felicia is growing fast and young people clearly have the solutions, the future loans from the 77 percent every weekend on d. w. a flying high on hydrogen will alternative fuels replacing kerosene, make any growth better for the environment. could mas spitted with intelligent technology help, whereas to breathe more easily. just what's the best way to stay balanced? mold as i mo, coming up on the dw signs program. hello and welcome to tomorrow to day.

finding your balance can be tricky even when you're not on a tightrope, more to the right or to the left. the in full, it's backwards. finding your way through the world and staying upright requires the interaction of different senses. our next record is all about how of a sense of balance works. that is, when it does work, our sense of balance is extremely complex. it's not limited to a single organ. our eyes are responsible for visually processing our environment. they perceive our spatial position optically down and angles even more essential is the vestibular system of the inner ear. 3 semicircular canal signal are spatial orientation to the brain,

as well as information about gravity. and the speed at which our head is moving. our vestibular system and our eyes constantly coordinate with each other. the 3rd thing we need to keep our balance is information from our muscles. sensory organs in the local moderate apparatus, send messages to the brain about the position of our head and body. a stable sense of balance occurs when all of the sensors interact perfectly. pro prime exception or kenneth dcea constantly informs us about the location of our limbs in space. thanks to this perception, we're able to touch the tip of our nose while our eyes are closed. but a mobile, it enables us to walk and climb over obstacles without being aware of every single step we take. for this self perception, pro prior sceptre is in the body,

constantly signal information to the brain about our current position and space. the receptor signals travel via the spinal cord to the cerebellum and the motor cortex. the brain then must constantly decide how the body should change its position and space in order to maintain equilibrium. during any given movement. it sends the relevant signals back to the limbs. mm. and if our body is caught off guard, such as when we stumble, these signals were mainly be answered in the spinal cord via reflexes. which are triggered without going by the brain. ah, the sense of balance can be improved. standing on one leg o, practicing staffing scales sizes can train us to keep our balance more easily. we

need our sense of balance will survival, for example, to react quickly and stressful situations. and training, the sense of balance is not only good for the body. it's also good for the mind. a sebastian new digger is interested in the complex relationship between our sense of balance and other aspects of the body. the focus of his research as hell balance can boost mental abilities when mind and body are trained at the same time. he's conducting a study and has chosen judo as the training method and say, i'm universal says or does a special thing about judo, is that we have to control our own balance. well at the same time trying to throw the opponent off balance fund. and we're trying to anticipate what the opponent will do is appearing osmotic. it's a purely cognitive component. and when,

when we coated altogether, we have a very complex training exercise. so it's a synergy of balance and cognitive processes, also informed from cultural to room for potentially the researcher split $44.00 children into 2 groups. one half did judo training for 2 hours a week for 3 months. the control group continued their normal sporting activities. then in the laboratory, sebastian ladiva studied the effects of the training on the subjects mental performance with as quickly as possible. the child had to touch the button that corresponded to the color surrounding the shape on the screen. press really fast. the researcher measured both the error rate and brain activity and initial results

are in the same results as i'm does, it really does seem that balance. can play a major role when it comes to cognition. it does when i and that is especially significant when these exercises are carried out with children. with deficiencies and motor skills or cognition such as children with 80 h, d, would often darkens all the vices wiser. they are the ones who make the most progress from unfortunate and kind of how thought you could almost say that exercise can have a normalizing effect and then sat beside. so children with a lower cognitive starting point who go through balanced training can benefit more from it. and bring themselves in line with the average stack i'd often call for the young ones is on the door show. the english the study clearly showed the children who practice balance and cognition training simultaneously as they do in judo make significantly faster progress. the combination intensifies the

effect her of, of elk, some code from them. any of the particular effectiveness of the training comes from the overlap of the structures that are responsible for cognition and for skills like balance in the slice kawisi. do they involve similar structures to perform the don't involve yes. and so when we practice complex training, like we create new connections in the brain that we wouldn't get from training both aspects separately when is, but it's a complex training method that we can use in everyday life now. and we really can use it to improve cognitive functions on us also. so what about all the children who prefer gaming to balance training? sports like judo for a startup has developed a special game for them. oh hello. yes, flatow ye too. so i've got your tracking devices here. now, the children can control the interact of games using sensors on their wrists. it's

time to head into the cube. initiator on a marty needecken wants to engage the kids by appealing to one of their strongest urges of iron from the lunch. i guess i should be at the instinct to play is lurking inside all of us if you put inside. and there's so much potential there in terms of giving people access to physical activity. that simple, playful, an unfunded. good it, right? you too. now for the 10 minute workouts, walk out in this game, the children have to touch colored dance and avoid obstacles. at the same time. it requires perception, movement, and balance simultaneously. lacey. it's exhausting, but i thought it was very cool and exciting. others he shouted of blanket. it's so distracting, all this stuff around you, you really have to focus on the exercises and the movements you have to do to give them a homeless. it's that combination of balance and cognition that the designers wanted

to achieve. as he audis eddystone, one equal to the i have to precisely identify audio visual stimuli and react to them though on balance plays a huge and important role in reacting to the right point at the right time in the game is on afford us. and it's only when the body and mind are in harmony and balanced, that you're really capable of performing these dual tasking exercises, lysol outstanding. so what influence does this specially designed fitness game have on cognition? after the game psychologist, sophia anson ada runs a test on the children to find out what i am often thought and of medic, some kids we do a talented to measure selective attention. that's the extent to which the child can focus on one signal and june out the other surrounding distracting signal. little mouth blend can come. and what did the data show to bond?

and now their attention was better off to the games. the responses were faster and more accurate, doctor, whether its judo or gaming, training body and mind at the same time has big potential left or right. a very small minority of people can use both hands equally, but usually one is stronger. yesenia kinnen is from puerto rico, had a question about that. why is being left handed so rare? from your feet to your ears? your body is a study in any symmetries. for instance, 40 percent of us are left ears here, better with their left ear. as the one those people usually use in phone calls

suggesting its dominant 30 percent of us are left died. well, 20 percent of us are left for today. but just one in 10 people a left handed. so for most of us, the for them on the right hand side is the dominant one that's more than in any other animal. from an evolutionary perspective, specializing with one hand appears to be beneficial. chimpanzees, for example, also tend to choose a favorite hand for different tasks. so when in humanities, evolutionary history did this, one in 10 ratio emerge. ancient neanderthal teeth provide a clue. they reveal that are close evolutionary relatives who are also largely right hands it. we believe that when eating meat, neanderthals would hold it taught with their teeth while using that dominant hand to slice it with a knife. but sometimes they would accidentally scratch the teeth,

and those scratches show which and was holding the knife. over the years, researches have come up with lots of theories for why there are so few left handers . but there's still no clear scientific explanation. evidence indicates that genes play a role, even in the womb or fetus shows a preference for either the left hand or the right. one study show that before bus around one in 10 prefer sucking their left thumb. and most of that group goes on to become left handed children. research has pinpointed around 40 spokes in the dna that are associated with being a left hander. but scientists have still only begun to understand the complex biology behind this basic traits. ah, if our blood is red, why i gave you? do you have a science question?

send it to us by video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll give you a little surprise as a thank you. come on. just ask, ah. and for move from the world of science, visit our website, or join us on twitter. we from scary to city during the mass mandate of the pandemic. lots of people found humorous ways to protect themselves and others from the virus . ah, the most effective arises, are, of course, the medical mosques, but wearing them for, oh, is, can be stifling. now, since the pandemic outbreak and early 2020 masks have become an indispensable ally

in preventing the spread of co 19. but in spite of the evidence in favor of them in reducing community transmission, people have to wear a mask for hours on end. agree that it's not always easy. i went by for sundays, especially at the start of the pandemic love. if i had a headache and felt drowsy with our lord american southfield since you can breathe as well in your working all day, you may get more tired than usual. i will. dotted on wednesday. the c o 2 concentration between a person's face and an f. f, p to mask is higher than usual because the air that's exhaled gets trapped, inhaling this carbon dioxide canley to health effects, such as headache or fatigue. whether you will am, i've had a debit by which would be important. i read the mosque for a long time and it's busy. i get tired, and my nose and throat get dry on by thing and then i go fina ordeal to run to the kitchen, drink water, breathe a bit, and get back to work

a lot by there. to help mask wears, avoid these issues. a multi disciplinary research team made up of engineers and chemical scientists from the university of granada has developed an intelligent mask that alerts wearers on their smartphones. when recommended c o 2 limits are exceeded lena, fairly generally, think they're going see intelligent mast has a sensor, meaning a way to measure something in the air between your face and the mask. britta introduce gotta la guardia. and so the c o 2 sensor is equipped with the electronics that will measure the color change in the sensor, but, and transmit that information to a smartphone. and the sin shall input upon me delinquent mouth, you know, telephone all molly. so a standard f, f, p to mask can be turned into an intelligent mask that monitors gas concentration by placing a special electronic sticker inside the mask. let me get that getting blue is occur inserted inside the mask is a system that consists of 2 parts. on one side,

there's what's called readout electronics, which is printed with conductive ink on a flexible, plastic, and transparent substrate to receive. as you can see, the quick put into almost whatever he put it on the other side is the chemical part of the sensor that changes its color. he mean, depending on the c o, 2 concentration con legans into athene, video pseudo, they got one to notify users if they've reached the recommended c o. 2 limits inside the mask. the research team has designed a special mobile app a new shoe audio cup. the user has a mobile app to read the carbon dioxide concentration, if on a moby continental, okay, with in a c, technology is the same technology used for wireless. claimant's implement users would simply have to hold their smartphone close to the mask. jagow magic, i mean, it automatically detects this sticker it up and reads the seal to concentration inside the mask. and i didn't video the software alerts users do a traffic light display red or green. if they need to ventilate and the on on. if

the sadie went the ladder. although mask mandates have been lifted in many countries, many workers are still required to wear them. so that researchers believe there is a demand. the team is willing to transfer the technology to any industry that may be interested in it. ah, masks have been part of everyday life. since the pandemic began, we wanted to know what it's like for you. have you got used to it? and in places where masts are no longer mandatory, do you ever still wear one? marked up notes and writes, i live in costa rica and always wear mosque. even if you don't have to anymore, i will continue to wear one because it makes me feel safe. oh god, lucy hernandez feels similarly. she's got so used to it that she'd feel uncomfortable not wearing one doll gotta take is not so keen on masks, likening them to a muscle. tatty from indonesia writes, i were

a mosque when i leave the house. i also were mosque when i was out before the pandemic, especially in public, where there are lots of people jesus or guards, on the other hand, has never used a mosque. she lives in sweden where it was never mandatory. thanks for your comments. annex records is about flying level air traffic has been on the rise for years in 2019, they were more than 45000000 flights worldwide. even during the pandemic, they were more than $20000000.00 on the more flights, the more carbon dioxide emissions fueled on kerosene, the airplane is a climate killer. quit desperately need to find out her native

this is the future of air travel as envisaged by aircraft manufacturer, air bus from turbo props to jets. the aircraft of the future will be powered by synthetic fuel. that's more or less climate new. oh, by hydrogen stored in tanks next to the passengers. scientists from the german aerospace center have partnered with rolls royce as well to research sustainable aviation fuels. and such fuels are produced incessantly making them more environmentally friendly than kerosene, which is derived from the fossil fuel crude oil. you're probably gonna what else? ah, the scientists use a gas chromatograph to establish the precise chemical composition of the synthetic

fuels they're finding show that they're chemically similar to kerosene. but they're produced differently using a range of sustainable freed stokes, like bio mass or green hydrogen. that makes them almost climate neutral. and in general, more environmentally friendly with less nitrogen oxides and no sit on the left. is kerosene on the right, the synthetic fuel? uhm, the kerosene gives off city smoke. the synthetic fuel doesn't synthetic fuels, could make air travel, almost carbon free by 2050 and ambitious targets,

but not unrealistic in the next insane dog. in the next 10 years. what we could replace about 20 percent of the few was used in germany, asian fuel and also vehicle fuel. i got it's an ambitious target, but it's viable by the short, by 2040. we could manage to replace twice, maybe even 3 times that amount as, as it's possible that by 2050 will be able to replace the fuel was derived to day from crude oil with synthetic fuels, be it biofuels, or e fuels. a test flight powered by sustainable fuel is it really is emissions free as the research is, hey, they follow the test flight in its vapor trail, measuring error souls, water vapor, and trace gases. the synthetic fuels are indeed just as environmentally friendly as they were in the lab, but they come at a price. they're twice as expensive as standard kerosene. just

ripped out from ticket price. that will add several euro's to the cost of short hall flights. and perhaps several 100 euros for long hall flight school. i was just noticing fucked life, but of course, it's only a fraction of the total ticket price because the aircraft has to be paid for a pilot. and so it's only part of the cost which are doubled. this is done for children. what about hydrogen powered plains? how promising of a does pure hydrogen make a good kerosene substitute? the gas is put to the test the research is measured the burning process. the

focus a burner with numerous nozzles powered by hydrogen. the hydrogen flame is colorless . the orange color comes from the water the scientist one to find out how stable the flame saw. for example, hydrogen burns. so quickly and easily that there's a risk, the flame could damage the burner. not this time, the flames and the burning process proved stable, unsafe. in a 2nd step, the research is simulate conditions during a flight. this chamber has a pressure of 30 to 50 bar. the research is focused here is not on the burner, but on the flame. a laser measures flames speed. in the last 80 years,

researches have only ever studied liquid fuels. there's little research on the potential of gas, hydrogen as a kerosene substitute is still a distant prospect. as it is, i know of us it. don't forget your hydrogen use an aircraft will play a smaller role, but 2050 think. i know the single digit percentage range been, i'm still because it'll still be many years until the 1st aircraft are developed and come to market and take advantage of them. it will be years before the fleets are comma to diflucan. congress took them on the invite, the effect, the common other factor is that hydrogen can be used mainly from medium range. why this is becca 2 or 3000 kilometers maximum, either out of and then come, and they're only a small percentage of all total flying sites. they get some fluid by 2050 flying could be almost emissions free. thanks to synthetic fuels on long whole flights and hydrogen powered short ones.

it long whole flights. those traveling a distance of more than 4000 kilometers. we're responsible for more than half of c o. 2 emissions in 2020, worldwide. good. yet in europe, long whole flight accounted for only around 6 percent of flies. as long as there's kerosene in the tank, long whole flight will remain the biggest sin against the climate cut short haul slide. this model could inspire the future of aircraft powered by hydrogen fuel cell technology. no noise, low particles, no c o 2. the dream of emissions free flying could soon take off.

that's it for to morrow today. join us again next week for more exciting stories from the world of science. so you next time, goodbye, and stay curious. with

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ah ah ah ah, this is d w. news live from berlin. evacuation efforts continue the as of styles. steel, platt, dozens of civilians are rescued from the factory, but many more are still trapped in mario polls. last ukrainian stronghold also coming up, search and rescue operations continue, and havana after a powerful explosion kills at least 22 people. dozens more are injured at the iconic saratoga hotel. he was president called it a tragic accident that authorities claim on a truck delivering.