women, especially at certain times of day. under the workshop itself. things are not always easy. but he really s as a woman i. if i, if i have put in comparison,

then yes, i would have definitely phased oh, i have, i had phased problems led that in domes of taken me see, to sleep lake, to let the artisan take me seriously. i had to give them book, which i didn't even require francisco on hobby bag, doesn't want sympathy for the plight of women and thinks there was no need for programs to support women in business in germany. even though few companies have run by women, she says it's quite easy to stop. one is love of mine had here. i think there are a lot of advance is here. as are there a subsidies and grants a wealth of opportunities for everyone in germany to start a business dodge land. so there's an amazing social safety net lapse a. so even in the worst case scenarios you fall into a hole, it's never that deep. one of my hope is that we can revive germany as the country of poet is thinkers and inventors that we once were ma'am, and, and that more people dare to get out of their comfort zones. starting

a company is doing just that. i me every day, new thoughts on that also being sunni on a jane didn't have the comforts of germany still. she's now respected business woman, enjoy poor and trains of a young women. she says that is a need to raise the pressure on politicians to improve things in del me. ah, business start. good. now female in india it's not as easy as people think ah, for a woman to start a business. her woman galia coffee, which the other people say, there are many investment and career opportunities for women as well as companies that help them financially go to the year. but that's not really how it is on the here. what advice to these women have for aspiring business women if thank as, as im, gets important to tell women who are thinking of starting their own companies and that they have to really and truly want to take this step is motivation is cain. i'm not a fan of giving false encouragements to people, regardless of gender, because i know how hard this journey. yes,

be happy is that eyes off is kabibi. my advice to young female entrepreneurs. they should trust in themselves in there will be set back on the path to success. name is the don't compare yourself to when you have your own identity, you have your own idea. the moment you start comparing, you will start taking your so secondly, from the present. it was the best decision of my life in no other job could. i have learned so much so fast or experienced by so much personal development as oh, my advice to on all young women is do it. try it, go for a lot. if now it's exactly that goal, getting spirit that many worry will become a liability for women in afghanistan as the taliban limits their options when it comes to education and to jobs. the afghan television presenter shop nam daron for one is no longer allowed to appear in front of the camera. the taliban house told her that the rules have changed. although the united nations considers gender

equality a human right. the opportunities for men and women still differ all around the world. some thing many women know all too well. women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities, right? not by a long shot. consider getting a bank loan to buy a home, for example. how things turn out depends on the applicants, gender and where they live in india, kerisha, i mean, was turned down by several banks because she's an unmarried woman. in a 117 countries, creditors are not prohibited from denying loans on the basis of gender. what's more in most economies, women are over represented amongst those without a bank account. women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities. hardly take the world of work. women are much more likely to do unpaid work than men on family

farms and family businesses. and in particular, caring for others, those that do get paid often on a lot less than their male counterparts. the gender pay gap varies from country to country that has to do with politics and tradition. women are also sorely under represented in top jobs. among germany's 30 leading blue chip companies, there's just one female, c, e o bail and gary yo at merck, and she was only appointed last year. same rights and same opportunities at least before the law. right? nope. in more than 100 countries, certain occupations are reserved for men. in russia, for example, a female ship captain spent years fighting for the right to helm a vessel. many jobs are still off limits to women in russia. what about maternity leave and pay in more than $50.00 countries? employers alone are responsible for maternity pay. there's no state support. that's

a significant dissenter for hire women because it could get expensive. equal rights and opportunities for all. what can be done to achieve that. making laws fair would be a good start. speaking all fair laws me to have those here in germany equal opportunities for men and women is enshrined in the constitution. the state is obliged to create and maintain them, but on the ground, the reality might look a little different. women often carry the burden of family life while working full time. and the pandemic means women are putting in even longer hours at both. what can men do to even things out? my colleague notated schmidt finds out is cato, i cook at home, i on my own shirts, and i work full time for my unique and his exhort. isn't only you definitely unique, quite rare for many women you'd be a dream come true, which is a good thing. wire guns quote as

ah, if it or who officer working from home is good because it gives people a chance to take care of their children and their careers. are there any downsides was quite strong. they had a problem with the problem is that during the corona, barras pandemic, women pay the price for the good of society. our women have followed their hans and taken care of their families and their children come on on the farm. they want to do this as well, right? but they also still have to do they paid work our it said gender roles back a few decades to look on ah, back to the fifty's. ah, the corona virus could encourage further discrimination against women of mine. i my impression is that if a woman wants a career, she can't have a child and she wants a child, she has to forego the career. how can we avoid this dilemma if it's indoors in

germany? it is unfortunately often the case that women must choose. i'm get trapped working part time. ah, the toys that means that i do a job hard time. that is normally full time. what's that? i'm constantly get told that i can't have a career if i don't work full time. plus i have to do 100 percent of the house work that i do. if i didn't have a job, i've been so i'm constantly stressed as i've been when. if a woman wants to have a career and children, my advice to her would be to work full time and on because the likelihood of her finding a partnership model in which the man does a lot of housework and it is much higher than if the woman were to work part time in tights. i told i told unseat that walking along. we need more men who contribute unsure the workload on doesn't it is definitely we need men and businesses to contribution other relationship models are possible. it mine and mine. i've had one with my husband for 20 years. i cannot emphasize this enough. we both work full time. we have 4 children, and we don't have no pair or

a nanny old on. and we managed by alternating between working long days and short days, or 6 hours, 10 hours, 6 hours, 10 hours, and that works well. we can, if i can't bear to hear any more business essay, we have standards and just can't find a qualified woman who wants to harm. i can't bear to hear it any more because it's not true either. and we need to consider that women present themselves differently, and their qualifications come across differently. and we need to take a closer look at that. how am i missing? am i looking at people differently and not just at those who appear boastful. sorry, that's not true for all men and there's less to it than what it might sound like. there are men who are very competent, don't get me wrong. but men also present themselves with their chests, brought and proud, and women tend to be more modest and hope to be discovered and dictate wasn't but

that doesn't usually work in, i think i know it doesn't, but it also doesn't work when women say, i'll act like a man throughout my career i've heard again and again you act like a man you to dominance can't you be more humble? women have to realize that that can hold them back as wells. i'm dust it off to who to fear it at all. he will be surprised when i say that when it comes to what women really need, men don't have all the answers to. male entrepreneurs found that out the hard way as they launched a new product, paint gloves to help women dispose of tampons and sanitary pads in a discrete way. the idea seeming to me that the sight of period blood is somehow offensive that opened them up to a lot of mockery, especially on social media. here's the thing though. there are issues related to menstrual products. the 2 men just didn't pick the right 1. 1 of them is sustainability. my colleague, a d t, roger, go, paul, explains them back compact. so discrete only, you'll know it's tampon,

menstrual products are such a big secret. men don't skip this periods, concern all of us on the environment and because we hardly ever talk about it, this is what happened. billions of 1000 tampons and up in the environment. teach you some of which i made almost entirely of plastic. big companies continue to profit off our silence. the good news is we have solutions that are mon eco, friendly antique. but hardly anybody is using them. chances are you haven't even heard of fund. so why is the solution to such a big problem still so unknown menstrual products. i'm more than just girly things. we don't talk about placing them in the afternoon of a lot of the modern was. let's start with the menstrual cup. it seems brand new,

but it's actually been around for wait for it over a 100 years. if you didn't know that, that's not on you. we actually know a surprising in the think about how women go give them money to live with history. what we do know is that no society has ever really viewed menstruation very positively packing course. i can't go swimming, you know, i've got the curses. most women though use what was locally available to them like old clots or even dried plants and leaves. and sometimes even mud, i can't imagine how uncomfortable there must have been not to mention impractical. around the time the light bug was invented, the 1st ideas for the modern cup were born around 200 people. 5 patents were similar blood capturing devices from belts, sacks to suspenders and aprons and girdles. as women entered the workforce and mass production began, the more practical inventions bags, cups,

and tanf ones and to the market. and they were a hit. for the 1st time, women were able to walk and swim alongside men at any time of the month. yeah, i mean it, it, it is liberating in a very sort of physical way shove, australia has written 2 books on menstruation through the age of. she says though, that even with such inventions, it was only the rich western people who had access and period poverty. it's still a huge problem worldwide. the bad became the elite stopped choice of the dime seen as the save option by those too squeamish to imagine their wives and daughters inserting things into their bodies. some feared that they would even lose their virginity. this haven't changed much. pads are still, you was more than any other product. they have the greatest environmental impact as well. but more on that later,

the old dom fonts and cups were being quickly out completed by the mid 20th century . and especially during world war 2 never quite got off the ground. and partly that was due to a rubber shortage and rashes put on rubber. so the idea of using rubber for menstrual cups, but it just wasn't an economic imperative. during world war 2 rubber was supposed to go towards the tires and things that soldiers needed. not women's bodies. the cup had a bigger disadvantage. the way it works is that when you have your peter, you inserted and then remove it in 6 to 12 hours. the empty and clean to sanitize correctly. one copy can be used for up to 10 years. that sustainable, but it means that far fewer cops are sold. the 1st company to sell mass produced cub soon went out of business. oh yeah. it wasn't that women didn't want the product. and when they closed their, these letters back to them saying,

i can i get, you know, 10 cops, i need my cup. so while a cup got elbowed out, pads got better with adhesive wings. and plastic absorbency instead of cotton and with a generational shift and the sexual revolution. tampons gain acceptance in the west to my the 1970 is about 70 percent of us. women use them correspondingly. damp on them pads began filling up bins and landfills. so in the early 2 thousands the cop re launched with a new environmental agenda, silicone replaced rubber. it's our most readable time ever in the book. but fad and tampon makers had that clause in too deep. lots in fluid better. so your and the image of period had been slow sanitized, but it was hard to imagine touching painting and re using something that has come into contact with the seemingly shameful menstrual blood bodies have

a lot of like things that we excrete, right? whether it's your wac, sir, you know, boeing or nose, whatever, but we don't judge it the same way. you're just not going to lose like social standing because of your iraq's, you know. but if you are leaking places are not managing your period, the way whatever social mores are for it, then there are, there is retribution about that ah tanks of the shame and advertising county is tons of sanitary products on out thrown away each you leaking chemicals and micro plastics into the air, land and sea. this she may be most barren denisia as patriarchal cultures. but menstruating women austin, seen as impure it misapplied manufacturers, who in mid 19 eighties realized that m i. c, which is the low and middle income countries. had the biggest market,

85 percent of the was menstruating, live and low in low and middle income countries to gender. scholars surprise that it, but the says that about 80 percent of people who menstruate in india have no access to financial products for the market. is very attractive the government is working to improve access as well and promotes unsustainable power, which now nearly overwhelmed the market. i think the intention was good. right? the intention was truly to support the men from low income households, manage their mens through hygiene, so it decided to do the easy thing and to free right on an existing knowledge on existing competence. and on free riding on the advertising, marketing machinery of bad manufacturers. distributing single use pads is like

giving some on plastic or paper plates for regular meals instead of a dinner plate using public money. transporting them around the country using resources, paying for labor and filling up dumps with plastic and toxins within these products . the singular narrative around sanitary pads can be broken, the important point is, give the men the choice, let them decide what is right for them. so let's take a look at our options then that before, based on budget accessibility and their effect on the environment. first up, the famous sanitary bud, it's the most easily accessible around the world and the most difficult to get rid of the bad can be up to 90 percent lasting from the permeable surface to look cause super robin polymers that swell with blood, that easy to use and throw away,

but with inadequate waste disposal systems around the world bads, most likely end up in the great outdoors. over an average of 40 years of menstruation, people spend up to $5000.00 on pads and next up is a tampon. those width applicators have an extra layer of largely single use plastic, but as long just the applicator, the damp one itself is made of several layers of plastic. from the layer that holds it altogether to the absorb and core. and often the string is made of plastic as well. they do contain less plastic than pads. overall. tampons can also be organic, which means they're only made of copper which is better. much recycling them on

disposing of them is very difficult. people can spend around $2000.00 on tampons over a lifetime. barrier fans have recently become more popular in the west. they have 2 layers and external resistant, one of plastic or natural fiber to prevent leaks. and a super absorb and fabric one close to the skin. they can be one for up to 2 years, but as with any other usable washing them takes time and effort. the reusable making a strong comeback is the cup. it can take a lot of getting used to an access to running water is absolutely essential for convenience and hygiene. but interest is growing. reusable can cost more up front, which is a big problem for people without disposable income, but add up to a fraction over a lifetime. environmentally speaking,

one cup can replace around 20 single used pads or tampons? both cycle. that's about $250.00 a year. and over a lifetime, just for cops can replace up to $10000.00 single new products, just stigmatizing maturation and making it normal. this, having it be a regular part of conversation is a different way of being. and i think that can be radical in its own way. relying on companies what information has led to the b enforcement on the sigma and shame, a long period and pollution. so what we need now is less shame and more awareness and access the choices, but i'll bet on the pocket and the environment. ah, now that last report can also be found on our you tube channel planet, a, along with other brilliant videos around sustainability that was made in germany. thank you for watching and take care. ah

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with this is d w. news coming to live from berlin. moscow sends thousands of troops to attack ukraine's industrial heart land as part of its new offensive in eastern ukraine. equivalent says capturing don bass is now it's main objective. also coming out rushes, seizure of the tra, noble nuclear power plant at the start of its ukraine invasion had the world fearing an atomic disaster weeks after their withdrawal. more brushes, dana.