i, she's got, this is her thoughts. i will grade you. flying high on hydrogen will alternative feels replacing kerosene, make a growth better for the environment. could mas fitted with intelligent technology help, whereas to breathe more easily? just what's the best way to stay balanced? mold as a mo, coming up on the dw science program. kind of and welcome to tomorrow. today.

finding your balance can be tricky even when you're not on a tightrope. more to the right or to the left. lean for backwards. finding your way through the world and staying upright requires the interaction of different st. our next record is all about how the sense of balance works. that is, when it does work, our sense of balance is extremely complex. it's not limited to a single organ. our eyes are responsible for visually processing our environment. they perceive our spatial position optically down and angles. even more essential is the vestibular system of the inner ear. 3 semicircular canal signal are spatial orientation to the brain. as was information about gravity and the speed at which

our head is moving, our vestibular system and our eyes constantly coordinate with each other. the 3rd thing we need to keep our balance is information from our muscles. sensory organs in the local motor apparatus send messages to the brain about the position of our head and body. a stable sense of balance occurs when all of the sensors interact perfectly. pro prior exception or kenneth deja constantly informs us about the location of our limbs and space. thanks to this perception, we're able to touch the tip of our nose while our eyes are closed. but a mobile, it enables us to walk and climb over obstacles without being aware of every single step we take for this self perception, pro prior sectors in the body,

constantly signal information to the brain about our current position and space. the receptor signals travel via the spinal cord to the cerebellum and the motor cortex. the brain then must constantly decide how the body should change its position and space in order to maintain equilibrium. during any given movement. it sends the relevant signals back to the limbs. mm. and if our body is caught off guard, such as when we stumble, these signals were mainly be answered in the spinal cord via reflexes. which are triggered without going by the brain. ah, the sense of balance can be improved. standing on one leg o, practicing standing scales, exercise can train us to keep our balance more easily. we need our sense of balance

will survival, for example, to react quickly in stressful situations. and training, the sense of balance is not only good for the body. it's also good for the mind. sebastian new diva is interested in the complex relationship between our sense of balance and other aspects of the body. the focus of his research is how balance can boost mental abilities when mind and body are trained at the same time. he's conducting a study and has chosen judo as the training method by new doors, which has ordered a special thing about judo, is that we have to control our own balance. well at the same time trying to throw the opponent off balance fund. and we're trying to anticipate what the opponent will do is appearing with laughter. it's a purely cognitive component. when, when,

when we quoted altogether, we have a very complex training exercise. so it's a synergy of balance in cognitive processes. also in form from cultural or potentially the researcher split 44 children into 2 groups. one half did judo training for 2 hours a week. for 3 months. the control group continued their normal sporting activities . then in the laboratory, sebastian modica studied the effects of the training on the subjects mental performance with as quickly as possible, the child had to touch the button that corresponded to the color surrounding the shape on the screen. press really fast. the researcher measured both the error rate and brain activity and initial results

are in the same group results as i'm does, it really does seem that balance. can play a major role when it comes to cognition. it does when i and that is especially significant when these exercises are carried out with children. with deficiencies and motor skills or cognition such as children with 80 h d, would often dr. advisors whether they're the ones who make the most progress towards it. i'm kind of how thought you could almost say that exercise can have a normalizing effect and then sought aside. so children with a lower cognitive starting point who go through balanced training can benefit more from it, and bring themselves in line with the average is staggered off on call for to young ones is an indication of the anglican the study clearly showed the children who practiced balance and cognition training simultaneously as they do in judo make significantly faster progress. the combination intensifies the

effect her of of yoke, some kind from him. any other particular effectiveness of the training comes from the overlap of the structures that are responsible for cognition and for skills like balance in the slice clovis, do they involve similar structures, circle totally, don't get them. so when we practice complex training, like we create new connections and the brain that we wouldn't get from training both aspects separately when this. but it's a complex training method that we can use in everyday life. and we really can use it to improve cognitive functions on as a whole sprinkler. so what about all the children who prefer gaming to balanced training? sports like judo for a startup has developed a special game for them. oh, hello, he had for her ye to was on i've got your tracking devices here, how the children can control the interactive games using sensors on their wrists. it's time to head into the cube. initiator on

a marty needecken wants to engage the kids by appealing to one of their strongest urges of iron from the lunch. i guess i should be at the instinct to play is lacking inside all of us. if you put inside and there's so much potential there in terms of giving people access to physical activity, that simple, playful, an unfunded. good it, right? you too. now for the 10 minute workouts, walk out in this game, the children have to touch colored dance and avoid obstacles. at the same time. it requires perception, movement, and balance simultaneously. i see that it's exhausting, but i thought it was very cool and exciting. others, he shouts at a blank, it's so distracting, all this stuff around you. you really have to focus on the exercises and the movements you have to do make to give them a homeless. it's that combination of balance and cognition that the designers

wanted to achieve. as he audis elisha morley able to the i have to precisely identify audio visual stimuli and react to them though on the balance plays a huge and important role in reacting to the right point at the right time in the game is on a sword. and it's only when the body and mind are in harmony balanced, that you're really capable of performing these dual tasking exercises lies soul. our stunning. so what influence does this specially designed fitness game have on cognition? after the game psychologist, sophia anson ada runs a test on the children to find out emma and thought and of medic, some kids we do a talented to measure selective attention. that's the extent to which the child can focus on one signal and june out the other surrounding distracting signal, little mouth blend, and come. and what did the data show to bond?

and now their attention was better off. the games with their responses were faster and more accurate, dot that whether it's judo or gaming, training body and mind at the same time has big potential left. all right. a very small minority of people can use both hands equally, but usually one is stronger. yesenia kinnen is from puerto rico, had a question about that. why is being left handed so rare? from your feet to your ears? your body is a study in any symmetries. for instance, 40 percent of us are left ears here, better with their left ear. as the one those people usually use in phone calls

suggesting its dominant 30 percent of us are left died. well, 20 percent of us are left for today. but just one in 10 people a left handed. so for most of us, the fall m on the right hand side is the dominant one that's more than in any other animal. from an evolutionary perspective, specializing with one hand appears to be beneficial. chimpanzees, for example, also tend to choose a favorite hand for different tasks. so when in humanities, evolutionary history did this, one in 10 ratio emerge. ancient neanderthal teeth provide a clue. they reveal that are close evolutionary relatives who are also largely right hands it. we believe that when eating meat, neanderthals would hold it taught with their teeth while using their dominant hands to slice it with a knife. but sometimes they would accidentally scratch the teeth,

and those scratches show which and was holding the knife. over the years, researches have come up with lots of theories for why there are so few left handers . but there's still no clear scientific explanation. evidence indicates that genes play a role, even in the womb, a fetus shows a preference for either the left hand or the right. one. study show that before bus around one in 10 prefer sucking their left fam. and most of that group goes on to become left handed children. research has pinpointed around 40 spokes in the dna that are associated with being a left hander. but scientists have still only begun to understand the complex biology behind this basic traits. ah, if our blood is red, why i gave you? do you have a science question?

send it to us by video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll give you a little surprise as the thank you. come on. just ask, ah, and for more from the world of science visit our website or join us on twitter. mm. mm. from scary to city during the mosque mandate of the pandemic. lots of people found humorous ways to protect themselves and others from the virus. ah, the most effective arises, are, of course, the medical mosques, but wearing them for, oh, is, can be stifling. now, since the pandemic outbreak and early 2020 masks have become an indispensable ally

in preventing the spread of coven 19. but in spite of the evidence in favor of them in reducing community transmission, people have to wear a mask for hours on end. agree that it's not always easy. i went by for sundays, especially at the start of the pandemic love. if i had a headache in felt drowsy, my thank lord, i mean con southfield. since you can breathe as well. if you're working all day, you may get more tired than usual. my will. dotted on wednesday. the c o 2 concentration between a person's face and an f f p to mask is higher than usual because the air that's exhaled gets trapped. inhaling this carbon dioxide chemley to health effects such as headache or fatigue. whether you will m r cutting that way by which would be important i where the mosque for a long time in it's busy, i get hired and my nose and throat get dry and they thing and then i go fina ordeal to run to the kitchen, drink water breathe a bit and get back to work

a lot by there. to help mask wearers avoid these issues. a multi disciplinary research team made up of engineers and chemical scientists from the university of granada has developed an intelligent mask that alerts wearers on their smartphones . when recommended c o 2 limits are exceeded them up at a dental even think, well, she intelligent mask has a sensor, meaning a way to measure something in the air between your face and the mask. britta introduced gotta la guardia. and so the c o 2 sensor is equipped with the electronics that will measure the color change in the sensor, but, and transmit that information to a smartphone. and the, since you are able to put on me the link for the mouth, you know, telephone all molly. so a standard f, f, p to mask can be turned into an intelligent mask that monitors gas concentration by placing a special electronic sticker inside the mask. let me get that getting blue occur inserted inside the mask is a system that consists of 2 parts. on one side,

there's what's called readout electronics, which is printed with conductive ink on a flexible, plastic, and transparent substrate to receive. as you can see, the quick put in the, almost whatever he put up on the other side is the chemical part of the sensor that changes its color. depending on the c o 2 concentration con, like within the, within the idiocy though, they got to want to notify users if they've reached the recommended c o. 2 limits inside the mask. the research team has designed a special mobile app a new shoe audio cup. the user has a mobile app to read the carbon dioxide concentration. if on a moby continental here with in a c technology is the same technology used for wireless. claimant's implement users would simply have to hold their smartphone close to the mask, yodel, montgomery, and then it automatically detects this sticker itself. it and reads the seal to concentration inside the mask. and i didn't video the software alerts users do a traffic light display red or green. if they need to ventilate and on on

a va sadie rented out of her. although mask mandates have been lifted in many countries. many workers are still required to wear them. so that researchers believe there is a demand. the team is willing to transfer the technology to any industry that may be interested in it. ah, masks had been part of everyday life. since the pandemic began, we wanted to know what it's like for you. have you got used to it? and in places where masts are no longer mandatory, do you ever still wear one? marked up notes and writes, i live in costa rica and always wear moss. even if you don't have to any more, i will continue to wear one because it makes me feel safe. oh garcia hernandez, feel similarly. she's got so used to it that she'd feel uncomfortable not wearing one. delgado tay is not so keen on masks, likening them to a muzzle. tatty from indonesia writes, i wear

a mask when i leave the house. i also wore a mask when i was out before the pandemic, especially in public, where there are lots of people. she's out for guards. on the other hand has never used a mosque. she lives in sweden where it was never mandatory. dap, thanks for your comments. annex records is about flying. level air traffic has been on the rise for years in 2019. they were more than 45000000 flights worldwide. even during the pandemic, they were more than $20000000.00. on the more flights, the more carbon dioxide emissions fueled on kerosene, the airplane is a climate killer. quit desperately need to find out her native

this is the future of air travel as envisaged by aircraft manufacturer, air bus. from turbo props to jets. the aircraft of the future will be powered by synthetic fuel. that's more or less climate and you. oh, oh, by hydrogen stored in tanks next to the passengers. scientists from the german aerospace center have partnered with rolls royce research, sustainable aviation fuels. and such fuels are produced incessantly making them more environmentally friendly than kerosene, which is derived from the fossil fuel crude oil from regarding what else? ah, the scientists use a gas chromatograph to establish the precise chemical composition of the synthetic fuels. their findings show that they are

chemically similar to kerosene, but they're produced differently using a range of sustainable feedstock, slight bio mass, or green hydrogen. that makes them almost climate neutral. and in general, more environmentally friendly with less nitrogen oxides and no sit on the left. is kerosene on the right? the synthetic fuel? ooh, the kerosene gives off city smoke. the synthetic fuel doesn't synthetic fuels, could make air travel, almost carbon free by 2050 and ambitious targets,

but not unrealistic history in the next insane dog. in the next 10 years. what we could replace about 20 percent of the few was used in germany aviation fuel and also vehicle fuel cell guts. it's an ambitious target, but it's viable by the short, by 2040. we could manage to replace twice. maybe even 3 times that amount is it's possible that by 2050 will be able to replace the fuel was derived to day from crude oil. with synthetic fuels be at biofuels, or e fuels a test flight powered by sustainable fuel. is it really as emissions free as the research is? hey, they follow the test flight in its vapor trail, measuring air souls, water vapor, and trace gases. the synthetic fuels are indeed just as environmentally friendly as they were in the lab. but they come at a price, they're twice as expensive as standard kerosene,

just with of ticket price. that will add several euros to the cost of short half lights, and perhaps several $100.00 euros for long hall flights. all i was just noticing fucked life. but of course, it's only a fraction of the total ticket price by because the aircraft has to be paid for a pilot. and so it's only part of the cost which are doubled. this is done for children. was about hydrogen powered plains. how promising a bay does pure hydrogen make a good kerosene substitute? the gas is put to the test the research is measured the burning process. the

focus a burner with numerous nozzles powered by hydrogen. the hydrogen flame is colorless . the orange color comes from the water. the scientist, one to find out how stable the flames are. for example, hydrogen burns. so quickly and easily that there's a risk, the flame could damage the burner. not this time, the flames and the burning process proved stable, unsafe. in a 2nd step, the research is simulate conditions during a flight. this chamber has a pressure of 30 to 50 bar. the research is focused here is not on the burner, but on the flame. a laser measures flames speed. in the last 80 years,

researches have only ever studied liquid fuels. there's little research on the potential of gas, hydrogen as a kerosene substitute is still a distant prospect. as a do i know of us it? don't forget your hydrogen use an aircraft will play a smaller role, but 2050. think. i know the single digit percentage range been, i'm still because it'll still be many years until the 1st aircraft are developed and come to market and take advantage of them. it will be years before the fleets are congregated, longer, stick them on the invite, the effect, the cong. another factor is that hydrogen can be used mainly from medium range. why this is becca 2 to 3000 kilometers maximum, out of and at van con, and they're only a small percentage of all total flying sites. they get some fluid by 2050 flying could be almost emissions free. thanks to synthetic fuels on long whole flights. and hydrogen powered short ones,

long whole flights. those traveling a distance of more than 4000 kilometers, were responsible for more than half of c o. 2 emissions in 2020, worldwide. good. yet in europe, long hold flights accounted for only around 6 percent of flies. as long as there's kerosene in the tank, long whole flight will remain the biggest sin against the climate co short whole slide. this model could inspire the future of aircraft, powered by hydrogen fuel cell technology. no noise, low particles, no c o 2. the dream of emissions free flying could soon take off.

that's it for to morrow today. join us again next week for more exciting stories from the world of science. so you next time. goodbye. stay curious. with

who off to africa with for d. w. travel reporters. in our, in special mil exploring mild be of kenya to the most amazing motorcycle route in south africa. and explore traces of colonialism in nigeria with coming up on d. w. ah,

no sir. last time words in the world. a pianist with burned piano and rescued music. a painter in search of the lights of his homeland are living on march 2030 minutes on d. w. o, a natural spectacle in an improved world. the mass boobies have returned to the coast of the remainder of say, a one of the many success stories,

ration of biodiversity. and only the stores may 20th on d, w. one of main kinds, oldest ambitions, could be within reach. oh, what is it really is possible to reverse aging researchers and scientists all over the world or in a race against time, with dna molecules or has 28000000 different power losses. they are peers and rivals with one daring goal to outsmart nature for a longer,

healthier and fuller life. one of the most insightful discoveries in the history of mankind down the hedge. more life starts may 28th on d, w. ah, this is d w. news and days around top stories. ukrainian president float m is the lensky has asked the g 7 countries for reconstruction aid. he said it will cost more than $600000000000.00 to rebuild everything. russia has destroyed since its invasion to lensky also said that about 60 people sheltering at a school in east and ukraine have been killed by a russian bombing. german chancellor, olaf schoultz has made a t v address to mark this.